GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR PRE-SCHOOL CHILD YEARS

1. MILESTONES OF THE CHILD
PRESCHOOL

3. INTRODUCTION
 Growth and development is the unique process in every child’s life which occurs in a
sequence during different stages of development. It is an essential feature of life of a
child that distinguishes him or her from an adult.
 The process of growth starts from the time of conception and continues until child grow
into adult.
 Preschooler continue to need physical affection and love. School children continue to
learn values and competencies they will bring into the adult world.

4. DEFINITION
 Growth:- It refers to an increase in physical size of the whole body of its parts and it can
be measured in inches or centimeters and in pounds or kilograms.
 Development:- It refers to progressive increase in skills and capacity to function.
 Preschool Child (3-5Years):- A child not yet old enough for school.
 Schooler Period (6-12Years):- The old enough to go to school

5.  Physical Growth And Development:-
 Grows relatively slow.
 Become taller and thinner without gaining much weight.
 Approximately 14kg and height Approximately 95cm.
 Pulse & Respiration is similar to adults.
 Blood Pressure:-100±24/67±25 mmHg.
 Walks erect and swings arms.
 Rapid skeletal development.
 Loses baby fat and tummy.
3 YEARS

6. 3 YEARS
 Motor development:-
a. Gross Motor:-
 Hops on one foot.
 Rides tricycle.
 Can undress self in most situations.
 Catches soft objects with both hand.
 Goes upstairs using alternate feet but may
still come down by placing both feet on each
step.

7. b. Fine Motor:-
 Build a tower of 9 -10 blocks.
 Copies a circle.
 Use scissor to cut.
 Can go to toilet alone.
3 YEARS

8.  Language Development:-
 Vocabulary of 800- 1000 words
 Ask many questions.
 Names body parts.
 Uses 4-5 word sentences.
 Sensory Development:-
 Color vision fully intact.
 Visual acuity is 20/20.
3 YEARS

9.  Psychosocial development:-
 Separates easily form mothers.
 Begins to share.
 Fears dark.
 Knows own sex and that of other.
 Learn simple games but follows own rules.
3 YEARS

10. 4 YEARS
Physical Growth And Development:-
 Weight is about 16 kg.
 Growth is slow.
 Height is about 109cm.
 Blood pressure 100/66±20mmHg.
Motor development:-
 Gross Motor:-
 Skips and hops on foot.
 Dresses without supervision.
 Catches ball with extended arm and with hands.
 Walks downstairs using alternate feet.

11. 4YEARS
 Fine Motor:-
 Copies a square.
 Draw a simple face.
 Cut around pictures with scissors
 Cognitive Development:-
 Highly imaginative.
 Obeys commands because of parents
fear and not because of
understanding between right and
wrong.

12. Language Development:-
 Uses sentences 4-6 words.
 Questioning is at peak.
 Knows nursery rhymes and
simple songs.
 Tells exaggerated stories.
Psychosocial Development:-
 Very independent.
 Is aggressive.
 Tends to selfish and impatient.
 Tells family talks to others without any restraints.
 Sibling rivalry present.
4 YEARS

13. 5 YEARS
 Physical Growth and Development
 Average Weight :- 18kg.
 Height:- Approximately 115cm.
 Pulse :- 95±15 beats/minute.
 Respiration:- 24±4 breaths/minute.
 Blood Pressure:- 100/60 ±14/10 mmHg.
 Tooth decay may present.

14. 5 YEARS
Gross Motor:-
 Skips alternate feet.
 Jumps ropes.
 Imitates dance step if taught.
 Throws and catches ball well.
Fine Motor:-
 Copies a triangle.
 Copies letters, may be able to print own name.
 Ties shoes laces.
 Uses scissors and simple tools.

15. Intellectual Development:-
 Accurately describes events.
 Time orientation present.
 Able to classify objects according to relationships that are similar.
5 YEARS

16. Language Development:-
 Uses sentences of 4-6 words.
 Describe pictures with much comments and description.
Psychosocial Development
 Play is associative.
 Try to follow rules but may cheat to avoid losing.
 Looks for parent support and encouragement.
5 YEARS

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Marlow R Dorothy, “Textbook of Pediatrics Nursing” , 6th Edition, Elsevier Publishers,
Page No:- 888-901, 1004 – 1018
 K.P. Neerja, “Textbook of Growth and Development for Nursing students”, 1st Edition,
2006, Jaypee Publisher, Page No:- 142-200
 Panchali Pal, “ Textbook of Pediatric Nursing” , 1st Edition, 2016, Paras Medical
Publisher, Page No:- 76-80
 Rimple Sharma, “Essentials of Pediatrics Nursing”, 1st Edition, 2013, Jaypee Publishers,
Page No 87-95