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The End of the Cold War
Rise of Global Terrorism
Objectives


Examine rise of global terrorism.

Investigate biographical background of terror
leader, Osama bin Laden.
Vocabulary
mujahideen - Afghanistan guerilla fighter, “people doing
jihad”

Sunni/Shia Islam - sects of Islam determined by choices of
Mohammed’s followers

Ayatollah Khomeini - religious leader in Iran who oversaw
the Iranian Revolution of 1979

terrorism - acts of violence intended to cause fear

Saddam Hussein - leader of Iraq from 1979-2003

jihad - “struggle”; call for Islamic followers to strive for
some change
Cold War Ends
Evidence: Berlin Wall falls
(1989)

Germany Reunites - East and
West (1990)

Communist governments fall
across East Europe (1989-90)

Communist government falls in
Russia (1991)

USA ➙ still selling Big Macs
Why?
       Major factor: Money

       American economy stronger,
       able to grow through difficult
       times (market economy); Soviet
       economy inefficient (command
       economy)

         Arms Race

         Technology

         Innovation

       1980s: US President Ronald
       Reagan
Afghanistan (Soviet “Afghan
Trap”)
Vietnam: US fails to win; unpopular; expensive
(1950-1975) ➙ economically able to recover

1979 - USSR invades Afghanistan to ‘liberate’ Afghanistan

  Ill-prepared; local mujahideen prove stronger than
  expected

    Receive aid and support from many other countries,
    including US

1988 - USSR retreats ➙ failed to win; unpopular;
expensive ➙ not able to economically recover

Middle East ➙ chess board for superpowers
Middle East: Islam
Middle East - many nations with
different beliefs

  Most popular religion - Islam

Fundamental difference in Islamic
belief: Sunni and Shia

Sunni: Believe that after Muhammad
died, the Islamic faith was led by an
elected leader (Abu Bakr)

Shia: Believe that after Muhammad
died, his family should lead (cousin
Ali (Shia-t-Ali - party of Ali)
US Involvement
         Afghanistan - secret aid: military,
         money and training

         Iran - Long time US supported
         leader (Shah Rezi Pahlavi)
         overthrown; Ayatollah Khomeini
         ➙ Iran Hostage Crisis (1979)

         Iraq - US back Iraq in Iran-Iraq
         War (1984) ➙ retribution

         Israel & Palestinian conflict -
         consistently support Israel

         Net effect: Rising resentment of
         US
Terrorism
Acts of violence intended to cause fear

Goals can be political, religious or
ideological; domestic or international

  1970s - IRA (North Ireland)

  1972 - Munich Olympics; ‘Black
  September’ (Palestine)

  1983 - Beirut Bombing (Lebanon)

  1988 - Pan Am Flight 103 (Libya)

  1995 - Tokyo Subway - Sarin Gas
  (Japan)

  1995 - Oklahoma City (US)
US - Gulf War I
       Iraq invades Kuwait

       US leads UN coalition of forces (1990-91)

         Did not invade Iraq or remove Saddam
         Hussein

            Why not? ➙ fear of more radical Shia
            government replacing Sunni
            government under Hussein (Buffer)

       US Troops in Saudi Arabia ➙ close to Mecca

         US Support of Israel ➙ their control of
         Jerusalem

            Net effect ➙ rising ANGER against US
Global Terrorism Strikes US
Al Qaeda - political organization
from mujahideen; other groups rise
up too (Hamas, Islamic Jihad, etc.)

Call for jihad

  1993 - World Trade Center ➙
  truck bomb

  1998 - US Embassies in Dar es
  Salaam, Tanzania & Nairobi,
  Kenya ➙simultaneous bombing

  2000 - USS Cole in Aden, Yemen
  ➙ bombing

  2001 - World Trade Towers,
  Pentagon ➙ 9/11

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Global Terrorism

  • 1. The End of the Cold War Rise of Global Terrorism
  • 2. Objectives Examine rise of global terrorism. Investigate biographical background of terror leader, Osama bin Laden.
  • 3. Vocabulary mujahideen - Afghanistan guerilla fighter, “people doing jihad” Sunni/Shia Islam - sects of Islam determined by choices of Mohammed’s followers Ayatollah Khomeini - religious leader in Iran who oversaw the Iranian Revolution of 1979 terrorism - acts of violence intended to cause fear Saddam Hussein - leader of Iraq from 1979-2003 jihad - “struggle”; call for Islamic followers to strive for some change
  • 4. Cold War Ends Evidence: Berlin Wall falls (1989) Germany Reunites - East and West (1990) Communist governments fall across East Europe (1989-90) Communist government falls in Russia (1991) USA ➙ still selling Big Macs
  • 5. Why? Major factor: Money American economy stronger, able to grow through difficult times (market economy); Soviet economy inefficient (command economy) Arms Race Technology Innovation 1980s: US President Ronald Reagan
  • 6. Afghanistan (Soviet “Afghan Trap”) Vietnam: US fails to win; unpopular; expensive (1950-1975) ➙ economically able to recover 1979 - USSR invades Afghanistan to ‘liberate’ Afghanistan Ill-prepared; local mujahideen prove stronger than expected Receive aid and support from many other countries, including US 1988 - USSR retreats ➙ failed to win; unpopular; expensive ➙ not able to economically recover Middle East ➙ chess board for superpowers
  • 7. Middle East: Islam Middle East - many nations with different beliefs Most popular religion - Islam Fundamental difference in Islamic belief: Sunni and Shia Sunni: Believe that after Muhammad died, the Islamic faith was led by an elected leader (Abu Bakr) Shia: Believe that after Muhammad died, his family should lead (cousin Ali (Shia-t-Ali - party of Ali)
  • 8.
  • 9. US Involvement Afghanistan - secret aid: military, money and training Iran - Long time US supported leader (Shah Rezi Pahlavi) overthrown; Ayatollah Khomeini ➙ Iran Hostage Crisis (1979) Iraq - US back Iraq in Iran-Iraq War (1984) ➙ retribution Israel & Palestinian conflict - consistently support Israel Net effect: Rising resentment of US
  • 10. Terrorism Acts of violence intended to cause fear Goals can be political, religious or ideological; domestic or international 1970s - IRA (North Ireland) 1972 - Munich Olympics; ‘Black September’ (Palestine) 1983 - Beirut Bombing (Lebanon) 1988 - Pan Am Flight 103 (Libya) 1995 - Tokyo Subway - Sarin Gas (Japan) 1995 - Oklahoma City (US)
  • 11. US - Gulf War I Iraq invades Kuwait US leads UN coalition of forces (1990-91) Did not invade Iraq or remove Saddam Hussein Why not? ➙ fear of more radical Shia government replacing Sunni government under Hussein (Buffer) US Troops in Saudi Arabia ➙ close to Mecca US Support of Israel ➙ their control of Jerusalem Net effect ➙ rising ANGER against US
  • 12. Global Terrorism Strikes US Al Qaeda - political organization from mujahideen; other groups rise up too (Hamas, Islamic Jihad, etc.) Call for jihad 1993 - World Trade Center ➙ truck bomb 1998 - US Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania & Nairobi, Kenya ➙simultaneous bombing 2000 - USS Cole in Aden, Yemen ➙ bombing 2001 - World Trade Towers, Pentagon ➙ 9/11

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