Children in preschool years grow slowly in height and weight gain. Their physical development includes learning skills like running, jumping, balancing and catching balls. Psychosocial development at this stage includes developing initiative, egocentric thought and separation anxiety. Preschoolers' language skills grow significantly between ages 3-5 years as their vocabulary expands.

5. Children in preschool years grow relatively
slowly. They become taller and thinner without
gaining weight
•Weight Approximately 12.5-16.5 kg (27.5-36.3 Ibs).
Has gained 2.27 kg (5 Ib) during third year
•Height Approximately 90.5-101.5 cm (35.5-40 in)
Gained 8 cm (3inch) in third year
•Pulse 105 ± 15 (average 95 beats/minute)
•Respirations 25 ± 5 per minute
•Blood pressure 100 ± 24
67 + 25

7. Walks a straight line

8. Walks backward
Walks on tiptoes

9. Runs without looking at feet
Catches ball with extended arms

10. Kicks a ball

11. Jumps from a height of several inches

13. Builds a tower of 9-10 blocks

14. Copies a circle
Uses blunt scissors with one hand to cut
Shows preference for handedness
Puts beads on string
Can help with simple household tasks (dusting, Etc)

16. Dressing Skills
Can put on coat without assistance
Can undress self in most instances
Toileting and Grooming Skills

17. Can pull pants up and down
Can go to toilet alone
Brushes teeth with help

18. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
•Visual acuity 20/20
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Beginning development of sense of initiative (3-5 years)
•Negative counterpart: guilt
•Egocentric in thought and behavior
•Alternates between reality and imagination
•Able to share but expresses idea of "mine"
•Less dependent on parents but needs reassurance and help
•Tolerates short separations from parents
•Significant decrease in ritualism and negativism

19. Fears the dark
May have dreams and nightmares
Knows own sex

20. PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
•Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
SPIRITUALDEVELOPMENT
•Intuitive-Projective Faith
PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT
•Sub stage I: Pre conceptual (2-4 years) characterized by
language acquisition
•Sub stage II: Intuitive stage (4-7 years); egocentric
preschooler bases problem solution on only one aspect
•Tries to please and conforms to requests
•Characteristics of thought include animism and realism
•Able to follow directional commands
•Has a beginning understanding of time

21. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Pre conventional Morality Stage 1 (2 to 3 years)
RECEPTIVELANGUAGE
•Can obey two prepositional commands (i.e. on, under)
EXPRESSIVELANGUAGE
•Uses 4-word sentences--asks why, uses plurals
•Gives sex and full name
•Names figures in a picture
•Has vocabulary of 800-1000words
•Child should be intelligible 90% of time
•Likes things that squish, move, talk, and make noise
•Books about known things

22. Crayons, paints

23. Climbing apparatus

24. Transportation toys: tricycle. Wagons, dump trucks, doll,
carriage
Play telephone, Busy-Box, music, record players

25. Single puzzles, toy dishes, soap bubbles

28. PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
•Weight Approximately 13.5-19.5 kg (29.7-42.9 Ibs). Has
gained 2.27 kg (5 Ib) during the fourth year
•Height Approximately 95-109 cm (37.5-43.3 in) has
Increased 8 cm (3 in) in fourth year. Has doubled birth length
•Pulse 100 ± 10 beats per minute (average 92 beats/minute)
•Respirations 24 ± 4 per minute
•Blood pressure 100/66 ± 20
•Usually dry at night

30. Runs on tiptoes
Balances on one foot 3-5 seconds jumps from greater heights

31. •Pedals a tricycle quickly; turns sharp corners
•Catches ball with extended arms and with hands
•Hops on preferred foot
•Climbs ladders, trees, playground equipment
•Alternates feet when descending stairs

33. Copies a square
Draws a simple face
Cuts around picture with scissors

35. •Feeding Skills
•Manages spoon with little spilling
•Eats with fork held in fingers

36. Dressing Skills
Buttons side buttons, small buttons

37. Can put on socks with help
Puts on shoes (not laces) without help
•Knows back from front of clothes
•Toileting and Grooming Skills
•May bathe self, with assistance

38. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
•Visual acuity: 20/20
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Sense of Initiative (3-5 years)
•Egocentric - unable to see others' viewpoints and can't
understand why others don’t see child's trends to be
impatient and selfish
•Usually separates easily from parents
•Physically and verbally aggressive
•Still has fears dreams and nightmares continue
•Sexually curious
•Demonstrates strong attachment for parent of opposite sex
•Jealousy of siblings may be evident

39. •More cooperative in play
•Although reminds others of ownership
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
•Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Intuitive – projective Faith

40. PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT
•Sub stage I (2-4 years)
•Sub stage II (4-7 years)
•Classifies objects according to one characteristic
•Not able to conserve matter
•Continues to believe thoughts cause events
•Obeys because parents set limits, not because of understanding
between right and wrong
•Highly imaginative
•Concept of time improving, especially in relation to sequence of daily
routines
•Uses alibis to excuse behavior
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Pre conventional Morality
•Stage 2 (4-7 Years)
•You do it for me. I'll do it for you

41. RECEPTIVELANGUAGE
•Understands directives (on. under, in back in front)
EXPRESSIVELANGUAGE
•Names one or more colors correctly
•Uses "I"
•Counts to 5
•May use profanity for attention
•Uses 3- to 7-word sentence
•Has a vocabulary of 1500 words
•Plays cooperatively with others
•Interested in world
Play
•Hand puppets, doll house and furniture, costume box, doll, nurse or
doctor kit to stimulate imagination
•Blackboard, chalk, paste, paper, scissors, clay, finger paints to stimulate
creativity
•Sliding boards, swings, work bench blocks of all sizes, garden toys,
Tinker Toys to encourage motor activities

43. •Weight Approximately 15.4-21.4 kg (33.9-47 Ib). Has
gained 2.27 kg (Sib) during the fifth year
•Height Approximately 103-1 15 cm (40-45.3 in)
Gained 8 cm (3 in) in fifth year
•Pulse 95 ± 15 (average 90 beats/minute)
•Respiration 22 ± 3 per minute
•Blood pressure 100/60 ± 14/10
•Head size Adult size nearly reached
•Anticipates immediate toilet needs
GROSSMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
•Skips, alternates feet

44. Jumps rope and jumps over objects

45. •Walks a balance beam
•Imitates dance steps if taught

46. •Catches a ball smoothly with hands
•Balances on one foot 8-10 seconds
•Roller skates

47. FINEMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
•Copies a triangle
•Crosses vertical lines
•Copies letters; may be able to print own name
•Draws a three-part man

48. SELF-CARE
•Feeding Skills
•Selects fork over spoon when appropriate
Dressing Skills

49. •May be able to lace shoes

50. Manages zippers in back
Toileting and Grooming Skills
Wipes self independently
Flushes toilet after each use
Bathes self
Combs hair with help

51. •Can blow nose when asked
SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
•Visual acuity: 20/20
PSYCHOSOCIAL
•Sense of Initiative (3-5 years)
•Continuous to be egocentric
•Separates easily from parents
•Independent and trustworthy
•Has fantasies and day dreams
•Looks for parental
•Encouragement and support
•Engages in cooperative play industrious
•Appropriately relates to adults outside family
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
•Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
•Intuitive – projective Faith

52. PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT
•Sub stage 11(4-7 years)
•Classifies objects according to relationships that are similar
•Accurately describes events
•Aware of cultural differences
•Matter-of-fact about differences in others
•Time orientation improving-using words with increased meanings
•Very curious
RECEPTNELANGUAGE
•Carries out instruction with three suggested tasks,
•Le"wash, dry, sit down
EXPRESSNELANGUAGE
•Names primary colors
•Asks meaning of words
•Names penny, nickel, dime
•Repeats sentence of 12 or more syllables

53. •Counts 1 to 10

54. •Has a vocabulary of 2100 words
•Plays competitive exercise games
•Loves to transport things in trucks, cars, wagons

55. Provide:
•Simple games for competitive and team play (photo 23)
•See-saw, jungle gym, sleds, jump rope, and skates for motor activity
•Construction toys, paper dolls, opportunities for collecting
•nature specimens for creative activity
•Color sets, books, and puzzles for quiet play

56. CONCLUSION:
From the class we have learnt about
Growth and Development of Pre Schooler,
and now we can able to recognize the
growth and development of pre schooler
and we can able to take care of that age
group children. This class helps us to
provide a comprehensive care for pre
schooler according to their needs.