The document discusses the present perfect tense in Spanish. It explains that the present perfect is formed by combining the present form of the verb haber with the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of forming the present perfect of the verbs estudiar, hablar, tomar, comer, and ir. It notes some irregular past participles ending in -ido, -to, and -cho. Finally, it provides a practice activity to test forming the present perfect using given subjects and verbs.

1. El presenteEl presente
perfectoperfecto

2. ¿Qué es el presente perfecto?¿Qué es el presente perfecto?
The present perfect is formed byThe present perfect is formed by
combining a helping verb (“have” orcombining a helping verb (“have” or
“has”) with the past participle“has”) with the past participle

3. Por ejemplo…Por ejemplo…
 For example:For example:
 II have playedhave played tennis.tennis.
 SheShe has sunghas sung at weddings.at weddings.
 WeWe have flownhave flown in a plane.in a plane.

4. Para formar in inglésPara formar in inglés
 To form the present participle we combine theTo form the present participle we combine the
helping verb “have/has” with a past participlehelping verb “have/has” with a past participle
 For example, “IFor example, “I have beenhave been a lifeguard.”a lifeguard.”
 ““I” is the subjectI” is the subject
 ““have” is the helping verbhave” is the helping verb
 ““been” is the past participlebeen” is the past participle

5. Para formar en españolPara formar en español
 In Spanish we form the present participle byIn Spanish we form the present participle by
combining the present tense of the verbcombining the present tense of the verb haberhaber
(the helping verb, or(the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliarel verbo auxiliar)) with a pastwith a past
participleparticiple
 For example:For example:
 YoYo he bailadohe bailado..
I have danced.I have danced.
 Nosotros noNosotros no hemos estudiadohemos estudiado para el examen.para el examen.
We haven’t studied for the test.We haven’t studied for the test.

6. The present tense ofThe present tense of haberhaber
hehe hemoshemos
hashas habéishabéis
haha hanhan

7. Remember…Remember…
How to form the past participleHow to form the past participle::
 For –For –arar verbs, take the stem of the verb and addverbs, take the stem of the verb and add
––adoado
Example: comprar →Example: comprar → compradocomprado
 ForFor –er–er andand –ir–ir verbs, take the stem of the verbverbs, take the stem of the verb
and addand add –ido–ido
Example: tener →Example: tener → tenidotenido

8. Para formar…Para formar…
Here are the present perfect forms ofHere are the present perfect forms of estudiar:estudiar:
he estudiadohe estudiado hemos estudiadohemos estudiado
has estudiadohas estudiado habéis estudiadohabéis estudiado
ha estudiadoha estudiado han estudiadohan estudiado

9. Para formar…Para formar…
As you can see I have combined theAs you can see I have combined the
present forms ofpresent forms of haberhaber (the helping verbs)(the helping verbs)
hehe hemoshemos
hashas habéishabéis
haha hanhan

10. ……with thewith the pastpast participle ofparticiple of estudiarestudiar
hehe hemoshemos
hashas habéishabéis
haha hanhan
estudiadoestudiado estudiadoestudiado
estudiadoestudiado estudiadoestudiado
estudiadoestudiado estudiadoestudiado

11. Now you try…Now you try…
he ________he ________ hemos _______hemos _______
has ________has ________ habéis ________habéis ________
ha ________ha ________ han ________han ________
On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure
out the present perfect forms for the verb
hablar:

12. he habladohe hablado hemos habladohemos hablado
has habladohas hablado habéis habladohabéis hablado
ha habladoha hablado han habladohan hablado
Is this what you came up with?

13. Let’s try another…Let’s try another…
Now see if you can form the present perfectNow see if you can form the present perfect
forms of the verbforms of the verb tomar:tomar:
__ __________ ________ ____ ___________ _______
___ ___________ ________ _____ _____________ ________
__ __________ ________ ___ ___________ ________

14. Is this what you got?Is this what you got?
he tomadohe tomado hemos tomadohemos tomado
has tomadohas tomado habéis tomadohabéis tomado
ha tomadoha tomado han tomadohan tomado

15. Now let’s try anNow let’s try an –er–er verbverb
See if you can come up with the present perfectSee if you can come up with the present perfect
forms forforms for comercomer::
__ ________ ______ _____ ___________ ______
___ _________ ______ ______ ____________ ______
__ ________ ______ ___ _________ ______

16. Is this what you came up with?Is this what you came up with?
he comidohe comido hemos comidohemos comido
has comidohas comido habéis comidohabéis comido
ha comidoha comido han comidohan comido

17. Let’s try another one…see if you can come upLet’s try another one…see if you can come up
with the present perfect tense ofwith the present perfect tense of irir::
__ _____ ___ _____ ________ ___
___ ______ ___ ______ _________ ___
__ _____ ___ ___ _________ ______

18. Is this what you came up with?Is this what you came up with?
he idohe ido hemos idohemos ido
has idohas ido habéis idohabéis ido
ha idoha ido han idohan ido

19. Many of you may have assumed thatMany of you may have assumed that irir had anhad an
irregular past participle. Afterall, itirregular past participle. Afterall, it doesdoes have anhave an
irregularirregular presentpresent participle. Butparticiple. But irir is actuallyis actually
regular in this tense. Here are some verbs thatregular in this tense. Here are some verbs that
areare irregular in the past participle:irregular in the past participle:

20. Not exactly irregular but…Not exactly irregular but…
-er-er andand –ir–ir verbs whose stems end in a vowelverbs whose stems end in a vowel
have past participles ending inhave past participles ending in –ído–ído
caer →caer → caídocaído creer →creer → creídocreído
leer →leer → leídoleído oír →oír → oídooído
reír →reír → reídoreído traer →traer → traídotraído

21. IrregularsIrregulars
The following verbs have irregular pastThe following verbs have irregular past
participles ending inparticiples ending in –to:–to:
abrir →abrir → abiertoabierto cubrir →cubrir → cubiertocubierto
descubrir →descubrir → descubiertodescubierto escribir →escribir → escritoescrito
morir →morir → muertomuerto poner →poner → puestopuesto
romper →romper → rotoroto ver →ver → vistovisto
volver →volver → vueltovuelto

22. More irregularsMore irregulars
These verbs have irregular past participlesThese verbs have irregular past participles
ending inending in –cho:–cho:
decir →decir → dichodicho
hacer →hacer → hechohecho

23. ¡Practicamos!¡Practicamos!
See if you can form the correct present perfect usingSee if you can form the correct present perfect using
the subject and verb given.the subject and verb given.
Modelo: yo / decidir →Modelo: yo / decidir → He decididoHe decidido
1.1. ella / abrirella / abrir
Ha abiertoHa abierto
2.2. Marta y yo / tocarMarta y yo / tocar
Hemos tocadoHemos tocado
3.3. Gonzalo / crecerGonzalo / crecer
Ha crecidoHa crecido

24. 4.4. Tú y tus amigos / reírTú y tus amigos / reír
Han reídoHan reído óó habéis reídohabéis reído
5.5. Mis padres / hacerMis padres / hacer
Han hechoHan hecho
6.6. Tus abuelos / cubrirTus abuelos / cubrir
Han cubiertoHan cubierto
7.7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribirRogelio y Ramón / escribir
Han escritoHan escrito