The document discusses growth and development in preschoolers between ages 3-5 years. It covers biological, psychological, moral and social development during this stage. Biologically, growth slows and physical skills refine. Psychologically, children develop initiative and cognitive skills like language improve. Morally, they follow basic rules. Socially, independence grows but security needs remain. Play is important for development during this stage of life.
This includes the physical development , motor - gross and fine motor development , language development , intellectual development , psychosocial development , play, common health problems and areas of health education of the school aged children .(6 - 12 years)
Defines and explains the Physical, Physiological, Gross motor and fine motor, Sensory, Language and Speech Development, Needs of a toddler and accident prevention in toddlers
This includes the physical development , motor - gross and fine motor development , language development , intellectual development , psychosocial development , play, common health problems and areas of health education of the school aged children .(6 - 12 years)
Defines and explains the Physical, Physiological, Gross motor and fine motor, Sensory, Language and Speech Development, Needs of a toddler and accident prevention in toddlers
it is uploaded to nurse educator to teach students about unit -2 healthy child in pediatric nursing. it also help the para medics & general public about normal growth & development of child. it also help to identify deviation from normal growth.
Pre-schoolers: growth, development, nutritional and cognitive developmentPreethi Sivagnanam
this ppt describes about the importance of food during pre-school period, growth and development during this period, need for planning a nutritious diet and states the cognitive development during this period.
physical development, physiological development, motor development,cognitive development, sensory development , moral development, language development, spiritual development and play stimulation of toddler .
it is uploaded to nurse educator to teach students about unit -2 healthy child in pediatric nursing. it also help the para medics & general public about normal growth & development of child. it also help to identify deviation from normal growth.
Pre-schoolers: growth, development, nutritional and cognitive developmentPreethi Sivagnanam
this ppt describes about the importance of food during pre-school period, growth and development during this period, need for planning a nutritious diet and states the cognitive development during this period.
physical development, physiological development, motor development,cognitive development, sensory development , moral development, language development, spiritual development and play stimulation of toddler .
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdfannammalassociates
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and psychosocial.
Physical development:
Individual growth varies according to genetics, gender, culture and socioeconomic status.
Physical development starts at infancy and can last till late adolescence. It is generally divided
into eight stages being infancy; early, mid and late childhood; adolescence; early adulthood;
middle age and old age.Specific physical changes occur at each stage of physical development.
Physical development concentrates on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty which
includes developing a control over the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination.
Gross motor skills involves moving the large muscles in the body like the arms and legs,
consciously and deliberately. It also involves balancing and stability with movements like
jumping, skipping, throwing, catching, hopping, kicking, running and galloping.
Fine motor skills involves controlling small muscles in the hands and wrists. This is achieved by
using small objects like handling scissors and writing instruments.Fine motor skills generally
follow gross motor development.
Physical growth at the infancy stage is rapid. Ther weight of the infant generally doubles over a
period of 6 months. The infant grows by 10-12 inches in length( or height) and the the
propartions change over a period of two years. The size of the head also decreases.The
subcortical areas of brain start developing first followed by cortical areas. At birth, the barin
weighs 25% of and adult brain which increases to 80% by puberty.
Physical development at childhood is rapid. By the end of second year, most children can
standup,walk/run, climb stairs, jump, and skip. From ages 4-5 they develop more speed and
agility and posture control. Fine motor skills start developing at this stage.
Physical development at adolescence starts with the beginning of puberty and ends with
adulthood. The physical age ranges from 12-18 years. At puberty distinctive physiological
changes occur, which involve increase in height, weight, sex characteristics, body composition
and internal systems. These changes are influenced by changes in hormone activity (growth
hormones, thyroid hormones and androgens).
Males develop a deeper voice during puberty and females develop breasts and increased hip size
start menstruation.
Physical development at early adulthood is observed at ages 20-40 years. At this period the
physical abilities are at their peak like muscle strength, sensory abilities, cardiac functioning etc.
One also starts aging at this period. Age related changes now varies to a great extent depending
on the biological factors like molecular and cellular changes and also choice of lifestyle. Aging
process starts during early adulthood and is characterized by changes in skin, vision and
reproductive capability. Women reach a menopause
Physical development at middle age is characterized by failing organs and body functions,
wrinled skin, lo.
Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
This course deals with the study of the patterns of human development especially focusing on the cognitive, biological, social, moral and emotional development of the child and adolescent learners.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Practice Teaching
on
Growth & Development Assessment Of
Preschooler
Submitted By:
Mr. Chirag Christian
Ist Year M.Sc Nursing
Sumandeep Nursing College
3. The process of growth and development starts before the baby
born, i.e from the conception in the mother womb. The period
extends throughout the life cycle. But the principle changes
occur from the conception to the end of adolescence. Growth
and development are closely related. Each child has
individualized pattern of growth and development. Promotion
of the child health and care of children depends up on the
understanding of the growth and development.
4. Definition
Growth:-
It the process of physical maturation resulting an increase in the size of
the body and various organs. It occurs by multiplication of cells and an
increase in intracellular substance. It is quantitative change of the body
which can be measured in inches/centimetres and pounds/ kilogram. It
is progressive and measurable phenomenon.
5. Cont…………..
Development:-
It is the process of functional and physiological maturation of the individual.
It is progressive increase in the skill and capacity of function. It is related to
the maturation and myelination of the nervous system. It includes
psychological, emotional, and social changes. It is a qualitative aspect of
maturation and difficult to measure. It is orderly, not haphazard and having
direct relation between each stage and the next.
6. Characteristic Of Growth And Development:-
It is continuous and orderly process with individual
difference and is unique to each child
It processes by stages and its sequence is predictable
and same in all the children but there may be difference
in the time of achievement.
There is coordination between increase in size and
maturation.
They proceed in cephalocaudal and proximaodistal
direction.
7. Cont………….
Initial mass activities and movements are replaced by the
complex process of the individualized change
Rate of growth and development is inter related and rapid
in infancy and in puberty but slows in pre-school and
school age.
Growth and development depends on combination of many
interdependent factors especially by heredity and
environment.
8. Stages Of Growth And Development:-
It can be classified in to two stages
Intrauterine / prenatal period
Extrauterine / postnatal period
10. Cont……………
During the period of the preschooler the child goes various
changes which is slower in nature which as follows……
Biological Development
Psychological Development
Moral Development
Social Development
Play
Sex Education
Fear
11. Biological Development
The rate of physical growth slows and stabilizes during the
preschooler period
The average weight is 14.5 kg at years, 16.7 kg at 4 years
and 18.5 kg at 5 years.
The average weight gain remains the same approximately 2
to 3 kg.
weight
12. Cont………..
Growth in height also remains steady, with a yearly increase
of 6.5 to 9 cm and generally occurs by elongation of the legs
rather than the trunk
Height
13. Cont……………
In preschooler physical properties are the body is sturdy,
graceful, agile, and posturally erect.
15. Cont …………….
For the most part, motor development consist of increases in
strength and refinement of previous learned skills, such as
walking, running, and jumping.
16. Gross And Fine Motor Skills
Refinement in eye hand and muscle coordination is evident in
several areas.
17. At the age of 3 years child can ride tricycle, walk on tiptoe,
balance on one foot for few seconds, and a broad jump.
22. Psychological Development
The psychological Development is further classified in two
categories
Developing A Sense Of Initiative
Cognitive Development
23. Developing A Sense Of Initiative
At this stage child are in a stage of energetic learning. They
play, work, and live to the fullest and feel a real sense of
accomplishment and satisfaction in their activities.
24. Cognitive Development
One of the task related to the preschooler period is redness
of the school and scholastic learning.
25. Preoperational Phase:- (Piaget)
This covers the age group of 2 to 7 years of children and it is
divided in two stages
The preconceptual phase which is at the age of 2 to 4 years
The phase of intuitive thoughts at the age of 4 to 7 years
In this stage there is a complete transfer of the behaviour from
egocentric to social awareness and ability to consider other
viewpoints.
26. Cont………….
Language continuous to develop and during this stage the child
becomes to understand and enlightening method is play.
Preschooler increasingly use the language without comprehending the
meaning of words, particularly then concept of right and left, causality,
and time.
Children may use the concept correctly but only in circumstances in
which they have learned them. Causality resembles the logical
thoughts.
Preschoolers explain the concept as they heard it describes by other,
but there understanding is limited.
29. Cont…………….
Young children development of moral judgement is at the
most basic level.
They have a little if any concern about why something is
wrong. They behave because of freedom or restriction that is
placed on action.
In the punishment and obedience orientation, children judge
whether the action is good or bad depending on whether it
result in reward or punishment.
If children are punished the action is bad, and if they are not
punished for it the Action is good regardless of the meaning
of the act.
31. Cont……………
Children gradually learn about the faith and religion from significant others
in their environment, from their parents and their religious belief and
practice.
However the learning of the spiritual belief is influenced by the cognitive
level. Preschooler have concrete concept of God with physical characteristic,
often similar to an imaginary friend.
They understand simple Bible stories and memorise short prayer, and
imitates the religious practice for their parents without fully understanding
the significance of there rituals.
32. Development Of Body Image
They recognize the difference in skin colour and racial
identity and vulnerable to learning prejudices and biases.
33. Cont…………..
They are aware of the words like pretty and ugly, and the
reflect the opinion of others regarding their own
appearance.
34. Cont…………..
By years of age children compare their size with that of
their peers and can become conscious of being large or short,
especially if others refer to them as “so long” or “so short”
for their age.
35. Cont…………….
They also have poorly defined body boundaries and little
knowledge of their internal anatomy.
Intrusive experience is frightening especially those that
disrupt the integrity of the skin, such as injection and
surgery.
36. Development of Sexuality
In this age duration preschooler develops strong attachment
towards opposite sex parent while identifying the same sex
parent.
37. Social Development
During the preschooler period separation-individuation
process is completed. They have overcome much of the
anxiety associated with strangers and the fear of separation
forms their parents with little or no protest.
38. Cont………….
However they still needs the parental security, reassurance,
guidance, and approval, especially when entering in
preschooler or elementary school.
39. They can cope with change in daily routine much better than
toddlers, although they may develop more imaginary fear.
Preschooler gain security and comfort from familiar objects,
such as toy, dolls, or photograph of family members.
40. Language
The language becomes more sophisticated and complex and
becomes a major mode of communication and social
interaction. They learn to express feeling of frustration or
anger without acting them out.
Vocabulary increases dramatically from 300 words at age 2
years to more than 2100 words at the end of 5 years sentence
structure, grammatical usage, and intelligibility also
advances to the more adult level
41. Cont………..
3 year old child ask many question and use plural, correct
pronouns and the past tense of verb.
42. Cont………
They talk incessantly of weather anyone is listening or
answering them.
43. Cont……….
They enjoy musical or talking toy or dolls and imitate new
words proficiently.
44. Cont…………
From age 4 to5 years use long sentence of four or five words
and use more words to convey a message such as
preposition, adjectives, ands variety of verbs.
They answer question such as “what do you do when you
are hungry?” by describing the appropriate action.
45. By age of 6 year
Children can use all parts of speech correctly except for
deviation from the rule
They can be define simple things by describing their use,
shape, or general category of classification, rather than
simply describing the outward appearance. Eg, they define
the ball as round.
46. Personal Social Behaviour
They are able to verbalize their request for independence
and perform independently because of their much refine
physical and cognitive development.
By 4 to 5 years of age they need little if any assistance with
dressing, eating, or toileting.
47. PLAY
In this age preschooler especially enjoy associative play group play is
similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules.
Play should provide for physical, social, and mental development.
It includes jumping, running, and climbing. Tricycles, wagons, gym,
and sports equipments, sandboxes, wading pools, and activities at
water Park can help in development of muscles
48. Cont…………
They enjoy playing with common house hold items such as
broom handle or even items adults consider junk.
49. Cont…………
They should be provided with Manipulative, constructive,
and creative, and educational toys provide for quiet
activities, fine motor development and self expression
50. Cont…………
With that dress up clothes, dolls, housekeeping toys,
dollhouse, play store toys, telephone, farm animals and
equipment, village sets, train, trucks, cars, planes, hand
puppets, and medical kits.
51.
52. Sex Education
During this period the word “why” seems to supplant the word “no”,
which was common in toddlerhood.
It is only natural that as they learn about “me” they will also want to
know “why me?” and “How me?”
Questions Such as “where do baby come from?” are as casual as “what
makes it rain?”.
53. Two rules govern answering sensitive question about
topic such as sex.
The first is to find out that what children knows and think.
Eg. year old Sally asked her father “where did i came from?”
Both parents quickly took this inquiry for offering a sex
education. After the explanation Sally exclaimed”, i don’t
know about that!
Second rule is that to be honest it is true that much of the
current information will be forgotten or misunderstood by
preschooler, but the current information can be rested until
the anatomic words may be hard to pronounce or even more
difficult to remember
54. Fear
A great number and variety of real and imagined fear are
presented during the preschooler age, including fear of the
dark, being left alone, animals, ghost, sexual matters and
object and persons associated with pain.
55. Cont………
The best way to help children to overcome their fear is by actively
involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the
frightening experience.
This may be as simple as keeping a night lamp on in child’s bedroom
from assurance that no monster lurk in the dark.
Exposing the child to the feared object in a safe situation also provides
a type of conditioning, or desensitization.
58. Bibliography
Wong’s Essential of Paediatric Nursing Edition: First
South Asia Edition, US Edition Marilyn J.
Hockenberry, David Wilson Page No:- 335 to 345
Paediatric Nursing Edition:- 3rd edition Parul Datta
page no:- 121 to 136.
http://www.drugs.com/cg/normal-growth-and-
development-of-preschoolers.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development