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Getting to know plants
The document provides an overview of plant classification, including flowering and non-flowering plants, and various plant systems such as roots, stems, and leaves. It details the functions of these systems and their modifications, alongside processes like photosynthesis and pollination. Additionally, it mentions resources for further learning about plant life cycles.
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Getting to know plants
- 1. Page 1 Getting toknow Plants
- 2. Page 2 2 MainGroups Flowering Plants • Rose • Sunflower • Mango Non- Flowering plants • Ferns • Mosses
- 3. Page 3 Herbs Trees Shrubs • Plantsare classified into 3 categories – • Herbs • Shrubs • Trees
- 4. Page 4 Creepers • Someplants have weak stems and cannot stand upright • Some of these spread out on the ground and are called creepers. Eg- Strawberry plant • Others climb up with the help ofa support, and are called climbers. E.g grapevine, gourd
- 5. Page 5 Plant Systems •Plant has 2 parts – • The underground part of the plant or the part that remains in the soil is called the root system. • The green part that grows above the ground is called the shoot system
- 6. Page 6 Roots • Themain root is called the tap root. • The branches that arise from the main root are called lateral roots. Eg- carrot • A number of thin fibre-like roots arise from the base of the stem which spread out in the soil and give support to the plant is known as fibrous roots. Eg - Wheat
- 7. Page 7 The 2types of root system are: Tap root system Fibrous root system
- 8. Page 8 Functions ofthe root • Roots anchor the plant to the soil. • Roots absorb water and minerals present in the soil. • Water and mineral salts reach the stem and the branches through a system of thin tubes present in the roots and the stem. • Roots bind the soil particles together and prevent soil erosion.
- 9. Page 9 Modifications ofthe root • When roots perform different functions which changes their structure is called modifications. • The food made in the green leaves travels downwards and is stored in these tap roots which is used by the plants in unfavourable conditions. Eg- Turnip • Roots grow from the branches. As the roots reach the ground, they fix themselves in the soil and give support to spreading brances , these are called prop roots. Eg – Banyan Tree
- 10. Page 10 Functions ofthe stem • The stem keeps the plant upright. • The stem bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. The main function is- • Stem transports water, minerals and food to all parts of the plant .
- 11. Page 11 Modifications ofthe stem • Thin, thread like structures on the stems are called stem tendrils. • Stems are modified to give support • Stems are modified to store food Eg – Ginger, Potato • Stems are modified to make food Eg- Cactus
- 12. Page 12 The Leaf •The flat, green part of the leaf is called the lamina or leaf blade. • Lamina is attached to the stem by a narrow, short talk called the petiole.
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- 14. Page 14 Types ofleaf venation • In plants that have tap roots, the veins from a net-like design, on both sides of the leaf, which is called reticulate venation. • The veins in plants with fibrous roots are parallel to each other, along the length of the leaf, which is called parallel venation.
- 15. Page 15 Functions ofthe leaf • The presence of a green pigment is called chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll uses sunlight and provides energy to the plant for making food, this process of making food by the leaves is called photosynthesis. • The food that the leaf prepares is a kind of sugar called glucose. • The glucose changes into starch before the plant stores it. • Plants use some of this food to perform their life functions and store the rest in fruits, roots, stems or leaves. • Leaves provides food to the entire living world.
- 16. Page 16 Functions ofleaf • Leaves release water from the plant through stomata, which is called transpiration. The 2 important functions of transpiration are: a.It helps in cooling down the leaves. a.It plays an important role in water cycle, by increasing the moisture in the air.
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- 18. Page 18 Modifications ofthe leaf • Leaves are modified to give support. • Leaves are modified into spines. Gloriosa with leaf tendrils Cactus with spines
- 19. Page 19 Structure ofa flower •A flower has stalk called pedicel. •The outermost whorl of green ,leaf like structures is called sepals. •Next to sepals are petals. •In the centre of the flower rises a flask-shaped structure called the pistil. •Its base is called the ovary. •The short tube-like upper part is the style and above it is the stigma
- 20. Page 20 Pollination •The pollengrains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of either the same flower or of another flower of the same kind by wind, water or insects. This process is called pollination . •After pollination, the ovary swells up and changes into a fruit and the ovules change into seeds.
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- 22. Page 22 Pollination byinsects
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- 24. Page 24 Link foractivities- Plant life cycles http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.c