The document discusses the history and purpose of Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). GLP were established to ensure the quality and integrity of safety data submitted to regulatory agencies. Two notable cases of fraud and misconduct by toxicology labs in the 1970s prompted the FDA to institute GLP regulations in the US. These cases involved fabrication of data, removal of health findings, and other issues. GLP principles were later adopted by the OECD and involve certifying that non-clinical safety studies are properly planned, performed, monitored and reported.
Forced degradation studies for drug substances and drug products a regulator...Veeprho Laboratories
Introduction –
Various regulatory guidance are available which provides useful definitions and general comments about degradation studies. However, guidance concerning the scope, timing, degradation condition and best practices for degradation studies is very general. Various issues related to stress testing are addressed in numerous guidance documents but not always in the context of stress testing. Therefore, stress-testing conditions should be realistic and not excessive.
The forced degradation studies are also expected -
1. Structure elucidation of possible degradation path-ways.
2. Identification of degradation products that may be spontaneously generated during drug storage and during use.
3. To facilitate improvements in the manufacturing process and formulations in parallel with accelerated pharmaceutical stability studies.
Where are you in your drug development journey? Find out how to expedite your drug development program. View our drug development journey map. Download the document to zoom in and view details.
this slide share will provide information about drug discovery and development.in this, how the drug is discovered and what type of procedures and instructions followed during discovery and development of a new drug and also give limitations of drug discovery and development process.
Forced degradation studies for drug substances and drug products a regulator...Veeprho Laboratories
Introduction –
Various regulatory guidance are available which provides useful definitions and general comments about degradation studies. However, guidance concerning the scope, timing, degradation condition and best practices for degradation studies is very general. Various issues related to stress testing are addressed in numerous guidance documents but not always in the context of stress testing. Therefore, stress-testing conditions should be realistic and not excessive.
The forced degradation studies are also expected -
1. Structure elucidation of possible degradation path-ways.
2. Identification of degradation products that may be spontaneously generated during drug storage and during use.
3. To facilitate improvements in the manufacturing process and formulations in parallel with accelerated pharmaceutical stability studies.
Where are you in your drug development journey? Find out how to expedite your drug development program. View our drug development journey map. Download the document to zoom in and view details.
this slide share will provide information about drug discovery and development.in this, how the drug is discovered and what type of procedures and instructions followed during discovery and development of a new drug and also give limitations of drug discovery and development process.
The fundamental purposes of the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is to ensure the quality and integrity of test data related to non-clinical safety studies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
2. A quality system concerned with the organizational
process and the conditions under which non clinical
health and environmental safety studies are planned,
performed, monitored, recorded, archived and
reported.
3. • GLP is to certify that every step of the analysis is valid or not.
• Assure the quality & integrity of data submitted to FDA in
support of the safety of regulated products.
• GLPs have heavy emphasis on data recording, record &
specimen retention.
PURPOSE OF GLP
4. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)
21 CFR part 58
GLP was instituted in US following cases of fraud
generated by toxicology labs in data submitted to the
FDA by pharmaceutical companies.
Industrial Bio Test Labs (IBT) was the most notable
case, where thousands of safety tests for chemical
manufacturers were falsely claimed to have been
performed or were so poor.
5.
6.
7. Aside from the animal health and welfare issues , examples of
scientific misconduct were also commonly seen at IBT.
Fabrication of data.
removal of health effect findings from reports.
replacement of dead study animals with healthy ones that had not
received drug treatment.
changes in the interpretation of histopathology slides.
changes in report conclusions to make them look more favorable
were repeated occurrences.
8. G.D SEARLE & COMPANY(SERALE)
• Producer of pharmaceutical and food products like
Aldactone, Aspartame and Flagyl.
• Suspicions about Searle’s data were aroused in 1972 while
studies were being performed to gain approval for long-
term use of the prescription drug Flagyl, which had already
been approved for short-term use by the FDA.
• Aldactone caused cancer.
• Other misconducts:
Lack of personnel training
Deviations from study protocols
Problems related to documentation
Lack of quality control
9. • Based on the findings of these inspections, the final
GLP regulations were published on 22 December 1978
and became law on 20 June 1979.
• Proposed changes to the GLPs were published in 1984,
revisions were made, and Good Laboratory Practice
Regulations, The Final Rule, were published on 4
September 1987.
10. Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development(OECD)
The OECD Principles of GLP were first developed by
an Expert Group on GLP established in 1978 under the
Special program on the Control of Chemicals.
Principles of GLP were adopted by the OECD in 1981.
Expert Group was established in 1995 to develop a
proposal to revise the Principles of GLP.
11. The Revised OECD Principles of GLP were reviewed in
the relevant policy bodies of the Organisation and
were adopted by Council on 26 November, 1997.
Indian GLP Compliance Monitoring Authority - April,
2002.
