Greece Jeopardy
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1. The Roman Republic transitioned into an empire after years of civil war and unrest. Julius Caesar's assassination and the conflicts involving the Gracchus brothers demonstrated the republic's inability to solve problems peacefully. 2. Under the empire, Rome was able to experience over 200 years of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana through strong central rule. However, military overexpansion and economic issues eventually led to decline. 3. The Roman Empire split into western and eastern halves administered from Rome and Constantinople, respectively, though both continued to build upon Roman traditions of law, architecture, and engineering for centuries.
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Rome: The Early Republic
The early Roman Republic established elected leaders and a system of law instead of a monarchy. When threatened by outside forces, dictators like Cincinnatus were chosen to lead the military with absolute power for temporary periods. Cincinnatus quickly defeated enemies and then immediately resigned and returned to farming, showing his lack of desire for ongoing power and prioritization of his citizen duties. Through constant warfare with neighbors, Rome expanded its territory across the Italian peninsula during this period, incorporating other peoples' lands and establishing itself as a major military power.
Roman Republic Notes 2015
The Roman Republic was established after the overthrow of the tyrannical Tarquin monarchy. It featured a government with three branches - magistrates including two annually-elected consuls, the Roman Senate, and assemblies where citizens voted. The Republic also had checks on power through term limits, vetoes, and requiring legislative approval. Roman law was codified in the Twelve Tables, and the Republic grew powerful through Mediterranean trade and conquests, becoming the dominant force around the sea.
Ancient Rome
Rome began as a small village but grew to become a powerful republic ruled initially by kings and later by elected leaders. Power was shared between the Senate, consuls, and citizen assemblies. Through military expansion, by 200 BC Rome controlled land from Greece to Spain. Later, political divisions emerged between the patrician elite and plebeians. The Gracchi brothers attempted land reform but were killed, sparking violence. Rome transitioned to empire under Augustus, though abuses of power by later emperors weakened it. Christianity emerged and was adopted by Constantine, but the empire declined due to overspending, crime, taxation, and invasions.
1 2 challenges from within
Within Rome, class divisions between the patricians and plebeians led to social and political challenges. The patricians were the ruling class who held all political power. In contrast, plebeians were common people excluded from government. To gain more political influence, plebeians formed their own councils in 494 BC. This threatened the patrician monopoly on power. While initially resisting changes, the patricians eventually cooperated and reformed the government to avert revolution from dividing Rome.
Roman Republic
Rome was founded as a republic in 509 BCE, with a government led by senators and two annually elected consuls. Romans were polytheistic and adopted Greek gods like Jupiter and Juno. Society was divided into patricians and plebeians. The Roman Republic expanded across Italy and conquered territories through a powerful army composed of citizen-soldiers. After a period of instability, Augustus established the Roman Empire, bringing two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule. However, the western empire eventually declined due to invasions, economic troubles, and governmental corruption.
Rome- Geography, Republic, Punic wars notes
The ancient Romans originated from three groups - the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans - who settled the Italian peninsula between 1000-500 BC. The Latins built the original settlement of Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their Etruscan kings and established a republic where elected officials governed. Over time, the Romans conquered the Italian peninsula through their organized military. This led to conflicts with the powerful city of Carthage in North Africa in the Punic Wars from 264-146 BC, ultimately resulting in Rome establishing itself as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
Change From Republic To Empire
The document summarizes the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire. There was growing disparity between the rich and poor, leading to reforms attempted by the Gracchus brothers which failed. This led to civil war between Marius and Sulla, and the establishment of the First Triumvirate between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar. Caesar's victories in Gaul increased his power and fame, causing Pompey to oppose him and lead to more civil war. Caesar became dictator for life but was assassinated. This threw Rome into further chaos and civil war until Octavian emerged as the first emperor, taking the name Augustus and establishing the Pax Romana.
Founding of Roman Republic - Notes#1
Rome was founded along the Tiber River due to its strategic inland location that provided protection from invaders. In the 8th century BC, the Latins migrated to Italy and united various villages to establish Rome. For a period, Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings who influenced Roman culture. In 509 BC, wealthy nobles overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and established the Roman Republic with a government consisting of the Senate, elected magistrates such as consuls, and citizen assemblies. The Republic expanded through organized military campaigns and policies that granted citizenship and taxes to conquered peoples.
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Rome: The Early Republic
The early Roman Republic established elected leaders and a system of law instead of a monarchy. When threatened by outside forces, dictators like Cincinnatus were chosen to lead the military with absolute power for temporary periods. Cincinnatus quickly defeated enemies and then immediately resigned and returned to farming, showing his lack of desire for ongoing power and prioritization of his citizen duties. Through constant warfare with neighbors, Rome expanded its territory across the Italian peninsula during this period, incorporating other peoples' lands and establishing itself as a major military power.
Roman Republic Notes 2015
The Roman Republic was established after the overthrow of the tyrannical Tarquin monarchy. It featured a government with three branches - magistrates including two annually-elected consuls, the Roman Senate, and assemblies where citizens voted. The Republic also had checks on power through term limits, vetoes, and requiring legislative approval. Roman law was codified in the Twelve Tables, and the Republic grew powerful through Mediterranean trade and conquests, becoming the dominant force around the sea.
Ancient Rome
Rome began as a small village but grew to become a powerful republic ruled initially by kings and later by elected leaders. Power was shared between the Senate, consuls, and citizen assemblies. Through military expansion, by 200 BC Rome controlled land from Greece to Spain. Later, political divisions emerged between the patrician elite and plebeians. The Gracchi brothers attempted land reform but were killed, sparking violence. Rome transitioned to empire under Augustus, though abuses of power by later emperors weakened it. Christianity emerged and was adopted by Constantine, but the empire declined due to overspending, crime, taxation, and invasions.
1 2 challenges from within
Within Rome, class divisions between the patricians and plebeians led to social and political challenges. The patricians were the ruling class who held all political power. In contrast, plebeians were common people excluded from government. To gain more political influence, plebeians formed their own councils in 494 BC. This threatened the patrician monopoly on power. While initially resisting changes, the patricians eventually cooperated and reformed the government to avert revolution from dividing Rome.
Roman Republic
Rome was founded as a republic in 509 BCE, with a government led by senators and two annually elected consuls. Romans were polytheistic and adopted Greek gods like Jupiter and Juno. Society was divided into patricians and plebeians. The Roman Republic expanded across Italy and conquered territories through a powerful army composed of citizen-soldiers. After a period of instability, Augustus established the Roman Empire, bringing two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule. However, the western empire eventually declined due to invasions, economic troubles, and governmental corruption.
Rome- Geography, Republic, Punic wars notes
The ancient Romans originated from three groups - the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans - who settled the Italian peninsula between 1000-500 BC. The Latins built the original settlement of Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their Etruscan kings and established a republic where elected officials governed. Over time, the Romans conquered the Italian peninsula through their organized military. This led to conflicts with the powerful city of Carthage in North Africa in the Punic Wars from 264-146 BC, ultimately resulting in Rome establishing itself as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
Change From Republic To Empire
The document summarizes the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire. There was growing disparity between the rich and poor, leading to reforms attempted by the Gracchus brothers which failed. This led to civil war between Marius and Sulla, and the establishment of the First Triumvirate between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar. Caesar's victories in Gaul increased his power and fame, causing Pompey to oppose him and lead to more civil war. Caesar became dictator for life but was assassinated. This threw Rome into further chaos and civil war until Octavian emerged as the first emperor, taking the name Augustus and establishing the Pax Romana.
Founding of Roman Republic - Notes#1
Rome was founded along the Tiber River due to its strategic inland location that provided protection from invaders. In the 8th century BC, the Latins migrated to Italy and united various villages to establish Rome. For a period, Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings who influenced Roman culture. In 509 BC, wealthy nobles overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and established the Roman Republic with a government consisting of the Senate, elected magistrates such as consuls, and citizen assemblies. The Republic expanded through organized military campaigns and policies that granted citizenship and taxes to conquered peoples.
CPWC 06.1 the roman republic
Rome was founded between 1000-500 BC by Latins on seven hills along the Tiber River in central Italy, with influences from Greeks, Etruscans, and others over time. In the early republic, Rome transitioned from Etruscan kings to a republican government with elected leaders like consuls and tribunes. Rome then expanded its power, conquering neighboring regions of the Italian peninsula by 265 BC and developing a large trading network in the Mediterranean aided by access to sea routes. However, this brought Rome into conflict with the powerful city of Carthage, leading to the three Punic Wars between 264-146 BC, which Rome ultimately won, destroying Carthage and gaining control of the Mediterranean
Roman Republic
The document summarizes the rise of the Roman Republic from 509 BC to 27 BC. It describes how the Romans established a republican government after overthrowing their Etruscan kings. It then discusses the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage between 264-146 BC, which allowed Rome to conquer the Italian peninsula and gain control of the Mediterranean Sea. The military prowess of the Roman army and its ability to forge alliances with conquered peoples were key factors in Rome's success in expanding its power and territory across Italy and beyond.
The Roman Republic Briefly
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
6.1 the roman republic
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and expanded through military conquests like the Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BC. This granted Rome control of the Mediterranean and led to the transition from republic to empire under rulers like Julius Caesar and Augustus. The Pax Romana period between 27 BC to 180 AD brought peace and prosperity to the Roman Empire under the rule of the Five Good Emperors and a link between government and traditional Roman religion.
Romanreview sol6a d-2011_gibson
1) Rome was located in central Italy near the western coast. The geography of flat fertile land supported farming and population growth.
2) Greek culture influenced the Romans in areas like architecture, literature, and religion. The Romans had their own pantheon of gods and built structures like the Pantheon, aqueducts, roads and arches.
3) Roman government had representatives and senators who made laws. Citizens were either patricians or plebeians. Consuls led the government and army.
Ancient Rome
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
Ancient rome
The document summarizes the key institutions of the early Roman Republic. It describes how Rome transitioned to a republican form of government after tyrants were driven from power, establishing the senate as the most powerful governing body composed of patricians and establishing the roles of consuls and the social classes of patricians and plebeians.
CH. 6.2--The Roman Empire Brings Change
The Roman Republic struggled with internal problems as it expanded rapidly through conquest. As the gap between rich and poor widened and class tensions rose, populist leaders like the Gracchus brothers attempted reforms but were killed. This instability led to a power struggle between generals like Marius and Sulla and the rise of strongmen like Julius Caesar, who took control as dictator but was assassinated by senators fearful of his power. After Caesar's death, his adopted son Octavian emerged as the first Roman emperor, taking the name Augustus and establishing the Principate, a period of Pax Romana and stability for the vast Roman Empire he ruled.
Ch. 6.1--Ancient Rome
Over several centuries, Rome built a massive empire that controlled portions of three continents by the 2nd century AD. The Roman Republic was established in the 8th century BC, replacing a monarchy. Power was shared between two consuls, the Senate, and citizen assemblies. Through conquest over centuries, Rome came to dominate the Mediterranean, defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. By the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic controlled territory from Spain to Anatolia.
6.1 the roman republic
The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a balanced system of government with two consuls as executive magistrates, a senate of wealthy landowners, and popular assemblies for citizens. The republic expanded Roman control through military conquests including the Punic Wars against Carthage, led by generals like Scipio Africanus. These victories established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
Chapter 6 - World History
The document provides an overview of the history of Rome and the rise of Christianity. It discusses how Rome was founded and evolved into a republic. It then describes the transition to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus. The document also outlines the key teachings of Jesus and how Christianity spread despite early persecution. It concludes by examining the economic, military, and political factors that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Roman Republic
- In 753 BC, Romulus founded the city of Rome, which would later expand into the massive Roman Republic.
- The Roman Republic began in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a system where elected representatives led the people rather than kings.
- Roman society was divided between the patricians, who were the wealthy landowning class, and the plebeians, who made up the common people.
From republic to empire lesson ppt
1. The Roman Republic expanded greatly through military conquests like the Punic Wars, gaining territory around the Mediterranean.
2. Internal conflicts and civil wars plagued the Republic for 100 years as expansion led to social and economic problems.
3. Octavian, later known as Augustus, became Rome's first emperor in 31 BC, ending the Republic and beginning imperial rule. He established a stable centralized government and economic reforms.
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
1) Rome was founded in the 8th century BC by Romulus and Remus on the Tiber River. It was built on seven hills and became a center of power in the Italian peninsula due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
2) In the early republic, Rome transitioned from villages to a city covering 500 square miles. However, the patricians and plebeians struggled for power and influence.
3) Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was appointed dictator for life, concentrating power in his hands. However, many senators saw him as a threat and assassinated him, plunging Rome into further civil war and destroying the Roman Republic.
Ancient rome
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic
Learn the 3 branches of Roman Government and basic function, understand the 3 Punic Wars and their outcome for Rome (along with who they fought) and understand the significance of Julius Caesar and his reforms for Rome.
Unit 4. Ancient Rome
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned through a monarchy, republic, and empire over the centuries. As a republic from 509 to 27 BC, Rome was ruled by elected officials and grew to control the Mediterranean world through military conquests. Augustus became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, beginning the Roman Empire that lasted until 476 AD, spreading Roman culture across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East while experiencing political and economic crises before its fall.
Society in ancient rome
Roman society was stratified, with Roman citizens having the most rights and privileges, followed by freedmen, then slaves. Roman citizens had political and civil rights, including the right to vote, own property, and marry other citizens. At first, patricians, who were wealthy noble families, had more rights than plebeians, but plebeians gained equal legal standing after social conflicts. Women had limited rights and could not vote. Slaves had no rights and were the property of their owners.
615
Rome had a powerful army that expanded its borders under some emperors but expansion hurt the poor. Rome accepted many religions unless they caused problems but would kill Christian martyrs. Politically, Rome was unstable with 37 emperors in 100 years, many assassinated, and the Praetorian Guard influencing the emperor. The economy declined when expansion stopped, unemployment rose as farming was done by rich slave owners, and excessive military spending left little money for other needs. Politics were crucial as good rulers brought riches while bad rulers contributed to Rome's fall.
Ch 1 And 2 Review Questions
The document provides definitions and key details about several important terms and civilizations from ancient history, including:
1) It defines irrigation as bringing water from rivers to farmlands using ditches or pipes.
2) It states that the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Age was the time period before civilization with no writing when people were nomadic and farming had not occurred.
3) It notes that the Sumerians developed the first city-states and organized themselves in that fashion in ancient Mesopotamia.
Mongols
1. The Mongols were nomadic tribes from eastern Asia that were unified under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century.
2. Genghis Khan and his descendants used innovative military tactics and technology to build a vast empire stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia.
3. At its peak, the Mongol Empire was divided into four khanates and imposed stability along the Silk Road, though they also spread plague across their territories.
Religion Jeopardy
The document provides information about the major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It defines key people, places, texts, and beliefs for each religion. This includes explaining that Judaism's sacred text is the Torah, Christianity's is the Bible, and Islam's is the Quran. It identifies the founders of each faith as Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed, and highlights shared beliefs in monotheism and places of worship like temples, churches, and mosques.
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CPWC 06.1 the roman republic
Rome was founded between 1000-500 BC by Latins on seven hills along the Tiber River in central Italy, with influences from Greeks, Etruscans, and others over time. In the early republic, Rome transitioned from Etruscan kings to a republican government with elected leaders like consuls and tribunes. Rome then expanded its power, conquering neighboring regions of the Italian peninsula by 265 BC and developing a large trading network in the Mediterranean aided by access to sea routes. However, this brought Rome into conflict with the powerful city of Carthage, leading to the three Punic Wars between 264-146 BC, which Rome ultimately won, destroying Carthage and gaining control of the Mediterranean
Roman Republic
The document summarizes the rise of the Roman Republic from 509 BC to 27 BC. It describes how the Romans established a republican government after overthrowing their Etruscan kings. It then discusses the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage between 264-146 BC, which allowed Rome to conquer the Italian peninsula and gain control of the Mediterranean Sea. The military prowess of the Roman army and its ability to forge alliances with conquered peoples were key factors in Rome's success in expanding its power and territory across Italy and beyond.
The Roman Republic Briefly
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
6.1 the roman republic
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and expanded through military conquests like the Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BC. This granted Rome control of the Mediterranean and led to the transition from republic to empire under rulers like Julius Caesar and Augustus. The Pax Romana period between 27 BC to 180 AD brought peace and prosperity to the Roman Empire under the rule of the Five Good Emperors and a link between government and traditional Roman religion.
Romanreview sol6a d-2011_gibson
1) Rome was located in central Italy near the western coast. The geography of flat fertile land supported farming and population growth.
2) Greek culture influenced the Romans in areas like architecture, literature, and religion. The Romans had their own pantheon of gods and built structures like the Pantheon, aqueducts, roads and arches.
3) Roman government had representatives and senators who made laws. Citizens were either patricians or plebeians. Consuls led the government and army.
Ancient Rome
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
Ancient rome
The document summarizes the key institutions of the early Roman Republic. It describes how Rome transitioned to a republican form of government after tyrants were driven from power, establishing the senate as the most powerful governing body composed of patricians and establishing the roles of consuls and the social classes of patricians and plebeians.
CH. 6.2--The Roman Empire Brings Change
The Roman Republic struggled with internal problems as it expanded rapidly through conquest. As the gap between rich and poor widened and class tensions rose, populist leaders like the Gracchus brothers attempted reforms but were killed. This instability led to a power struggle between generals like Marius and Sulla and the rise of strongmen like Julius Caesar, who took control as dictator but was assassinated by senators fearful of his power. After Caesar's death, his adopted son Octavian emerged as the first Roman emperor, taking the name Augustus and establishing the Principate, a period of Pax Romana and stability for the vast Roman Empire he ruled.
Ch. 6.1--Ancient Rome
Over several centuries, Rome built a massive empire that controlled portions of three continents by the 2nd century AD. The Roman Republic was established in the 8th century BC, replacing a monarchy. Power was shared between two consuls, the Senate, and citizen assemblies. Through conquest over centuries, Rome came to dominate the Mediterranean, defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. By the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic controlled territory from Spain to Anatolia.
6.1 the roman republic
The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a balanced system of government with two consuls as executive magistrates, a senate of wealthy landowners, and popular assemblies for citizens. The republic expanded Roman control through military conquests including the Punic Wars against Carthage, led by generals like Scipio Africanus. These victories established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
Chapter 6 - World History
The document provides an overview of the history of Rome and the rise of Christianity. It discusses how Rome was founded and evolved into a republic. It then describes the transition to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus. The document also outlines the key teachings of Jesus and how Christianity spread despite early persecution. It concludes by examining the economic, military, and political factors that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Roman Republic
- In 753 BC, Romulus founded the city of Rome, which would later expand into the massive Roman Republic.
- The Roman Republic began in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a system where elected representatives led the people rather than kings.
- Roman society was divided between the patricians, who were the wealthy landowning class, and the plebeians, who made up the common people.
From republic to empire lesson ppt
1. The Roman Republic expanded greatly through military conquests like the Punic Wars, gaining territory around the Mediterranean.
2. Internal conflicts and civil wars plagued the Republic for 100 years as expansion led to social and economic problems.
3. Octavian, later known as Augustus, became Rome's first emperor in 31 BC, ending the Republic and beginning imperial rule. He established a stable centralized government and economic reforms.
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
1) Rome was founded in the 8th century BC by Romulus and Remus on the Tiber River. It was built on seven hills and became a center of power in the Italian peninsula due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
2) In the early republic, Rome transitioned from villages to a city covering 500 square miles. However, the patricians and plebeians struggled for power and influence.
3) Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was appointed dictator for life, concentrating power in his hands. However, many senators saw him as a threat and assassinated him, plunging Rome into further civil war and destroying the Roman Republic.
Ancient rome
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic
Learn the 3 branches of Roman Government and basic function, understand the 3 Punic Wars and their outcome for Rome (along with who they fought) and understand the significance of Julius Caesar and his reforms for Rome.
Unit 4. Ancient Rome
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned through a monarchy, republic, and empire over the centuries. As a republic from 509 to 27 BC, Rome was ruled by elected officials and grew to control the Mediterranean world through military conquests. Augustus became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, beginning the Roman Empire that lasted until 476 AD, spreading Roman culture across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East while experiencing political and economic crises before its fall.
Society in ancient rome
Roman society was stratified, with Roman citizens having the most rights and privileges, followed by freedmen, then slaves. Roman citizens had political and civil rights, including the right to vote, own property, and marry other citizens. At first, patricians, who were wealthy noble families, had more rights than plebeians, but plebeians gained equal legal standing after social conflicts. Women had limited rights and could not vote. Slaves had no rights and were the property of their owners.
615
Rome had a powerful army that expanded its borders under some emperors but expansion hurt the poor. Rome accepted many religions unless they caused problems but would kill Christian martyrs. Politically, Rome was unstable with 37 emperors in 100 years, many assassinated, and the Praetorian Guard influencing the emperor. The economy declined when expansion stopped, unemployment rose as farming was done by rich slave owners, and excessive military spending left little money for other needs. Politics were crucial as good rulers brought riches while bad rulers contributed to Rome's fall.
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World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
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Ch 1 And 2 Review Questions
The document provides definitions and key details about several important terms and civilizations from ancient history, including:
1) It defines irrigation as bringing water from rivers to farmlands using ditches or pipes.
2) It states that the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Age was the time period before civilization with no writing when people were nomadic and farming had not occurred.
3) It notes that the Sumerians developed the first city-states and organized themselves in that fashion in ancient Mesopotamia.
Mongols
1. The Mongols were nomadic tribes from eastern Asia that were unified under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century.
2. Genghis Khan and his descendants used innovative military tactics and technology to build a vast empire stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia.
3. At its peak, the Mongol Empire was divided into four khanates and imposed stability along the Silk Road, though they also spread plague across their territories.
Religion Jeopardy
The document provides information about the major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It defines key people, places, texts, and beliefs for each religion. This includes explaining that Judaism's sacred text is the Torah, Christianity's is the Bible, and Islam's is the Quran. It identifies the founders of each faith as Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed, and highlights shared beliefs in monotheism and places of worship like temples, churches, and mosques.
Prehistory
Archaeologists study the lifestyles of prehistoric peoples by excavating artifacts from sites dating before 5000 years ago. Anthropologists examine human cultures through social structures and customs. Paleontologists analyze fossils found in rocks to understand early life forms. Primary sources of information include original documents and objects from the time period, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources from further removed perspectives such as publications and commentaries.
Absolutism 1
This document discusses different forms of government throughout history including:
1) Mercantilism which funded absolutism.
2) Absolutism where monarchs claimed divine right to rule with total power such as Louis XIV of France, called the "Sun King", and Peter the Great of Russia who modernized the country.
3) Examples of absolute rulers seeking to centralize power and westernize their empires through new policies, building projects, and military campaigns.
Ancient China Jeopardy!
The document provides definitions and key information about various religious concepts and figures in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It defines important texts like the Torah and Bible. It identifies major religious founders like Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed. And it explains core beliefs like monotheism and practices like the Five Pillars of Faith in Islam. The document quizzes the reader on religious terms, people, places, and principles that are fundamental to understanding the three Abrahamic faiths.
Mongols
1. The Mongols were nomadic tribes from eastern Asia that were unified under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century.
2. Genghis Khan and his descendants used innovative military tactics and technology to build a vast empire stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia by the late 13th century.
3. The Mongol Empire promoted trade and stability along the Silk Road during this period but decline set in after the death of later khans due to the empire's vast size and diversity.
Crusades
The document summarizes the Crusades that took place over 200 years between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on how the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, leading Pope Urban II to organize the First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land in 1095. The Crusades were driven by religious and political motivations for both Christians in Europe and Muslim leaders trying to regain control. The document outlines several Crusades and notable leaders on both sides, such as Saladin who retook Jerusalem for Muslims, and Richard the Lionheart who led the Third Crusade but failed to retake Jerusalem for Christians. The Crusades ultimately ended in failure for Christians and had lasting impacts through increased trade, education, and the
Japan
The document provides an overview of Japanese geography, history, culture, and art. It notes that Japan is an archipelago located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, subjecting it to earthquakes and volcanoes. Geography influenced the development of Shintoism and isolation of early Japanese society. Chinese influence introduced Buddhism, Confucianism, and the Chinese writing system. Feudalism emerged with samurai warriors serving daimyo lords and an emperor with no real power. Art forms like haiku poetry, tea ceremonies, kabuki theater, and zen gardening reflected Japanese aesthetics and spiritual traditions.
Exploration 1
European exploration between 1400-1700 CE was driven by several key factors: the questioning spirit of the Renaissance; the search for a better trade route to Asia to access spices at cheaper prices by cutting out Muslim and Italian middlemen; the desire of Christian missionaries to spread Christianity; and technological improvements like Guttenberg's printing press and advances in navigation that enabled more ambitious voyages.
Spread Of Islam
Islam was founded by Mohammed in Mecca in 632 AD and spread rapidly after his death. It expanded from Palestine, Egypt, and Persia to North and West Africa, and into Europe through Sicily and Spain. Muslim ideas and culture also spread to South and Southeast Asia through extensive trade networks. Key contributions included advances in math, science, and architecture through beautiful structures like the Alhambra palace which featured Islamic geometric designs.
The Early Midle Ages
Medieval Europe spanned from 500 to 1500 CE following the fall of Rome. It was characterized by weak local governments and a decline in cities, trade, and literacy. Germanic tribes divided the region into small kingdoms. The Franks, led by Clovis, established the Merovingian dynasty and converted to Christianity. Charlemagne further united Europe under the Carolingian Empire in 800 CE and promoted education. After his death, the empire fragmented and was vulnerable to attacks from Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system defined by the exchange of land for military service between lords and vassals.
Spread Of Protestant Reformation
The document summarizes the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It discusses the more radical Anabaptist sect that rejected infant baptism and private property. It then covers the English Reformation under King Henry VIII who broke with the Catholic Church to create the Church of England and had those who refused executed, including Sir Thomas More. Upon Henry's death, his son Edward VI further Protestantized England while his daughter Mary I tried to restore Catholicism and burned hundreds of Protestants. Elizabeth I's settlement compromised between the two faiths.
Eight Features Of Civ
The document discusses some key features that emerged with the rise of early civilizations along river valleys approximately 5,000 years ago. Cities developed as farmers produced surplus food, leading to larger populations. Central governments formed to ensure food supply and protection, using bureaucratic systems. Rulers also commissioned public works like roads, bridges, and walls. Religion grew more complex with polytheistic beliefs and temple construction. Writing systems were invented to keep records for tasks like taxation and grain storage. Work became specialized rather than general, and social classes developed based on occupations. Art and architecture reflected cultural beliefs and values through religious buildings and governmental displays of strength.
Scientific Revolution
The document summarizes key figures and developments during the Scientific Revolution. It discusses how Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, contradicting the geocentric model. Galileo later confirmed Copernicus' theory using a telescope, though the Catholic Church condemned his findings. Isaac Newton then built upon these ideas by formulating the law of universal gravitation and laws of motion. Overall, the Scientific Revolution involved questioning prior beliefs and relying on experimentation and reasoning to better understand the natural world.
Catholic Church In Medieval Europe
The Catholic Church was the most powerful organization in medieval Europe. It claimed authority over both religious and secular matters. The Church's power came from its role as a representative of God, its integration into daily life, and its ability to determine salvation or damnation through excommunication. Over time, the Church grew wealthy through donations and inheritance of land, and preserved learning through clergy who were literate in Latin. However, corruption grew as the Church's wealth and power increased.
Geography Of China
1. China's geography isolated it from other regions due to mountains, deserts, and oceans. This led to an ethnocentric culture that saw China as the "Middle Kingdom".
2. Most of China's population is concentrated along coastlines and river valleys, as only 11% of land is arable. Farming practices include subsistence and terrace farming.
3. Major rivers like the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Xi River supported early civilizations and trade, but the Yellow River is known as "China's Sorrow" due to destructive flooding.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
Ancient American Pre-Columbian Civilization
The document summarizes three major pre-Columbian civilizations: the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. It provides details on the location, religion, achievements, and possible reasons for decline for each civilization. The Mayans inhabited northern Central America and had a sophisticated writing system and calendar. The Aztecs ruled central Mexico from their capital of Tenochtitlan and practiced human sacrifice. The Incas built an extensive road system and impressive stone structures in the Andes Mountains. All three civilizations declined following the arrival of European explorers and colonizers like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro.
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Similar to Greece Jeopardy
Unit 4. Ancient Rome
Roman civilization originated in the city of Rome, founded in the 8th century BC along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus. Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians, and later included slaves. The government transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire. The Roman Empire reached its peak between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD during the Pax Romana, but economic and political crises led to the Western Empire's fall in 476 AD. Roman influence is still seen today through language, laws, and Christianity.
The Legacy Of Rome Essay
Roman art developed independently from Greek art and had its own unique characteristics. Unlike Greek art which depicted idealized figures, Roman art showed realism and individual characteristics in sculptures and portraits. Romans also favored pictorial art like frescoes and mosaics over sculptures. Their art was symbolic and allegorical rather than just depicting physical forms. This analytical approach led to a dissection of whole images into detailed parts in sculptures and reliefs that captured historical events precisely.
607
Rome was located in central Italy and strategically positioned for trade, with access to the Mediterranean Sea. It began as a small settlement founded by Romulus and Remus on seven hills along the Tiber River. Over centuries of expansion through military conquests and maintaining peace (Pax Romana), Rome came to control a vast empire throughout Europe and around the Mediterranean. Roman culture had profound and lasting influences in the areas of law, language, engineering, architecture, literature, and religion.
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The most important ideas about Rome are its achievements that still influence modern society. The Latin language formed the basis for many current languages. Rome's early law codes influenced later legal systems. Technologies like aqueducts and roads shaped infrastructure, while military organization foreshadowed modern armies. Overall, Rome left a profound legacy through its language, laws, technologies, and military strategies that can still be seen today.
Chapter 1 review of worksheet
This document summarizes key aspects of the legacy of Rome discussed in Chapter 1, including:
1) Rome's achievements included establishing Latin as the official language, a universal code of law, and influential architecture, engineering, art, and philosophy.
2) The Roman Empire fell due to unstable government from its inability to peacefully transfer power, economic troubles, and being too large to defend.
3) Roman ideals such as citizenship, law, stoicism, and the Latin language continue to influence modern Western society.
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Rome was located on seven hills along the Tiber River in central Italy. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Great Britain to the Sahara Desert. Rome's location provided natural defenses from invasion while also allowing access to trade via the Mediterranean Sea and Tiber River. The expansion of the Roman Empire led to issues like unemployment and over-reliance on imports, contributing to Rome's eventual decline.
Chapter 12 Review Trashketball
The document reviews Chapter 12 and provides definitions and short explanations of key terms:
- A forum was a place in Rome for exchanging goods and ideas, and the Romans built their city near the Forum.
- The growth of Rome was supported by arable land, hills for defense, and the Tiber River for trade.
- Cincinnatus is a good example of civic duty because he served Rome and its republican ideals.
- Roman colonies helped romanize conquered people and connect them to Rome culturally and politically.
Unit 4. ancient rome
Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the banks of the Tiber River. According to legend, the twins were abandoned and raised by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic with elected magistrates and grew powerful through military conquests. It eventually became an empire under Augustus in 27 BC, spanning the Mediterranean world. The Roman Empire fell in 476 AD as the western half declined due to military and economic issues while the eastern half continued as the Byzantine Empire.
Unit 4. ancient rome
The document provides an overview of ancient Roman civilization from its origins to its fall. It discusses:
- The founding of Rome in the 8th century BC according to legend by Romulus on the Palatine Hill.
- The early systems of government including the Roman Kingdom and Republic which transitioned to the Roman Empire beginning in the 1st century BC.
- The expansion of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean and organization into provinces.
- Roman culture including architecture, art, literature, philosophy, engineering works, religion and the influence of Latin.
- The eventual decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marking the end of the ancient period.
Unit 5. Roman Civilisation
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy centered around agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade within the large empire and abroad. Society was stratified but included citizens, freemen, slaves, and women. Roman culture had a significant impact through its Latin-based languages, legal system, and the adoption of Christianity. Famous Roman architectural achievements included aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and infrastructure to support cities laid out in a grid pattern. Roman art incorporated sculpture, painting, and mosaic techniques.
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French rev jeopardy revised
This document provides an overview of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and Napoleon. It contains questions about:
1. The three social classes in France, the causes of the Revolution including inequality and high taxes, absolute monarchy, and deficit spending.
2. Key people like the last French king Louis XVI, Maximilien Robespierre, Marie Antoinette, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
3. Important turning points like the storming of the Bastille, the Tennis Court Oath, and the Reign of Terror.
4. Aspects of Napoleon's rule including French patriotism, the Napoleonic Code, and his eventual defeat
French Revolution- Stage 3 and 4
The document summarizes key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1794 in five stages:
1) The National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and seized church lands, alarming devout Catholics. King Louis XVI tried to escape but was captured.
2) The Assembly created a new constitution and Legislative Assembly but factions split between radicals, moderates, and émigrés. France declared war on Austria and Prussia. The king was deposed and executed despite his popularity.
3) Radical Jacobins led by Robespierre took control. The Reign of Terror began, killing thousands including former allies to the king.
4) Robespierre ruled
Causes of the French Revolution
The French Revolution was caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and intellectual factors. Politically, King Louis XVI's absolute rule faced growing criticism. Economically, lavish spending by the monarchy and wars had left France in debt. Socially, the rigid three-estate system divided society and the large third estate of commoners felt oppressed. Intellectually, Enlightenment ideas promoted reason and challenged the status quo, fueling revolutionary thinking.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when thinkers applied reason and science to politics, society, and the economy. They challenged absolute monarch rule and argued that people have natural rights like liberty. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith developed new ideas about government, economics, and society that influenced revolutions and the growth of democracy. Their works spread new ways of thinking through publications and social gatherings.
Absolutism II
Absolutism is a form of monarchy where the ruler exercises total control over the government and is not restricted by laws, assemblies, or churches. Absolute rulers claimed that their right to rule came from God. In France, Louis XIV strengthened the monarchy's power by building a strong army, persecuting Huguenots, and living an extravagant lifestyle funded by high taxes. His rule marked the peak of French absolutism. In England, conflicts between monarchs and Parliament led to civil war and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy over the king and creating a limited constitutional monarchy.
Geography of Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography of Africa. It notes that Africa is the second largest continent, covering around 11.7 million square miles. Key geographical features discussed include the Sahara Desert, which covers about 1/3 of the continent; savannas, which make up 50% of Africa and contain most wildlife; and plateaus, which cover Africa's interior. Major rivers like the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi are also mentioned. The document provides details on the Victoria Falls and the Great Rift Valley.
Early People
The document discusses early human history from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Revolution. [1] The first humans originated in Africa over 2 million years ago during the Paleolithic Age. [2] Paleolithic people were nomadic hunter-gatherers who moved to find food and developed simple tools and weapons. [3] They began developing language, clothing, and spiritual beliefs that included burying the dead with items. [4] One of the earliest known human skeletons was discovered in Africa. [5] During the Neolithic Revolution, humans began settling and farming, leading to cultural diffusion as people migrated across land bridges and by boat.
Features Of Civilization Computer Activity
The document provides instructions for an activity where students will view Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts in a slideshow and identify which features of civilization each artifact exemplifies. It then lists several Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts, providing a brief description and image of each.
Exploration 2
The document summarizes European exploration between the 15th and 17th centuries as they searched for new trade routes to Asia and its spices. The Portuguese first established coastal trading ports in Africa and India to control the spice trade. The Dutch later set up ports around the world using their naval power. English ships began carrying limes to prevent scurvy on long voyages. Spain funded Columbus' voyage west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but he landed in the Americas instead. This led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas, profoundly impacting global populations. Other conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro then conquered the Aztec and Inca empires,
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was an attempt in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther wanted to restore faith in the church and questioned the corruption and power of Catholic Church leaders. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century as a period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Wealthy Italian merchants became patrons of the arts, supporting artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. Their works expanded on classical Greek and Roman styles and emphasized principles like humanism and realistic perspective. The Renaissance spread north over the next hundred years, influencing regions like Germany and the Netherlands.
Middle Ages Review Jeopardy
In the early Middle Ages, there was very little social mobility as people were born into their social class and generally remained in it. Feudalism was a system where land was exchanged for military service. Manorialism was the economic system where land was the basis of wealth. The Roman Empire fell causing Western Europe to enter a Dark Age. The Roman Catholic Church was the central authority that provided unity and stability during the Middle Ages and could excommunicate kings or place interdicts on countries to show its political power over monarchs. Manors in the early Middle Ages were self-sufficient, providing all that people needed.
The Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, killed 25 million people between 1347 and 1352 AD in Europe. Symptoms included headaches, fever, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. It spread through trade and armies and was transmitted between people. The plague had widespread effects on European civilization, including increased anti-Semitism, economic problems, social unrest and upheaval in the church. Art and music from this period reflected the grim reality of the plague through works like "The Dance of Death". The plague did not discriminate and killed people from all social classes.
Power Struggles in Medieval Europe
The document summarizes power struggles in medieval England between 1050-1450 CE. It describes how the Norman conquest in 1066 established Norman rule over England under William the Conqueror. This led to ongoing conflicts between kings, the nobility, and the Church as each sought to increase their power and influence. Key events included Henry II establishing common law and the jury system, and King John being forced to sign the Magna Carta by nobles in 1215, protecting individual rights and limiting monarchal power. Over time, the English Parliament emerged as a representative governing body with power over taxes and approval of wars.
Ancient Rome
Rome began as a small city-state in Italy but eventually ruled the entire Mediterranean world due to its strategic location for trade. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE and featured a Senate of patricians and elected consuls, though plebeians demanded more equality over time. Rome expanded through military conquest during the Punic Wars against Carthage and by requiring submission of conquered peoples. The Roman Empire was established under Augustus after the transition from republic to empire under Julius Caesar, and it reached its greatest extent in the 2nd century CE before experiencing economic problems, military decline, and invasions that ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.
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Greece Jeopardy
- 1. 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt THE REPUBLIC GRECO- ROMAN CIV WAR GAMES TO PUSH OR TO FALL? LIFE AS WE KNOW IT
- 2. How and why was a dictator elected in the Roman Republic?
- 3. They were elected by the senate in the event of war for six months
- 4. Who represented the rights of the plebeians in the senate?
- 5. Tribunes represented the plebeians
- 6. Why was the Law of the Twelve Tables important to Romans, especially the plebeians?
- 7. It was important because it informed the citizens of their rights and created stability in the gov't
- 8. What did the assassination of Julius Caesar and the murder of the Gracchus Brothers demonstrate about Rome?
- 9. These events showed that the republic couldn’t solve its problems. Civil war and unrest resulted.
- 10. How are the Hammurabi Code and the law of the Twelve Tables similar?
- 11. They are similar because they are both codes of law or legal systems.
- 13. Why are Greece and Rome geographically similar?
- 14. They are similar because they are both located on the Mediterranean Sea allowing them to control trade and prosper.
- 15. What is similar about the government of Greece and Rome?
- 16. They are similar because a republic is a form of democracy. Athens created democracy and a republic is an indirect democracy
- 17. Name TWO architectural/ engineering techniques that supported Roman buildings and aqueducts.
- 18. Domes and arches supported Roman architecture. (So did columns and the use of cement.)
- 19. Why did the Roman government build aqueducts, roads, bath houses and provide other services to conquered peoples?
- 20. They did this to keep the citizens content and provide loyalty and stability in the empire.
- 21. What were THREE contributions of Rome to the rest of history?
- 22. Contributions of Rome are: Legal Principles (Laws) Architectural & Engineering ideas (arches, domes, roads, aqueducts, sewers) Spread of Christianity Julian Calendar Others…
- 23. Who did Rome fight the Punic Wars against?
- 24. Rome fought Carthage.
- 25. What was the major cause of the Punic Wars?
- 26. The major cause was control of trade on the Mediterranean.
- 27. What agreement did Rome make with the people they conquered? In other words, what did Rome say it would do for the conquered people and what did the conquered people have to do for Rome?
- 28. Conquered peoples had to pay taxes, provide soldiers and be loyal to Rome. Rome would grant citizenship people and provide services and protection. The agreement was...
- 29. In general, was the Roman government tolerant of conquered peoples’ traditions?
- 30. Yes, as long as they were loyal to Rome. Romans did persecute Christians at first then were tolerant of them because of the Edict of Milan
- 31. When riches came into Rome from military conquest, what effect did this have on the relationship between the patricians and plebeians?
- 32. This widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The patricians got richer while the plebeians became unemployed and poorer.
- 33. What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire AND what strait is it located on?
- 34. The capital was Constantinople, located on the Bosporus Strait.
- 35. What was the Edict of Milan?
- 36. It was a law by Emperor Constantine that granted religious freedom to all Roman citizens.
- 37. What important change did Diocletian make to the Roman empire?
- 38. DIOCLETIAN DIVIDED THE EMPIRE
- 39. What event is officially known as the “fall” of Rome? (Even though it was a slow, long process that led to Rome’s decline)
- 40. Rome fell when Odoacer ousted the emperor in 476 CE
- 41. What are FOUR causes of the fall of Rome?
- 43. Describe the Pax Romana.
- 44. The Pax Romana was a 200 year period of peace and prosperity.
- 45. What was life like for a patrician?
- 46. In luxurious villas, ate lying down and went to the public baths and theatre Patricians lived
- 47. Romance languages Why are the Called the Romance languages?
- 48. The Romance languages are based on Latin, the language of Rome (Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian)
- 49. What does SPQR stand for?
- 50. Senatus (The Senate) Populus (and the People) Que (of) Roma (Rome)
- 51. Name a building from any TWO ancient civilizations we have studied and what cultural values they reflect.
- 52. Possibilities include: Aztec/Mayan stepped temples Mesopotamian ziggurats Egyptian pyramids the Parthenon the Pantheon show religious values.