The document describes the key components of a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network. It discusses the radio subsystem (RSS), which consists of mobile stations (MS) and base station subsystems (BSS). The BSS includes base transceiver stations (BTS) that establish radio coverage in cells, and base station controllers (BSC) that handle traffic and signaling between BTS and the network. The document also outlines the subscriber identity module (SIM) card, which securely stores a user's international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and authentication key.
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT INFORMATION BY SMS SYSTEM 0kailashgavare
To reduce number of people losing the life propose system, sending automatic information to the ambulance and ambulance will reach the spot fastly and can save human life and reduce no. of people dying everyday. The proposed system is to reduce the death rate of human every day due to accident by sending SMS to the ambulance an so can save human life .To ensure the safety of the passenger and help the passenger if the accident occurs is the key role plays in our project.
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT INFORMATION BY SMS SYSTEM 0kailashgavare
To reduce number of people losing the life propose system, sending automatic information to the ambulance and ambulance will reach the spot fastly and can save human life and reduce no. of people dying everyday. The proposed system is to reduce the death rate of human every day due to accident by sending SMS to the ambulance an so can save human life .To ensure the safety of the passenger and help the passenger if the accident occurs is the key role plays in our project.
Topics covered in this presentation:
Abbreviations
Types of Cards
SIM Card Memory Architecture
RUM-Classifications
NV Vs RUIM
PRL
USIM
UICC Vs ICC
A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System GPS and Global System for Mobile Communication GSM technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination. Ni Ni San Hlaing | Ma Naing | San San Naing ""GPS and GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23718.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23718/gps-and-gsm-based-vehicle-tracking-system/ni-ni-san-hlaing
M2M Telematics & Predictive Analytics White Paper by GopalakrishnaGopalakrishna Palem
As the global energy usage continues to surge, the confluence of M2M telematics and real-time analytics is the key for delivering green solutions.
" .. Take an example of electric vehicle (EV) that you drive home and connect to the electric grid, letting it figure out your next commute requirement from the calendar appointments on your hand-held or mobile, and your grid’s active load usage and non-peak hours from the energy provider, all summed up to auto-tune its own recharging schedule to reduce the load on grid while taking into account any emergency commutes that might be required based on your personal commute history and your associations – computed all without the need for slightest manual intervention, that’s M2M Telematics hand-in-hand with real-time analytics at work... "
CSPs are actively exploring the opportunities for providing M2M solutions to industry sectors such as:
• Automotive:
o Vehicle & Asset Tracking: Real-time GPS/GSM evaluation and tracking
o Fleet management: Real-time predictive maintenance, inventory control, optimal work-schedules
o Eco-routing: Real-time traffic monitoring systems for vehicle efficiency and passenger safety with cooperative M2M interactions
• Healthcare:
o Telemedicine: Health monitoring and remote medicine administration
o Assisted Living: Supportive sensor aids and safety guides
• Retail:
o Match sales: Real-time auctioning for buyer’s basket
o Supply chain monitoring: Real-time environment conditions of goods, location tracking
o Connected cabinets: Real-time stock level display, revenue reports, targeted advertising
• Finance:
o Usage-based Insurance Services
• Energy & Utilities:
o Smart Grid: Real-time network optimization with demand based generation, load-based distribution and smart metering capabilities
o Monitoring & Control: Remote monitoring operational metrics, such as pipeline pressure, temperature etc.
Vehicle Monitoring and Tracking System based on ARM7 and Android ApplicationIJMTST Journal
A vehicle monitoring and tracking system gives the better solutions in the security issues of various applications. Based on ARM7 and android application is designed and implemented for monitoring the vehicle based on location. Security to this system can be provided using finger print module for authentication purpose. The vehicle will be started only when the authorized person enters into the vehicle and provides finger print to biometric device so that by using this authentication process we can avoid misusing of vehicle and thefts. The GPS is a one of location reorganization technology that is used in several applications. GPS is also used for vehicle tracking and monitoring. The tracking system of our proposed system informs the location and route travelled by vehicle and also the GSM technology is used for sending alert message to mobile. In our proposed system we are making use of LPG Gas leakage sensor MQ2 and temperature sensor LM35 to provide a safety for the travelers.
Topics covered in this presentation:
Abbreviations
Types of Cards
SIM Card Memory Architecture
RUM-Classifications
NV Vs RUIM
PRL
USIM
UICC Vs ICC
A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System GPS and Global System for Mobile Communication GSM technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination. Ni Ni San Hlaing | Ma Naing | San San Naing ""GPS and GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23718.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23718/gps-and-gsm-based-vehicle-tracking-system/ni-ni-san-hlaing
M2M Telematics & Predictive Analytics White Paper by GopalakrishnaGopalakrishna Palem
As the global energy usage continues to surge, the confluence of M2M telematics and real-time analytics is the key for delivering green solutions.
" .. Take an example of electric vehicle (EV) that you drive home and connect to the electric grid, letting it figure out your next commute requirement from the calendar appointments on your hand-held or mobile, and your grid’s active load usage and non-peak hours from the energy provider, all summed up to auto-tune its own recharging schedule to reduce the load on grid while taking into account any emergency commutes that might be required based on your personal commute history and your associations – computed all without the need for slightest manual intervention, that’s M2M Telematics hand-in-hand with real-time analytics at work... "
CSPs are actively exploring the opportunities for providing M2M solutions to industry sectors such as:
• Automotive:
o Vehicle & Asset Tracking: Real-time GPS/GSM evaluation and tracking
o Fleet management: Real-time predictive maintenance, inventory control, optimal work-schedules
o Eco-routing: Real-time traffic monitoring systems for vehicle efficiency and passenger safety with cooperative M2M interactions
• Healthcare:
o Telemedicine: Health monitoring and remote medicine administration
o Assisted Living: Supportive sensor aids and safety guides
• Retail:
o Match sales: Real-time auctioning for buyer’s basket
o Supply chain monitoring: Real-time environment conditions of goods, location tracking
o Connected cabinets: Real-time stock level display, revenue reports, targeted advertising
• Finance:
o Usage-based Insurance Services
• Energy & Utilities:
o Smart Grid: Real-time network optimization with demand based generation, load-based distribution and smart metering capabilities
o Monitoring & Control: Remote monitoring operational metrics, such as pipeline pressure, temperature etc.
Vehicle Monitoring and Tracking System based on ARM7 and Android ApplicationIJMTST Journal
A vehicle monitoring and tracking system gives the better solutions in the security issues of various applications. Based on ARM7 and android application is designed and implemented for monitoring the vehicle based on location. Security to this system can be provided using finger print module for authentication purpose. The vehicle will be started only when the authorized person enters into the vehicle and provides finger print to biometric device so that by using this authentication process we can avoid misusing of vehicle and thefts. The GPS is a one of location reorganization technology that is used in several applications. GPS is also used for vehicle tracking and monitoring. The tracking system of our proposed system informs the location and route travelled by vehicle and also the GSM technology is used for sending alert message to mobile. In our proposed system we are making use of LPG Gas leakage sensor MQ2 and temperature sensor LM35 to provide a safety for the travelers.
Global system for mobile communication Introduction, GSM architecture, GSM interfaces, Signal processing in GSM,
Frame structure of GSM, Channels used in GSM
The GSM standard was developed by the Groupe SpecialMobile, which was an initiative of the Conference of European Post and Telecommunications (CEPT) administrations.
The responsibility for GSM standardization now resides with the
Special Mobile Group (SMG) under the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI).
Fully digital system utilizing the 900MHz frequency band.
TDMA over radiocarriers(200 kHz carrier spacing)
8 full rate or 16 half rate TDMA channels per carrier
User/terminal authentication for fraud control
Encryption of speech and data transmissions over the radio path
Full international roaming capability
Low speed data services (upto 9.6kb/s)
Compatibility with ISDN for supplementary services
Support of short message services(SMS)
GSM supports a range of basic and supplementary services, and these services are defined analogous to those for ISDN(i.e.,bearer services, teleservices, and supplementary services).
The most important service supported by GSM is Telephony.
Other services derived from telephony included in the GSM specification are emergency calling and voice messaging.
Bearer services supported in GSM include various asynchronous and synchronous data services for information transfer.
Teleservices based on these bearer services include group 3 fax and short message service(SMS)
The data capabilities of GSM have now been enhanced to include high speed circiut-switched data(HSCSD) and general packet radio service (GPRS).
Call offering services call forwarding
Call resrtiction services call barring
Call waiting service
Call hold service
Multi party service tele conferencing
Calling line presentation restriction services
Advice of charge service
Closed user group service
The GSM System comprises of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controllers (BSC), Mobile Switching Centers (MSC), and set of registers (databases) to assist in mobility management and security functions.
All signaling between the MSC and the various registers (databases) as well as between the MSCs takes place using the Signaling System 7(SS7) network, with the application level messages using the Mobile Application Protocol (MAP) designed specifically for GSM.
The MAP protocol utilizes the lower layer functions from the SS7 protocol stack.
Mobile Networks Architecture and Security (2G to 5G)
+ Mobile Networks History 2G/3G/4G/LTE/5G
+ CS/PS/EPC/5GC Core Network Elements Overview
+ Mobile Networks Basic Scenarios
+ Mobile Network Security
+ Authentication / Ciphering
Global system for mobile communication(GSM)Jay Nagar
~Introduction
~GSM Architecture
~GSM Entities
~SMS Service In GSM
~Call Routing In GSM
~PLMN Interfaces
~GSM Addresses and Identifiers
~Network aspects in GSM
~Handover
~Mobility Management
~GSM Frequency Allocation
~Authentication and Security In GSM
Problems on understanding old radiomobile technologies? Do you need something fast and useful for refreshing your knowledgs? Have a look on this document! Very easy and customized for everybody...from beginners to advanced engineers!
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
5. Radio SubSystems(RSS)
Consist of Mobile Station (MS) and Base Station
Subsystems (BSS)
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
6. Radio SubSystems(RSS)
Consist of Mobile Station (MS) and Base Station
Subsystems (BSS)
RSS connected with NSS via A Interface & to the OSS
via O Interface.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
7. Radio SubSystems(RSS)
Consist of Mobile Station (MS) and Base Station
Subsystems (BSS)
RSS connected with NSS via A Interface & to the OSS
via O Interface.
A interface is typically based on circuit switched PCM 3.0
Subsystems(2.048 M bit/s)
can carry 30 64 kbps connection.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
8. Radio SubSystems(RSS)
Consist of Mobile Station (MS) and Base Station
Subsystems (BSS)
RSS connected with NSS via A Interface & to the OSS
via O Interface.
A interface is typically based on circuit switched PCM 3.0
Subsystems(2.048 M bit/s)
can carry 30 64 kbps connection.
O interface uses signaling system no. 7 (SS7) based on
X.25 for carrying management data To and From.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
9. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Incharge of Transmission and Reception.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
10. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Incharge of Transmission and Reception.
Consist of BSC and one of more BTS.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
11. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Incharge of Transmission and Reception.
Consist of BSC and one of more BTS.
BSS Maintain radio connection to an MS and
MSC(Mobile Switching Centre).
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
12. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Incharge of Transmission and Reception.
Consist of BSC and one of more BTS.
BSS Maintain radio connection to an MS and
MSC(Mobile Switching Centre).
Coding/ Decoding of voice , rate adaption to /from the
wireless network part.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
13. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Incharge of Transmission and Reception.
Consist of BSC and one of more BTS.
BSS Maintain radio connection to an MS and
MSC(Mobile Switching Centre).
Coding/ Decoding of voice , rate adaption to /from the
wireless network part.
BSS translates between wireless interface and fixed wired
infrastructure protocols.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
14. Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
Centre of Cell, Consist of all radio equipment (Antennas)
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
15. Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
Centre of Cell, Consist of all radio equipment (Antennas)
Signaling equipment to operate over air interface.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
16. Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
Centre of Cell, Consist of all radio equipment (Antennas)
Signaling equipment to operate over air interface.
Hand - offs of calls between two BTSs under the control
of same BSC.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
17. Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
Centre of Cell, Consist of all radio equipment (Antennas)
Signaling equipment to operate over air interface.
Hand - offs of calls between two BTSs under the control
of same BSC.
Abis interface connect BTS to BSC, carries traffic and
maintenance data.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
18. Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
Centre of Cell, Consist of all radio equipment (Antennas)
Signaling equipment to operate over air interface.
Hand - offs of calls between two BTSs under the control
of same BSC.
Abis interface connect BTS to BSC, carries traffic and
maintenance data.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
19. Base Station Controller(BSC)
A Small Switch, incharge of Frequency administration,
maintains appropriate power levels of the signal and hand
off among BTSs inside BSS.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
20. Base Station Controller(BSC)
A Small Switch, incharge of Frequency administration,
maintains appropriate power levels of the signal and hand
off among BTSs inside BSS.
BSC also multiplexes the radio channels onto the fixed
n/w connections at the A interface.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
21. Base Station Controller(BSC)
A Small Switch, incharge of Frequency administration,
maintains appropriate power levels of the signal and hand
off among BTSs inside BSS.
BSC also multiplexes the radio channels onto the fixed
n/w connections at the A interface.
Traffic Measurement, Authentication, Location Registray,
Loction updates,, Handover Management, Encryption,
Decryption, Paging, Frequency hopping.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
22. Base Station Controller(BSC)
A Small Switch, incharge of Frequency administration,
maintains appropriate power levels of the signal and hand
off among BTSs inside BSS.
BSC also multiplexes the radio channels onto the fixed
n/w connections at the A interface.
Traffic Measurement, Authentication, Location Registray,
Loction updates,, Handover Management, Encryption,
Decryption, Paging, Frequency hopping.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
23. Mobile Station (MS)
Comprised of User equipment and Software for GSM
Communication.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
24. Mobile Station (MS)
Comprised of User equipment and Software for GSM
Communication.
MS has ME (Mobile Terminal) and SIM(Subscriber
Identification Module).
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
25. Mobile Station (MS)
Comprised of User equipment and Software for GSM
Communication.
MS has ME (Mobile Terminal) and SIM(Subscriber
Identification Module).
SIM has flash memory and mobile network codes.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
26. Mobile Station (MS)
Comprised of User equipment and Software for GSM
Communication.
MS has ME (Mobile Terminal) and SIM(Subscriber
Identification Module).
SIM has flash memory and mobile network codes.
MS can be identified using IMEI(International Mobile
Equipment Identifier).
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
27. Mobile Station (MS)
Comprised of User equipment and Software for GSM
Communication.
MS has ME (Mobile Terminal) and SIM(Subscriber
Identification Module).
SIM has flash memory and mobile network codes.
MS can be identified using IMEI(International Mobile
Equipment Identifier).
Authentication based on SIM and not Device.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
28. SIM Details
A subscriber identity module or subscriber identification
module (SIM) is an integrated circuit that is intended to
securely store the international mobile subscriber identity
(IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify
and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices
(such as mobile phones and computers).
The most important part of the SIM card is its
Microcontroller. It is a paper sized chip which is a typical
ROM with a size between 64 KB to 512 KB. The RAM size
ranges between 1KB to 8KB while the EEPROM size is in
between 16KB to 512 KB. The ROM contains the OS or
operating system for the card, while the EEPROM contains
data called personalization that includes security keys, phone
book, SMS settings etc. The operating voltage of SIM maybe,
1.8V, 3V or 5V but the operating voltages of most of the
modern SIM support 5V, 3V and 1.8V.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
29. Vcc : Power supply voltage at VCC Vpp : Programming
voltage at VPP
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
30. SIM cards store network-specific information used to
authenticate and identify subscribers on the network. The
most important of these are the ICCID, IMSI, Authentication
Key (Ki), Local Area Identity (LAI) and Operator-Specific
Emergency Number. The SIM also stores other carrier-specific
data such as the SMSC (Short Message Service Center)
number, Service Provider Name (SPN), Service Dialing
Numbers (SDN), Advice-Of-Charge parameters and Value
Added Service (VAS) applications.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)
31. ICCID
Each SIM is internationally identified by its integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID). ICCIDs are stored in the SIM
cards and are also engraved or printed on the SIM card body during a process called personalisation.
IMSI
SIM cards are identified on their individual operator networks by a unique International Mobile Subscriber Identity
(IMSI). Mobile network operators connect mobile phone calls and communicate with their market SIM cards using
their IMSIs.
Authentication key (Ki)
The Ki is a 128-bit value used in authenticating the SIMs on a GSM mobile network.
Location area identity
The SIM stores network state information, which is received from the Location Area Identity (LAI). Operator
networks are divided into Location Areas, each having a unique LAI number.
SMS messages and contacts
Most SIM cards store a number of SMS messages and phone book contacts. It stores the contacts in simple ”name
and number” pairs.
www.rsmangrulkar.com Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)