This document provides an overview of terrorism and the global war on terror. It defines terrorism and discusses its origins and history. It outlines different types of terrorism such as civil, political, non-political, and state terrorism. It discusses major terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram, and the Taliban. It also covers the 9/11 attacks and modern terrorism. Finally, it outlines the roles of different countries and organizations in the global war on terror, including the US, UN, NATO, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

2. WAQAR ALI
13054119-061

3. Global War on Terror
International Relation and Current Affairs

4. I N T R O D U C T I O N

5. WHAT IS TERRORISM ?
The use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to
create terror or fear, in order to achieve a political, religious,
or ideological aim.

6. Oxford
Government by Intimidation

7. ORIGON OF TERROR
HISTORY
"Terrorism" comes from the French word terrorisme and
originally referred specifically to state terrorism as practiced by
the French government during the 1793–1794 Reign of Terror.
The French word terrorisme in turn derives from the Latin verb
terrere meaning "to frighten“.

8. TYPE OF TERRORISM
i. CIVIL
ii. POLOTICAL
iii. NON POLITICAL
iv. QUASI TERRORIS ‫کوزائ‬) ((
v. Limited political terrorism
vi. Official or state terrorism

9. CIVIL disorder:
A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and
normal functioning of the community.
Political terrorism:
To create fear in community for political purpose.
Non-Political terrorism:
Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but to create and
maintain a high degree of fear for the purpose to gain individual or
collective achievement rather than the political objective.

10. Official or state terrorism:
Referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and
oppression.
Religious terrorism:
Terrorist acts throughout history have been performed on religious
grounds with the goal to either spread or enforce a system of belief, viewpoint
or opinion.

13. Modern Terrorism
The War on Terror (WoT) also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT)
U.S. President George W. Bush first used the term "War on Terror" on 20
September 2001.
In 2013, President Barack Obama announced that the United States was no
longer pursuing a War on Terror, as the military focus should be on specific
enemies rather than a tactic. He stated, "We must define our effort not as a
boundless ‘Global War on Terror’”.
In 2017 Donald Trump assumed presidency of the United States and vowed that
the fight against ISIL is his number one priority.

14. 9/11 INCIDENT
On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 men affiliated with
al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California The
hijackers intentionally crashed two airliners into the Twin
Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City The
hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington
County, Virginia, just outside Washington D.C. The fourth plane
crashed into a field near Shanks Ville, Pennsylvania.

17. ORGANIZATION OF TERRORISM
i. AL-QAEDA
ii. AQIM
iii. AQAS
iv. BOKO HARAM
v. ISIL
vi. TALIBAN

18. Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda meaning "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament“ is a militant Sunni Islamist
multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam and several other
Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s.
Leadership:
Osama bin Laden (1988-2011)
Ayman al-Zawahiri (2011-pesent)

19. 1957 -- Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden is born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
He is the 17th of 54 children fathered by Muhammad Awad bin Laden, a Yemeni
immigrant who built a billion-dollar construction company in Saudi Arabia. His
mother is Hamida al-Attas, from Syria.
1979-- Bin Laden graduates from King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah with a degree
in public administration and economics. He goes to Afghanistan to join the "jihad," or
"holy war," against the Soviet Union.
1989 -- The Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan. Bin Laden returns to Saudi
Arabia to work for the family construction firm, the Bin Laden Group.
August 7, 1990 -- Following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, U.S. troops arrive in Saudi
Arabia in order to have a close base to eventually go after Iraqi leader Saddam
Hussein's troops. Bin Laden becomes outraged at the U.S. forces' presence near the
Muslim holy sites of Mecca and Medina
USAMA BIN LADAN

20. What they Want?
They believe that everyone should be a muslim and should live under islamic law. They believe
their religion is the one true religion.

21. AQIM (Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb , Algerian )
AQAP (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula , Yemen and Saudi Arabia , January 2009)
AQIS(al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent , Pakistan, India, Bangladesh , September 2014)

22. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant(ISIL)
Known As…
"ISIL", "ISIS", "Daish", "Daesh", and "Islamic State group“
Is a militant Islamic group that follows a fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.
ISIL gained global prominence in early 2014 when it drove Iraqi government forces out of
key cities in its Western Iraq offensive followed by its capture of Mosul.

24. L e a d e r s :
Leader: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Deputy leader in Iraq: Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi
Deputy leader in Syria: Abu Ali al-Anbari
Deputy leader in Libya: Abdel Baqer Al-Najdi
Military chief: Abu Saleh al-Obaidi
Head of the Shura Council: Abu Arkan al-Ameri
Chief spokesperson: Abu Mohammad al-Adnani
Chief of Syrian military operations: Abu Omar al-Shishani
Minister of War: Gulmurod Khalimov
Minister of Information: Wa’il Adil Hasan Salman al-Fayad
Spokesman: Abul-Hasan Al-Muhajir (foreign fighter)

25. GOALS
According to German journalist Jürgen Todenhöfer, who spent ten days
embedded with ISIL in Mosul, the view he kept hearing was that ISIL wants to
"conquer the world“.

26. Boko Haram
Boko Haram, referred to by themselves as al-Wilāyat al-Islāmiyya Gharb Afrīqiyyah
(Arabic: ‫أفريقيا‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوالية‬ ,( Islamic State West Africa Province, ISWAP) and
Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād (Arabic: ‫والجهاد‬ ‫للدعوة‬ ‫السنة‬ ‫أهل‬ ‫جماعة‬ ," Group
of the People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad") is an Islamic extremist group
based in northeastern Nigeria northern Cameroon.
Leaders:
Abu Musab al-Barnawi (appointed by ISIL)
Abubakar Shekau
Mohammed Yusuf (founder)
The group had alleged links to al-Qaeda, but in March 2015, it announced its
allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Since the current
insurgency started in 2009, it has killed 20,000 and displaced 2.3 million from their
homes and was ranked as the world's deadliest terror group by the Global Terrorism
Index in 2015.

27. The Taliban ("students") which recently changed their name and identity to Islamic
Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement
in Afghanistan.
ERA
1994–1996 (militia)
1996–2001 (government)
2002–present (insurgency)
Taliban

28. Leaders:
Mohammed Omar (Founder, 1994–2013)
Mullah Akhtar Mansour (2013–2016)
Hibatullah Akhundzada (current leader, 2016–present)

29. Strength Allies
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
45,000 (2001 est.)
11,000 (2008 est.)
36,000 (2010 est.)
60,000 (2014 est.)
Haqqani network
al-Qaeda
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Caucasus Emirate
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (till 2016)
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

30. COUNTRIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVES
NATO PARTICIPENT
i. US (Leader)
ii. UK
iii. FRANCE
iv. GERMANY
v. Belgium
vi. Romania
vii. Spain
viii. Turkey
ix. Norway
x. Italy
NON NATO PARTICIPENT
i. PAKISTAN
ii. AFGHANISTAN
iii. IRAQ
iv. SYRIA
v. Egypt
vi. Libya
vii. Yemen
viii. Somalia
ix. Lebanon
x. Nigeria

31. United State Role
After September 2001, The Authorization for the use of Military Force Against
Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of
United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September
2001.
George W. Bush Objective:
The George W. Bush administration defined the following objectives in the War on Terror
1) Defeat terrorists such as Osama bin Laden, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and demolish their
organizations
2) Identify, locate and demolish terrorists along with their organizations
3) Deny sponsorship, support and sanctuary to terrorists
4) Defend U.S. citizens and interests at home and abroad

32. United Nation Role
While countering terrorism has been on the agenda of the United Nations System for
decades, the attacks against the United States on 11 September 2001 prompted the
Security Council which for the first time established the Counter-Terrorism
Committee (CTC)
In November 2004, a Secretary-General of the United Nations report described terrorism as any
act "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the
purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization
to do or abstain from doing any act"
Five years later, all Member States of the General Assembly for the first time agreed on a
common strategic framework to fight the scourge of terrorism: the UN Global Counter-
Terrorism Strategy

33. United Nations to save refugees.

35. NATO ROLE
International Security Assistance Force:
The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core
of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia,
Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000
Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special
forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. The
monthly supply of cargo
containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in
Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around
12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.

36. Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom:
Operation Enduring Freedom is the official name used by the Bush administration for the War
in Afghanistan, together with three smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the Global
War on Terror.
What happened!!!!
On 20 September 2001, in the wake of the 11 September attacks, George W. Bush delivered an
ultimatum to the Taliban government of Afghanistan, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, to
turn over Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda leaders operating in the country or face attack. The
Taliban demanded evidence of bin Laden's link to the 11 September attacks and, if such
evidence warranted a trial, they offered to handle such a trial in an Islamic Court. The U.S.
refused to provide any evidence

37. Pakistan
Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez
Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan
after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to
give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom.
In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi
organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood
Azhar head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed chief of
the Lashkar-e-Taiba and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban
was imposed on the groups on 12 January

39. Main Objective
The Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah, was arrested by Pakistani officials
during a series of joint U.S. and Pakistan raids during the week of 23 March 2002.
Later that year on 11 September 2002, Ramzi bin al-Shibh was arrested in Pakistan after a three-hour
gunfight with police forces. Bin al-Shibh is known to have shared a room with Mohamed Atta in Hamburg,
Germany and to be a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations
On 1 March 2003, Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was arrested during CIA-led raids on the suburb of
Rawalpindi, nine miles outside of the Pakistani capital of Islamabad.

40. Casualties
Iraq Body Count project documented 110,937–121,227 civilian deaths from violence from March
2003 to December 2012. 4,409 U.S. military dead (929 non-hostile deaths), and 31,926 wounded
in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom
Afghanistan: between 10,960 and 249,000.
Pakistan: Between 1467 and 2334 people were killed in U.S. drone attacks as of 6 May 2011. Tens of
thousands have been killed by terrorist attacks, millions displaced.
Somalia: 7,000+
US: between 50,000 to 1,25,000

41. Expense
A March 2011 Congressional report estimated spending related to the war through the fiscal
year 2011 at $1.2 trillion.
According to the Soufan Group in July 2015, the United States government spends $9.4 million
per day in operations against ISIS in Syria and Iraq

42. CRITISISM ON GLOBAL WAR
Think about it....
The United States (U.S.) is at war with terror. Not with a country, not with a specific
terrorist organization, but with terror. So technically, the U.S. is at war with every
single terrorist and terrorist cell around the world. Terrorism will always exist. There
will always be extremists ready to commit acts of terrorism for whatever reason they
may have. If the U.S. remains in this war on terror, then the war will NEVER END.
Casualties:
The war on terror launched by George W. Bush Jr. has led to the deaths of at least 227,000
people.