This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including: 1. Nationalities and stem-changing verbs 2. Uses of the preposition "para" including purpose, reaction, destination, and indicating being ready 3. Indirect object pronouns and their placement before conjugated verbs or with infinitives 4. Rules for pronoun placement with infinitives, gerunds, and commands 5. The construction of "gustar" and forming likes/dislikes 6. Affirmative and negative words in Spanish 7. Forming Spanish superlatives with "-ísimo" 8. Uses of reflexive verbs and placement of reflexive pronou

1. Grammar Book
By: Zacarias Smart

2. Table of Contents
 1-Nationalities
 2-Stem changer
 3-Para
 4-IOP
 5-Pronoun Placement
 6-Gustar
 7-Affirmative and Negative words
 8-Superlatives
 9-Reflexives
 10-Affirmative tu commands / irregulars / pronoun
placement
 11-Negative tu commands / irregulars / pronoun placement
 12-Sequencing words

3. Nationalities

4. e to ie
Stem changing -Pensar
-Tener
Boot verbs only change -Vener
e to i
inside the “boot” There are
-Preferier
four kinds: oue,eie, -servir
ei,and uue -Querer
-pedir
Vosotros and nosotros
-decir
Don’t change. For Example: jugar (to
o to ue and u to ue play)
-dormir jugar
-jugar juego jugamos
-recordar juegas jugais
-volver juega juegan
-poder

5. Para
 A Spanish preposition
 Several uses for para
-To indicate purpose, a personal
reaction, or destination
-( “for”, “no later than”,
“considering”, or “by”)
-When accompanied by estar means
“to be ready to”

6. Indirect Object Pronoun
 TO whom or FOR whom
 Comes BEFORE a
conjugated verb
 Singular/Plural
 Able to attach to an
infinitive
 Can attach to a gerund
singular ---------------- plural ----------------
-- ---
me me nos us
te you os you
le Him/her/it/yo les You/them
u

7. Pronoun Placement
 1. Attach the pronoun to the
infinitive
 2. Attach the pronoun to a
progressive tense
 3. The pronoun is attached to an
affirmative command
 4. The pronoun is placed before a
conjugated verb

8. Gustar
A mi- me gusta
To say you do not A ti- te gusta
like something,
you put a no A usted/el/ella- le gusta
before the me, te,
A Nosotros – nos gusta
le, os, nos, or les
A ustedes/ellas/ellos- les gusta
Plural:
The plural form is used when gustar is followed by a
plural object.
Ex. Me gustan papas fritas. me nos
Singular:
singular forms of gustar are used when the object te os
following is singular.
Ex. Me gusta el boligrafa le se

9. Affirmative/Negative
AFFIRMATIVE: NEGATIVE:
Algo: something Nada: nothing
Alguien: someone Nadie: no one
Algun/alguno(a): Ningun: not any or
some none
Tambien: also Nunca: never
Siempre: always Tampoco: either or
neither

10. Superlatives
-ísimo/ísimos/ísima/ísimas
-Added on to the end of adjectives and adverbs
-Equal to extremely or very
-Adjective or adverb ending in c, g, or z change spelling to q,
gu, and c sometimes
For example:
ricorequísimo
Feliz felicímo
-Adjective or adverb ending in n or r by adding císimo/a
For example:
jovenjovencísimo
trabajadartrabajadorcísimo

11. Reflexives
-The subject is also the object
-The subject, the pronoun, and the
verb are all in the same form.
-A person does as well as receives
the action
ex: Yo me levanto a las oche de la
manana
--- They go in front of conjugated verb, me nos
o Amos
EXAMPLE: me acuesto
te levantas te os
as Ais
---They are attached to a gerund
le se
EXAMPLE: Luis está cepillándose los a an
dientes
---OR they are attached to an infinitive

12. Affirmative tu commands-
irregulars- pronoun
placement
-Get rid of the s or
put it into the third
person form.
Examples below:
di decir sal salir
haz hacer se ser
ve ir ten tener
pon poner ven venir

13. Negative tu commands-
irregulars-pronoun placement
Tener No tengas
Venir No vengas
Dar/decir No des -digos
Put it into the yo form
Ir No vayas
Ser No seas
Change vowel ae,
Hacer No hagas e/ ira
Estar No estes
Saber No sepas Add the S

14. Sequencing words
Primero-first
Entonces-then
Luego-later
Despues-after
Por Fin-finally
Antes de-before
Despues de-after
Por la manana-during the night
Los lunes-every day

15. THE END