The ancient Romans originated from three groups - the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans - who settled the Italian peninsula between 1000-500 BC. The Latins built the original settlement of Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their Etruscan kings and established a republic where elected officials governed. Over time, the Romans conquered the Italian peninsula through their organized military. This led to conflicts with the powerful city of Carthage in North Africa in the Punic Wars from 264-146 BC, ultimately resulting in Rome establishing itself as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.

1. Ancient Rome

2. Setting the Stage
a.
b.
With the defeat of the Persians by Alexander and the eventual
decline of the Greek Civilization, power would eventually shift west
towards the Italian peninsula
The Romans would build an amazing empire filled with many
different cultures and help spawn a brand new religion: Christianity

3. Origins of Rome
a.
b.
c.
Legend says that twin brothers Romulus and Remus were
abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf
Later the two boys decided to build a city
Eventually Romulus kills Remus & city of Rome is named after
Romulus

4. Geography
e.
Rome was built on 7 rolling hills of Tiber River
Located on Italian Peninsula (Italy)
Bordered by Adriatic Sea to the east
Near midpoint of Mediterranean Sea
Alps to the North provided protection.
f.
Mediterranean Climate: warm year round- encouraged outdoor activities
a.
b.
c.
d.

5. The First Romans
a.
Three groups settled on Italian Peninsula from 1000-500 B.C.
i.
The Latins
1. Built original settlement of wooden huts in Rome
2. Considered to be the first Romans
3. Helped spread Latin derived languages to the area

6. ii.
The Greeks
1. Moved north into Italy during decline of Hellenistic Culture
2. Settled in Southern Italy and Sicily
3. Brought all of Italy, including Rome, into contact with the
Greek civilization
- Brought architecture, alphabet, democracy, and
philosophy

7. iii. The Etruscans- from the North
1. Skilled metal workers native to northern Italy
2. Strongly influenced Roman civilization
- Social class system
- Arch
- Paved roads
- lust for killing

8. People of Rome
a.
b.
c.
d.
Rome was divided up into several different groups who struggled for power
Patricians: wealthy landowners who held most of the power
Plebeians: the common farmers, artisans, and merchants; majority of
population
Slaves: not based on race

9. Early Roman Government MR.E
509- Wealthy nobles overthrew the cruel
Etruscan king and promised to never be
ruled by a MONARCHY again.
 They established a REPUBLIC = form
of government in which the voters elect
officials to run the state

 (Representative democracy)

Only adult males could vote or be in the
government.

11. The Roman Forum

12. Roman Forum Ruins

13. The Roman Republic
e.
Consuls: two officials with limited power and one year terms; one
controlled the army the other directed the government
f.
Dictator: in times of crisis, the republic could appoint a leader with
absolute power to make laws and control the army; power lasted for 6
months
e.
Senate: an assembly who controlled funding and foreign policy
e.
Tribunes: decided if laws were in the interest of the people (plebs)
f.
Assemblies: voted on laws and elected officials and consuls. Vote for
war/peace. Elected 10 member Tribunes

15. 
450 BCE- the Romans engraved their
laws onto stone tablets. These were
called the TWELVE TABLES. They were
put in the FORUM for all to view.
 As a result, the distinction between Patrician
and Plebeian was less important
 However, public officials did not receive a
salary. So only nobles could afford to be
govt.

16. 7.
Roman Power Expands
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Steadily the Romans conquered the Italian Peninsula
As Rome conquered lands, people were absorbed into their ever
growing territory
They has a very organized army and wise political policies
Some people were accepted as citizens, others simply became allies
Legions: : military units made up of 5,000 soldiers
Rome went to war against Carthage; a powerful city in North Africa
The struggle became known as the Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

17. Geography & Early
Republic
Carthage was led by a brilliant general named Hannibal
g. Hannibal assembled an army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60
elephants intent on capturing Rome
h. He led his troops up through Spain and crossed the Alps into Italy
f.

18. The Punic Wars

20. Event A – The Rise of Carthage

21. Event B: The First Punic War

23. Event D: End of the 2nd Punic
War

24. Event E: The Third Punic War