Downloaded 50 times
More Related Content
The Roman Republic
- 1. Ch. 14 TheRoman Republic 509 B.C. – 30 B.C. Lesson 1 The Government
- 2. The Roman Republic •In 509 B.C. The Romans overthrew Tarquin the Etruscan king • Set up a Republic – a form of government in which people choose their rulers • However, not all Romans were equal – Patricians – members of the oldest and richest families—the only ones who could hold public office – Plebeians—Poorer citizens who paid taxes, serve in the army – Plebeians could not marry patricians or hold office
- 3. The Government • Romanidea of government chosen by the people has served as a model for future generations (United States included) • Roman Republic had two consuls – administrators & military leaders chosen yearly • Roman Senate – 300 Senators chosen for life – Handled daily problems of government, proposed laws, approved contracts for building roads, temples
- 4. The Government • Judgesor tribunes – government officials who protected the rights of the plebeians • All Roman citizens belong to assemblies • In 450 B.C. Romans began to write their laws down • Carved laws on 12 bronze tablets called The Twelve Tables • Placed in the Forum– the Foundation of all future Roman Law • Romans gradually grew more democratic • By 250 B.C. no one could be sold into slavery due to their debts • Plebeians could finally hold public office
- 5. Ch. 14 TheRoman Republic Lesson 2 Roman Expansion
- 6. Roman Expansion • Romansworked to protect the Republic they built • Conquered several Etruscan cities, ensuring Etruscans could never take Rome • By 275 B.C. Rome ruled all of Italian peninsula • By 146 B.C. Rome ruled most of Mediterranean world
- 7. • New Warfarearrangement: Legions – army containing 5,000 soldiers (legionaries) & divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers • Outperformed the phalanx • Legion was smaller, moved faster, could attack from all sides not just one direction • Romans let conquered people keep their own governments & did not tax them at first • In return, the conquered were expected to serve in Roman army • Result: enemies of Rome became loyal Roman allies • Turn to page 221 in World History Book • Answer Linking Across Time
- 8. Ch. 14 TheRoman Republic Lesson 3 Punic Wars
- 9. The Punic Wars •Romans conquered Greek city-states in southern Italy 264 B.C. • Rome’s Rival = Carthage: Phoenician city that controlled most of North & West Africa, most of Spain, & islands off Italy’s coast • Romans felt threatened by the Carthaginians & First Punic War began 264 B.C. lasting 23 years • Carthage’s military strength: navy • Rome’s military strength: army • In 241 B.C. Carthaginians agreed to make peace & left Sicily
- 10. Hannibal & SecondPunic War • General Hannibal Barca won many victories against Rome beginning in 218 B.C. • Journeyed through Spain, France, Swiss Alps & into Rome • Without enough supplies to batter down Rome’s city walls Hannibal unable to capture Rome • 201 B.C. Carthage agreed to pay Rome money & give up all territories including Spain • Spanish resources of copper, gold, lead, iron belonged to Rome
- 11. Hannibal & SecondPunic War • General Hannibal Barca won many victories against Rome beginning in 218 B.C. • Journeyed through Spain, France, Swiss Alps & into Rome • Without enough supplies to batter down Rome’s city walls Hannibal unable to capture Rome • 201 B.C. Carthage agreed to pay Rome money & give up all territories including Spain • Spanish resources of copper, gold, lead, iron belonged to Rome
- 12. Third Punic War •To prevent Carthage regaining power, Rome attacked in 149 B.C. • Burned Carthage & plowed salt into fields so no crops could grow – Rome now controlled Macedonia, Syria, & Greece • Leading Mediterranean Power
- 13. Ch. 14 TheRoman Republic Lesson 4 Effects of Conquest
- 14. Effects of Conquest •Conquests & Wealth changed Rome’s economy & government • Changes: – Replacement of small farms by large estates – The Coming of Slavery – Movement from Farms to Cities – Decline of the Roman Republic – Landless farmers moved to Rome – Government officials too busy getting rich to worry about solving the republic’s problems – Gap between rich and poor grew much greater – Rich hated poor; poor hated rich – Rome was no longer politically stable
- 15. Ch. 14 TheRoman Republic Lesson 5 Roman Leadership
- 16. The Reformers • Next100 years – Popular Leaders tried to Improve Conditions in Rome • Reformers & Generals • Tiberius Gracchus – 133 B.C. – Limited the amount of land people could own; divided public lands; gave to the poor • 107 B.C. General Marius – Opened the army to all – convinced poor to join offering them pay, land, pension • In 60 B.C political power passed to a triumvirate – group of 3 persons with equal power • Julius Caesar, Crassus, & Pompeius • Caesar eventually became Sole Ruler
- 17. Julius Caesar • “Borninto one of the oldest patricians families in Rome, Gaius Julius Caesar, knew politics could be a dangerous job. Even so, he had a big advantage—the loyalty of the legions who served him. The legions helped Caesar become the reform-minded ruler of Rome, but they could not save him from murder by the senators who felt his popularity and power threatened the Republic.” • Caesar built up large, strong, loyal army • Conquered northern France and Belgium; invaded Britain • Reforms: redistributed state lands in Italy, built new infrastructure, doubled the Senate to give business people more power
- 18. End of Republic •Caesar murdered on Ides of March – March 15 44 B.C. by jealous Senators • In 31 B.C. Octavian became sole ruler of Roman Empire – Beginning new period of the Roman Empire
- 19.