The document discusses developmental milestones in children. It defines developmental milestones as abilities achieved by certain ages involving physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills. It provides tables listing normal developmental milestones by age, including the average age of achieving milestones like sitting, crawling, walking and language development. The document also discusses the different domains of development - gross motor, fine motor, speech/language, cognition and socio-emotional. It explains that development in one domain influences and is influenced by other domains.

1. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES?
A DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE IS AN ABILITY THAT MOST CHILDREN
ACHIEVE BY A CERTAIN AGE. THESE MILESTONES CAN INVOLVE PHYSICAL,
SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS SUCH AS
WALKING, SHARING WITH OTHERS, EXPRESSING EMOTIONS,
RECOGNIZING FAMILIAR SOUNDS, AND TALKING.
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?
DEVELOPMENT IS THE PROCESS OF FUNCTIONAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL
MATURATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL.

2. NORMAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES-
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES AVERAGE AGE OF ACHIEVEMENT
SOCIAL SMILE 0-3 MONTHS
NECK HOLDING 2-3 MONTHS
ROLLING- SUPINE TO PRONE 4-6 MONTHS
PRONE TO SUPINE 4-6 MONTHS
CREEPING 6-8 MONTHS
CRAWLING 6-8 MONTHS
QUADRUPAD 7-9 MONTHS
HALF KNEELING 9-11 MONTHS
KNEELING 9-11 MONTHS
SITTING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 4-7 MONTHS / 5-9 MONTHS
STANDING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 10-12 MONTHS / 11-12 MONTHS
WALKING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 10-12 MONTHS / 12-15 MONTHS
RUNNING 19-20 MONTHS
JUMPING 23-24 MONTHS

3. Physical milestone Cognitive milestone
Social and emotional
milestone
Speech and
communication
milestone
DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

4. Development of one domain.
Development of other
domains.
Influences/guideinfluenced
DEVELOPMENT IN ONE DOMAIN INFLUENCES AND IS INFLUENCED BY THE DEVELOPMENT IN
OTHER DOMAINS.

5. Domains
Age group
Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional
0-3 months • flexed (Bent)
position
• lift head up to
45°
• Fisted hands.
• bring both hands
together in the centre
• responds to
different sounds.
• Cooing sound.
• Watches hands.
• Explores env by
looking around.
• Looks to find for
caregiver.
• Respond
positively to
touch.
• Smile and show
pleasure in
response to social
stimulation.
3-6 months • pulls self to
sitting and
tripod position.
• Tracks objects side to
side, crossing the
midline.
• Recognizes and
Looks toward
person talking to
him.
• Laughs
• Hits hanging objects
• Looks for dropped
obj.
• Pays attention to
own name.
• Stretches arm to
be picked up

6. Domains
Age group
Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional
6-9 months • Rolling on both
sides.
• Creeps on the
abdomen.
• Holds objects using the
thumb side of the
hand.
• Points at object using
index finger
• Child responds
to name call.
• Produces early
babbling,
frequently
heard sounds
like “ baba,
dada”.
• Drops one or both
objects held in
hand to obtain a
third object.
• Distinguish
friends from
strangers.
• Respond
actively to
language and
gestures.
9-12 months • able to sit up
from lying
position
• Child pulls
himself/ herself
to standing
• Catches rolling
ball
• Holds bottle and
crayon or chalk and
attempts fisted
scribbling.
• Voluntary release
objects
• follow simple
commands like
“come here”,
“Put that
Down”.
• Pushes button of
switches, toys,
gadgets.
• Shows interest in
picture books.
• Claps hands and
waves good-bye.
• Hugs doll or
animal.
• Mimic simple
actions

7. 2-3 years • Ride a tricycle.
• Walk down the
stairs with no
railing.
• Imitates vertical and
horizontal lines.
• Unscrews lids of
container. Copies a
circle
• Tells three-to-
four-word
sentences.
• Starts asking
what, who,
where, why?
• Recognizes missing
part of a picture/
toy.
• Matches box or
marbles that are of
same colour
• Show awareness
of gender
identity.
• Indicate toileting
needs.
• Help to dress
and undress
themselves.
1-2 years • Running and
jumping.
• picks up small objects
like rice grain, thread
with thumb and index
finger
• Turns pages, 1 at a
time.
• Build tower.
• Imitates animal
noises.
• Identifies body
parts,
surrounding
objects and
family members
• Functional object
use like brushes
own hair with
brush, pushes toy
car.
• Imitates using real
props like sweeps
with broom, bangs
with hammer
• Shows affection.
• Play by
themselves and
initiate their own
play.
• Express negative
feelings.
Domains
Age group
Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional

8. Domains
Age group
Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional
3-4 years • starts to hop.
• Walks
backward in
line
• Copies cross, draws
two-to-four-part
person.
• Cuts paper in half.
• Follows three-
step commands.
• Speaks complex
sentences.
• Reports on past
events, creates
imaginary roles.
• Self-talks to
problem-solve
• Share toys,
taking turns with
assistance.
• Initiate or join in
play with other
children and
make up games.
4-5 years • Catches ball.
• Child Balances
on one foot for
10 s.
• Copies square.
• Washes and dries hands
thoroughly.
• Make tripod pencil
grasp.
• 100% speech
intelligible.
• Starts meaningful
counting up to 10
objects.
• Copies written
word.
• develops
friendships.
• Enjoy
imaginative play
with other
children, like
dress up or
house.

9. Development
in/of
Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walkin
g
Features 1. Postural
stability of the
head
2. Postural
stability of
shoulder
girdle
1. postural
stabilization
(P.S.)of head
Head control is
raising,
holding and
head turning
2. P.S. shoulder
girdle
1. P.S. vertical
head control
2. P.S. shoulder
girdle
1. Antigravity
support or
weight
bearing on
feet.
2. P.S. head on
the trunk.
Features Achieved with different positions

10. Development
in/of
Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walking
Features 3. P.S. pelvis
4.Counterpoising
of head
5.Counterpoising
the arm
movement
3. P.S. pelvis
4.Counterpoising
limbs in air.
3. P.S. head and
trunk.
4. Sitting
counterpoising
head, arm,
trunk and leg
movements.
3. Control of
antero-
posterior
weight shift.
4. Control of
lateral sway.
5. Counterpoising
in standing
position with
support(9-
12mos) and
without
support (12-18
mos)
Features Achieved with different positions

11. Development
in/of
Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walkin
g
Features
Features Achieved with different positions

12. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
Development
in/of
prone Supine Sitting Standing
Age: 0-3 months
stabilisation
weight
bearing
motion
Head lag
Body held

13. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
Development in/of prone supine sitting standing
Age:3-6 months
stabilisation
weight
bearing
motion

14. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
Development
in/of
prone supine sitting standing
Age:6-9 months
stabilisation
weight
bearing
motion

15. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
Development in/of prone supine sitting standing
Age:9-12 mos
stabilisation
weight
bearing
motion

16. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
Development in/of prone supine sitting standing
Age:12-18 mos
stabilisation
weight
bearing
motion