10. Arabs were angered by the existence of a Jewish country on what they believe to be “Muslim lands” and planned to destroy Israel
11. Arab-Israeli Wars Arab countries tried to destroy Israel: 1948 Arab-Israeli War Six Day War (1967) Yom Kippur War (1973) Results: Arab countries were defeated and humiliated Israel gained more territory Israeli military occupied Arab territories of Gaza Strip, West Bank, and Golan Heights Israelis built settlements in occupied territories Many Palestinian Arabs became refugees (people who flee their homeland because of war or persecution)
12. Other Conflicts Palestinian-Israeli Conflict (1948-Present) Occupied territories To protect its people from attacks, Israel’s military tightened control over Palestinian territories The PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) was created to fight for the rights of the Palestinians Ongoing problems Some Palestinians want to destroy Israel, have intentionally targeted Israeli civilians, and refuse to live side by side in peace Israel withdrew from Gaza Strip &attacks against its civilians increased A separate country has not been created for Palestinians Israel refuses to remove military &Jewish settlements from West Bank
13. Other Conflicts The Suez Crisis (1956) Gamal Abdel Nasser used Egyptian military to take control of the Suez Canal from the British and French Great Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt The United States forced them to withdraw Egypt kept control of the Suez Canal Nasser became a hero in the Arab world
14. Other Conflicts Islamic Revolution in Iran (1979) The Shah (leader) tried to modernize Iran Created a secular (non-religious) government like those found in Western countries (Europe and the United States) Angered many Muslims Radical Muslims led by Ayatollah Khomeini took control of Iran’s government Set up government based on strict laws of Islam Limited people’s freedom Women’s rights were severely restricted Kidnapped 52 Americans from U.S. embassy Held for over 1 year U.S. refused to recognize Iranian government
15. Other Conflicts Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Iran (ruled by Shi’a Muslims) and Iraq (ruled by Sunni Muslims) had a history of religious differences Iraqi military invaded Iran in 1980 After 8 years of fighting, the war ended with nothing gained by either country Persian Gulf War (1990) Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein sent soldiers into neighboring Kuwait to take control of oil fields Coalition forces (led by the United States) forced Iraqi troops out of Kuwait Saddam stayed in power in Iraq
16. Islamic Terrorism Terrorism: intentional attacks on civilians to create fear and achieve political or religious goals Islamic Terrorism Not all terrorists are Muslims and most Muslims are not terrorists! However, many terrorist attacks have been carried out by radical Muslims over the past 30 years Hi-jacking of airplanes carrying westerners Bombings of American embassies in pre-dominantly Muslim countries Attacks against Western tourists Many suicide bombings against Israeli citizens
17. Islamic Terrorism September 11, 2001 (9/11) 4 passenger planes were hi-jacked 2 flew into the World Trade Center in NY City 1 flew into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. 1 (believed to be headed for the White House) brought down in a field in Pennsylvania by passengers who fought against the hi-jackers Thousands of Americans were killed Carried out by members of al-Qaeda (large Islamic terrorist group) Led by Osama bin Laden Many intentional attacks against civilians in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan Bombings of trains and buses in Spain and U.K.
18. Islamic Terrorism Reasons given for Islamic terrorist attacks The creation of Israel Western governments’ support for Israel U.S. military bases in the Middle East Influence of Western culture on people of Muslim countries Goals of Islamic Terrorists Destroy Israel Remove Western people/militaries/ideas from “Muslim lands” Remove secular governments from “Muslim Lands” Create a world-wide Islamic Empire
19. The Global War on Terror U.S. Declaration of War on Terrorism U.S. declared war on terrorists and any countries that harbor them The War in Afghanistan (2001-present) After 9/11 attacks the Taliban (radical Muslim government in Afghanistan) harbored and supported Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda terrorist group U.S. invaded Afghanistan, removed Taliban from power, and helped set up a democratic government U.S. continues to support the Afghan government in the fight against the Taliban and al-Qaeda
20. The Global War on Terror The War in Iraq (2003-present) Most countries believed Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction (WMD) Saddam used chemical weapons against Kurds and Iranians UN weapons inspectors were kicked out of Iraq The U.S. invaded Iraq, removed Hussein from power, and helped set up a democratic government No significant amount of “WMD” were found after invasion The war became unpopular in the U.S. and elsewhere U.S. is trying to help Iraq become independent “Insurgents” continue fighting Americans and Iraqi government Terrorists from have also come to Iraq to disrupt this process
