Chlorophyll in plants absorbs light energy from the sun which is used to force reactions between water and carbon dioxide, resulting in the production of sugar and oxygen. Leaves contain stomata on their undersides and act as the food factory of plants, using photosynthesis to produce sugar from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Plants store extra food as starch in different parts like stems, roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits. A starch test using iodine shows the presence of starch in potato slices. An experiment without light for two days shows that leaves require light for photosynthesis to produce starch. Plants and animals are interdependent as green plants produce food and oxygen while animals produce carbon dioxide, with food chains maintaining

1. THE GREEN PLANTS
The green coloUr of plants is
caused by a pigment called
chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll has the ability to
absorb light energy from the sun.
The energy that is absorbed is
used to force reactions with water
and carbon dioxide.
The result of these reactions is
the production sugar and oxygen

2. LEAF

3. STOMATA
Stomata is found
at the lower side
of the leaf.
Leaves make
food for the
plant. So they are
the food factory
of a plant.Leaves help the
plant to let gases
in and out
through stomata.

4. The food making process - Photosynthesis
SUNLIGHT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER +MINERALS + CHLOROPHYLL
SUGAR + OXYGEN + WATER VAPOUR

5. HOW IS THE FOOD STORED BY PLANTS
❖The food prepared by the plants (glucose) is transported
by the all parts of the plant.
❖The plant uses some of its food for its daily activities and stores
extra food as STARCH in different parts of the plant.
Plants Storage of food
Sugar cane and Potato Stem
Beetroot and Carrot Root
Spinach and Lettuce Leaf
Broccoli and Cauliflower Flower
Mango and Apple Fruit
Coffee and Gram Seed

6. Starch test
To test the presence of
starch on potato we need :-
1. Slice of a potato
2. Iodine
3. Dropper
The iodine solution turns
the colour of potato into
bluish black.
This shows that potato has a
lot of starch stored in it.

7. Activity to show that LIGHT is needed by leaves
for photosynthesis.
1) Keep the healthy potted plant in
a dark room for two days.
2) Pluck a leaf from the plant
and boil it in the water and dip
the leaf in hot alcohol. Then
wash it in cold water.
3) Put a few drops iodine
solution on the leaf.
4) The colour of the leaf
does not change.
This shows that no starch
has formed on the leaf in

8. INTERDEPENDENCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Plants and animals are dependent on
each other in many ways.
❖Green plants are the main producers
of food. Animals depend on these
plants for their food. Thus a food chain
is formed.
❖A chain that shows a series of
organisms where each member
depends on the lower member in the
series for food is called a food
chain.

9. ❖ Interdependence of plants and
animals in a food chain helps to
maintain a balance between the
number of plants and animals. So if
there is a sudden increase or
decrease in the number of either
plants or animals, the balance in
nature will be disturbed.
❖ Other than that, plants also give out
oxygen which is needed by animals
to breathe.
❖ Animals give out carbon dioxide ,
which is used by the plants for
Photosynthesis.