Regulations for drug approval in USA, E.U & India
Pharmaceutical industry is the most regulated of all the industries. Regulations are put in order to develop the most efficient and safe pharmaceutical products. It takes more than 8 to 15 years to develop a new drug product & costs more than $ 800 million.
Regulatory authorities (US-FDA, WHO and ICH)Sagar Savale
To promote the public health by promptly and efficiently reviewing clinical research and taking appropriate action on the marketing of regulated products in a timely manner.
With respect to such products, protect the public health by ensuring that the food are safe, Wholesome, sanitary, and properly labelled; human and veterinary drugs are safe and effective; there is reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of devices intended for human use; cosmetics are safe and properly labelled, and public health and safety are protected from the electronic product radiation.
Participates through appropriate process with representatives of other countries to reduce the burden of regulation, harmonize regulatory requirements, and achieve appropriate reciprocal arrangements.
Regulations for drug approval in USA, E.U & India
Pharmaceutical industry is the most regulated of all the industries. Regulations are put in order to develop the most efficient and safe pharmaceutical products. It takes more than 8 to 15 years to develop a new drug product & costs more than $ 800 million.
Regulatory authorities (US-FDA, WHO and ICH)Sagar Savale
To promote the public health by promptly and efficiently reviewing clinical research and taking appropriate action on the marketing of regulated products in a timely manner.
With respect to such products, protect the public health by ensuring that the food are safe, Wholesome, sanitary, and properly labelled; human and veterinary drugs are safe and effective; there is reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of devices intended for human use; cosmetics are safe and properly labelled, and public health and safety are protected from the electronic product radiation.
Participates through appropriate process with representatives of other countries to reduce the burden of regulation, harmonize regulatory requirements, and achieve appropriate reciprocal arrangements.
CENTRAL DRUG STANDARD CONTROL ORGANISATION (CDSCO)Vijay Banwala
this ppt covers all quary about the CDSCO ( central drug standard control organisation ,drug controller gernal of india and the organisation strectures
this ppt provides you all detail about the CDSCO
Regulatory requirnment and approval procedure of drugs in japan pptsandeep bansal
this ppt is about all the rules and regulations of drugs in Japan.this ppt contains the PMDA structure, DMF data, IND and NDA procedure, cosmetic regulations, post marketing survelliance etc.
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB/IEC).pptxRAHUL PAL
The International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) defines an institutional review board (IRB) as a group formally designated to protect the rights, safety and well-being of humans involved in a clinical trial by reviewing all aspects of the trial and approving its startup. IRBs can also be called independent ethics committees (IECs).
An IRB/IEC reviews the appropriateness of the clinical trial protocol as well as the risks and benefits to study participants. It ensures that clinical trial participants are exposed to minimal risk in relation to any benefits that might result from the research.
IRB/IEC members should be collectively qualified to review the scientific, medical and ethical aspects of the trial.
Per the FDA, an IRB/IEC should have:
At least five members.
Members with varying backgrounds.
At least one member who represents a non-scientific area (a lay member).
At least one member who is not affiliated with the institution or the trial site (an independent member).
Competent members who are able to review and evaluate the science, medical aspects and ethics of the proposed trial.
Turacoz Healthcare Solutions provides clinical research and regulatory writing services for pharmaceutical companies. We tell you about the different components of a clinical study protocol, the document which is prepared before beginning of any clinical trial. To know more info, visit- goo.gl/C1ec0L or write to us at hello@turacoz.in and call us 011-40584280.
Clinical study on human subjects according to all guidelines to form a ideal protocol and requirement to conduct clinical trial with very efficient way mainly considering to India and ICH associated countries
Requirements And Guidelines For Permission To Import / or Manufacture of New Drugs For Sale or To Undertake Clinical Trials
Schedule Y was introduced under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, to
introduce requirements for countries to get permission for:
Importing
Manufacturing new drugs
Conducting Clinical Trials.
Application for permission
Clinical Trial
Studies in specific population
Post marketing surveillance
Special studies: BA/BE studies
CENTRAL DRUG STANDARD CONTROL ORGANISATION (CDSCO)Vijay Banwala
this ppt covers all quary about the CDSCO ( central drug standard control organisation ,drug controller gernal of india and the organisation strectures
this ppt provides you all detail about the CDSCO
Regulatory requirnment and approval procedure of drugs in japan pptsandeep bansal
this ppt is about all the rules and regulations of drugs in Japan.this ppt contains the PMDA structure, DMF data, IND and NDA procedure, cosmetic regulations, post marketing survelliance etc.
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB/IEC).pptxRAHUL PAL
The International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) defines an institutional review board (IRB) as a group formally designated to protect the rights, safety and well-being of humans involved in a clinical trial by reviewing all aspects of the trial and approving its startup. IRBs can also be called independent ethics committees (IECs).
An IRB/IEC reviews the appropriateness of the clinical trial protocol as well as the risks and benefits to study participants. It ensures that clinical trial participants are exposed to minimal risk in relation to any benefits that might result from the research.
IRB/IEC members should be collectively qualified to review the scientific, medical and ethical aspects of the trial.
Per the FDA, an IRB/IEC should have:
At least five members.
Members with varying backgrounds.
At least one member who represents a non-scientific area (a lay member).
At least one member who is not affiliated with the institution or the trial site (an independent member).
Competent members who are able to review and evaluate the science, medical aspects and ethics of the proposed trial.
Turacoz Healthcare Solutions provides clinical research and regulatory writing services for pharmaceutical companies. We tell you about the different components of a clinical study protocol, the document which is prepared before beginning of any clinical trial. To know more info, visit- goo.gl/C1ec0L or write to us at hello@turacoz.in and call us 011-40584280.
Clinical study on human subjects according to all guidelines to form a ideal protocol and requirement to conduct clinical trial with very efficient way mainly considering to India and ICH associated countries
Requirements And Guidelines For Permission To Import / or Manufacture of New Drugs For Sale or To Undertake Clinical Trials
Schedule Y was introduced under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, to
introduce requirements for countries to get permission for:
Importing
Manufacturing new drugs
Conducting Clinical Trials.
Application for permission
Clinical Trial
Studies in specific population
Post marketing surveillance
Special studies: BA/BE studies
Drug Regulatory Affairs By Mr. Pankaj DhapadePankaj Dhapade
This presentation covers basic understandings of regulatory affairs profession. It contains,
1. Introduction of Regulatory Affairs
2. Why Drug Regulatory Affairs
3. Role of Regulatory Affairs Experts
4. Qualities of Regulatory Affairs Expert
5. Qualities for Submission Management
6. Regulatory Bodies
Investigated the market for cardiovascular medical devices and clinical research organizations (CROs) to understand what roles play in the development and FDA approval process for therapeutics.
Nutritional Labeling And Clinical Investigation And Evaluation Of Medical Dev...gauravpatil327512
Regulatory Aspects of Food and Nutraceuticals : "Nutritional Labeling And Clinical Investigation And Evaluation Of Medical Devices And IVDs Recommended Dietary Allowances in Europe "
CDSCO Biologicals - Rules, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards for Regulato...Mohamed Fazil M
M. Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs (MRA)
1st Semester - Regulations and Legislation for Biologics (MRA 104T)
Unit 2 - Rules, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards for Regulatory Filing of Biologicals
CDSCO Biologicals
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Content Box
CDSCO OTHER
ANVISA
MHRA & EMEA
TGA & MCC
USFDA & WHO
Vision, Mission,
Strategies, Values &
Functions of CDCSO
& GLP
Organization and
Health Infrastructure in
India
Evolution
Introduction to
Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare
2
4. CDSCO – An Outline
Organization and Health Infrastructure in India
Evolution of Indian Drug Legislation
Introduction to Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Vision, Mission, Strategies, Values of CDCSO
Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
4
5. Organization and Health Infrastructure in
India
Based on the federal nature of constitution, areas of operation
have been divided into
1. Central Government &
2. State Government
7th schedule of constitution describes 3 items namely:
a) Union List,
b) State List and
c) Concurrent list.
1. Public health,
2. Hospitals,
3. Sanitization etc.
1. Family Welfare,
2. Population Control,
3. Medical Education,
4. Prevention of Food
Adulteration,
5. Quality Control in
manufacturing of
drugs etc.
5
6. Evolution of Indian Drug Legislation
PREAMBLE
To regulate manufacture, sale, distribution and import of drugs,
cosmetics, biological, medical devices and other products.
OBJECTIVE
The Objective of Drugs & Cosmetics Act is to ensure that public are
supplied with safety, efficacy and quality of drugs (Sec. 3b).
6
7. Evolution of Indian Drug Legislation
BASIC PHILOSOPHY
The basic philosophy of Drugs & Cosmetics Act is that:-
1. The manufacturer is responsible for the quality of drugs
manufactured by them &
2. The government/Regulatory Agencies will monitor the quality of
drugs by
Periodic inspections
Monitoring – Post market surveillance.
7
8. PRINCIPLE
A System – manufacture , sale and distribution of Drugs &
Cosmetics are controlled.
DRUG REGULATORY SYSTEM IN INDIA
Drug is in concurrent list of Indian Constitution.
It is governed by both Central and State Governments under the
Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 thereunder.
Evolution of Indian Drug Legislation
8
9. Indian Drug Regulatory System:
Government of India
Ministry of Health
& Family Welfare
DGHS
Central Drugs
Standard
Control
Organization
(CDSCO)
Ministry of Science
& Technology
Indian
Council of
Medical
Research
(ICMR)
Council of
Scientific &
Industrial
Research
(CSIR)
BARC
(Radioactive)
Ministry of
Chemicals &
Petrochemicals
National
Pharmaceutical
Pricing Authority
(NPPA)
Department of
Chemical &
Petrochemicals
(DCP)
Department of
Pharmaceuticals
Ministry of
Commerce &
Industry
Patent
Office
Dept. of
Commerce &
Pharmexil
Controller
General of
Patent
DGFT
Ministry of
Environment &
Forest
GEAC-
[Genetic
Engineering
Approval
Committee]
Department of
Biotechnology
r-DNA
Advisory
Committee
Review
Committee
Genetic
Manipulation
9
10. • CDSCO
• ICMR
• GEAC
• DBT
• AERB
• BARC
• DTAB
• RCGM
• DCC
1. Laying down standards,
2. Clearance of new drugs,
3. CLAA items,
4. Banning Drugs,
5. Clinical Trails etc.
1. Formulates,
2. Coordinates and
3. Promotes biomedical research
&
4. Ethical Principles
1. Manufacture, Use, Import of
Hazards Microorganisms
Genetically Engineered
Organisms or Cells
It promote
transgenic research,
molecular biology of human
genetic disorders,
brain research, and
commercialization of
diagnostic kits and
vaccines for communicable
diseases
Promotes
Isotopes application in
Medicine &
monitoring usage of
radioactive materials
Advise
Central & State Govt. on
Technical Matters arising out
of the Drugs & CosmeticsNOC for
Clinical Trial &
r-DNA strains,
Advisory Committee to
DTAB and
Central & State Govt.
for uniform implementation of
Various provisions of the Act
Promotes
Radio therapy & Research,
Safety review for Gamma
Irradiators (Devices)
Functions
10
11. Introduction to Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(MOH&FW)
• MOH&FW comprises 04 departments each of which is headed by a
Secretary to the Govt. of India
i. Department of Health & Family welfare
ii. Department of AYUSH
iii. Department of Health Research
iv. Department of AIDS Control
NOTE: CDSCO is a separate division comes under DGHS, headed
by DCG(I).
• Public health is one of the major objectives of Govt. of India and to
achieve this
It is important that drugs/vaccines
are available to the public are :
Quality,
Safety,
Purity and
Efficacious
11
13. Functions of CDSCO
Approval of new drugs and clinical trials
Import Registration and Licensing
License approving of Blood Banks, LVPs, Vaccines, r-DNA,ETC
Amendment to D &C Act and Rules
Banning of drugs and cosmetics
Grant of Test License, Personal License, NOCs for Export
Testing of New Drugs
13
14. Principles of GLP andRegulatory requirements
Objectives of GLP
GLP makes sure that the data submitted are a true reflection of the results
that are obtained during the study.
GLP also makes sure that data is traceable.
Promotes international acceptance of tests.
14
15. What is GLP?
• Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) deals with the –
organization,
process and
conditions
under which laboratory studies are –
planned,
performed,
monitored, recorded,
reported &
archived.
• Intended to promote the quality and validity of test data (part 58 CFR
2).
15
16. GLP-Process Overview
Pharmaceutical product
Submitted to regulatory authority
Verification
Repetition of experiment or Reconstruction of all
activities activities
(Direct confirmation) ( Indirect confirmation)
Judgment taken
Accept / Reject
16
17. GLP Concerns
(as Per WHOTRS957 2010Guidelines )
GLP
Part 1
Management and
infrastructure
• Organization and
management
• Quality management
system
• Control of documentation
• Records
• Data-processing
equipment
• Personnel
• Premises
• Equipment, instruments
and other devices
• Contracts
Part 2
Materials,
equipment,
instruments and
other devices
• Reagents
• Reference
substances and
reference materials
• Calibration, verifi
cation of
performance and
• qualification of
equipment,
instruments and
other devices
• Traceability
Part 3
Working
procedures
• Incoming
samples
• Analytical
worksheet
• Validation of
analytical
procedures
• Testing
• Evaluation of
test results
• Certificate of
analysis
• Retained
samples
Part 4
Safety
• General
rules
17
18. GLP Concerns
(as Per Schedule- L1 Guidelines )
Internal Quality
System Audits
Premises
Personal
Equipments
Chemicals and Reagents
Quality System
Microbiological Cultures
Reference Materials
Maintenance, Calibration,
and
Validation of Equipments
Good House Keeping
and Safety
General Requirements
Management Review
Standard Operating
Procedures
Protocols and
Specifications Archive
Raw Data
Storage and Archival
GLP
18
20. WHO
• Specialized agency for health for US Nations.
• Established on 7th April, 1948.
• Governed by 192 states.
NOTE: States which are members of United Nations,
may become members of WHO.
NOTE: This day, 7th april, also known as the World
Health Day.
20
21. Responsibilities
• Global health matters.
• Shaping the health research agenda.
• Setting norms and standards.
• Articulating evidence based policy option.
• Providing technical support to countries.
• Monitoring and assessing health trends.
21
22. Organization
• Executive Board – 32 members.
• Term – 3 years.
• Head – Director General
• Head is appointed by Health assembly after
nomination by the executive board.
• Who member states – Divided in 6 regions.
22
23. Functions
• Worldwide guidance in the field of health.
• Set global standards for health.
• Cooperate with governments in strengthening
national health programs.
• Develop and transfer appropriate health technology
information.
23
24. WHO guidelines
• Guidelines covers:
1. Stability
2. Sampling
3. Production
4. Quality Control
5. Distribution
1. Stability studies of:
Final product
Test samples
Test conditions
Frequency of testing
& evaluation
1. Purpose
2. Controls to be
applied
3. Sampling operations
& precautions.
4. Storage & retention
5. Sampling for
regulatory purpose
6. Sampling plans for
starting material,
packaging, & final
product.
1. GMP
2. cGMP
1. Intl. specifications
2. WHO Model COA
3. Considersation for
sampling request
4. QC Lab
1. Guidelines for intl.
commerce.
GTDP
GDP
GSP
24
25. WHO – “6” Point Agenda
• Promoting development
• Fostering health security
• Strengthening health systems
• Harnessing research, information & evidence.
• Enhancing partnerships
• Improving performance.
25
27. US-FDA (Responsibilities)
• FDA is responsible for protecting the public health by
assuring the
safety,
efficacy and
security of human and veterinary drugs,
biological products,
medical devices,
US nation’s food supply,
cosmetics, and
products that emit radiation.
27
28. US-FDA (Responsibilities)…..
• FDA is also responsible for advancing the public health:-
1. By helping to speed innovations that make medicines more
effective,
safer, and
more affordable
2. By helping the public get the
accurate,
science-based information they need to use medicines
and
foods to maintain and improve their health.
28
29. US-FDA (What it Regulates)…..
• Foods
safety and truthful labelling - food products including
dietary supplements (except - livestock meat & poultry
products)
venison and other game meat
bottled water, food additives & infant formulas
29
30. US-FDA (What it Regulates)…..
• Human Prescription and Non-prescription Drugs
safety, effectiveness, quality, and labeling
manufacturing standards
Vaccines, Blood Products, and Other Biologics
product and manufacturing establishment licensing
safety of the nation's blood supply
research to establish product standards and develop
improved testing methods
30
31. US-FDA (What it Regulates)…..
• Medical Devices
from simple items like tongue depressors, to complex
technologies such as heart pacemakers
premarket approval of new devices
manufacturing and performance standards
tracking reports of device malfunctioning and serious
adverse reactions
31
32. US-FDA (What it Regulates)…..
• Electronic Products
products that give off radiation, such as microwave
ovens and X-ray equipment
radiation safety performance standards for microwave
ovens, television receivers, diagnostic
x-ray equipment, cabinet x-ray systems (such as
baggage x-rays at airports), laser products,
ultrasonic therapy equipment, mercury vapor lamps,
and sunlamps
accrediting and inspecting mammography facilities
32
33. US-FDA (What it Regulates)…..
• Cosmetics
safety
labelling
• Veterinary Products
livestock feeds
pet foods
veterinary drugs and devices
veterinary biologics not regulated by USDA are
considered new animal drugs
• Tobacco Product
33
34. US-FDA (What it NOT Regulates)…..
• ADVERTISING:
• CONSUMER PRODUCTS
• ILLEGAL DRUGS OF ABUSE
• HEALTH INSURANCE
• MEAT AND POULTRY
• RESTAURANTS AND GROCERY STORES
• VACCINES
34
37. EMEA
• Decentralized agency of European Union.
• Setup – 1995, Headquartered – London.
• Responsible for:
Scientific evaluation
Supervision of medicines
• Major responsibility:
Protection & promotion of Public & animal
healthcare
37
38. EMEA
• European procedures for marketing authorization:
Centralized (biotech & innovative medicines)
Mutual recognition (all except biotech)
• Co-operates closely with international parties like: ICH, FDA,
WHO,etc.
38
39. EMEA - Committee
• ‘6’ – Scientific Committees:
1. CHMP (Committee for medicinal products for Human use)
2.CVMP (Committee for medicinal products for Animal use)
3.COMP (Committee for Orphan Medicinal products)
4.HMPC (Committee for Herbal Medicinal products)
5.PDCO (Paediatric Committee)
6.CAT (Committee for Advanced therapy)
39
40. EMEA - Functions
• Pharmacovigilance
• Product defects reporting (PDR)
• Certification of a Medical Product
• PMF/VAMF Certifications
• Medicine for human or animal use.
• Paediatric formulation advantages.
40
42. MHRA
• Setup on April, 2003, London.
Early stages od DD
MOA
Drug Discovery
Preformulation
No interest
Clinical
Trials
Comes into play
42
43. MHRA - Regulates
1. Protecting public health through regulation
2. Promoting public health
3. Improving public health
43
44. MHRA - Objectives
1. Safeguard public health
2. Carry out the communication role (accurate, timely and
authoritative information)
3. Support research,
4. Influence the shape of the future regulatory framework (Intl.)
5. Organization - skilled and equipped workforce
44
45. MHRA – Objectives (Achieve)
1. Authorising medicines before they can be marketed, (safety +
Efficacy)
2. Ensuring clinical trials (meet robust standards and safeguard
patient’s interests)
3. Inspecting the quality of medicines
4. Overseeing UK-Notified Bodies(medical device manufacturers)
5. Encouraging everyone to report suspected problems
6. Investigating, and prosecuting (cases of non-compliance +
advertising claims) 45
47. ANVISA
• The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) was
created by Law 9782, enacted in 1999.
• It is a governmental regulatory agency characterized by its
administrative
independence,
financial autonomy, and
the stability of its directors.
NOTE: Ruled by a Collegiate Board of Directors composed of
five members.
47
49. MCC
• The Medicines Control Council applies standards laid down
by the Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, (Act
101 of 1965)
• It governs the –
manufacture,
distribution,
sale, and
marketing of medicines.
• The prescribing and dispensing of medicines – controlled -
the determination of schedules. 49
55. CRO
• CROs are the companies that execute most of the
outsourced R&D activities.
• Takes on several tasks - drug development process, -
not explicitly limited clinical trials.
• CROs are generally recognised as performing clinical
trial management.
55
57. CRO - functions
1. Functional outsourcing: fee-for-service model.
2. Full-service model, where CROs functions as a ‘one-
stop shop’ across the development cycle.
57
59. CRO - functions
• This includes activities such as:
design of study protocol,
case report
form design,
trial site and
investigator recruitment,
patient enrolment,
study monitoring and
Data collection, data management, report writing &
medical services 59
60. CRO – Additional functions
preclinical services,
laboratory services,
filing of Investigational New Drugs (INDs),
formulation, manufacturing and packaging services,
regulatory affairs services,
medical and safety reviews and
post-marketing studies
60
62. Outsourcing
• The strategic use of outside resources to perform
activities.
• traditionally handled by internal staff and resources.
• ADVANTAGES:
more effective
less time consuming
lower cost
62
63. Off-shoring
• The relocation by a company of a business process
from one country to another
• Typically an operational process, such as
manufacturing, or
supporting processes
• The economic logic here is to reduce costs by
lowering labour costs or tax advantages.
63
64. Selection of a Country for Outsourcing
• high patient enrolment rate
• profits of patent exclusivity (faster processing)
• broad spectrum of diseases,
• a more rapid approval of trials,
• availability of human resources and technical skills,
• differing ethnic responses to drugs and
• cost advantages
64
66. Ethical considerations
• how well trials in non traditional regions are
conducted.
• This includes
1. compliance with good clinical practice (GCP,
guidelines, as well as
2. adherence to the available framework for the
supervision of these trials
66
67. CRO- Industry
• Contract research is a multi-billion dollar industry
and has seen an explosive growth over the past
decade.
67
68. CRO- Top CRO’s
Quintiles Transnational Corp.
Covance
Pharmaceutical Product
Development
Charles River Laboratories
PAREXEL
ICON
INC Research
PharmaNet Development
Group Inc.
PRA International
-
CMIC
WuXi App Tec
Galapagos NV
LAB Research Inc
ReSearch Pharmaceutical
Services
Omnicare Clinical Research,
Inc
SGS
United BioSource Corporation
BioClinica
68
71. References
• Mariëtte van Huijstee & Irene Schipper. Putting Contract
Research Organisations on the Radar. SOMO, 2011.
• Report- Top 20 Contract Research Organizations (CRO) -
Asia-Pacific, Especially India and China, Positioned to Benefit
from Rising Financial and Regulatory Pressures in Western
Pharmaceutical Markets. GBI RESEARCH, 2011.
71
Editor's Notes
1.Good distri and trading prac for pharm prod
2.Good distri prac
3.Good storage prac
1. except for prescription drugs, medical devices, and tobacco products)
2. such as paint, child-resistant packages, baby toys, and household appliances (except for those that give off radiation
3. such as heroin and marijuana
4.
5. (except for game meats, such as venison, ostrich, and snake)
6. for infectious animal diseases
European legislation
European directorate for the Quality of medicine & healthcare
European medicine agency
Heads of medical agency
1.
2. by helping people who use these products to understand their risks and benefits.
3. by encouraging and facilitating developments in products that will benefit people.
regulate meet required standards, that they work and are acceptably safe
regulate meet required standards, that they work and are acceptably safe