The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to receivers on Earth and in space. GPS uses a constellation of at least 24 satellites that orbit Earth. Receivers triangulate their position by calculating distances to four or more satellites, and can determine location to within a few meters. GPS has both military and civilian uses, including navigation, tracking shipments, surveying land, and guiding farm equipment. It is free for civilian use and maintained by the U.S. Department of Defense.
GPS helps us identify exact location of a place/feature in the globe. Now-a-days we can carry out survey, enter data and process data. GPS is very helpful in soil survey
GPS helps us identify exact location of a place/feature in the globe. Now-a-days we can carry out survey, enter data and process data. GPS is very helpful in soil survey
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Global positioning system_Surveying, Civil EngineeringA Makwana
(GPS) technology is a great boon to anyone who has the need to navigate either great or small distances.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a burgeoning technology, which provides unequalled accuracy and flexibility of positioning for navigation, surveying and GIS data capture.
The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in real-time or in post-processing mode.
We at GPS Tracking System deals in variety of security gadgets includes GPS Tracking System, GPRS Tracking System, Home Security systems, Mobile Network Signal Booster
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Global positioning system_Surveying, Civil EngineeringA Makwana
(GPS) technology is a great boon to anyone who has the need to navigate either great or small distances.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a burgeoning technology, which provides unequalled accuracy and flexibility of positioning for navigation, surveying and GIS data capture.
The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in real-time or in post-processing mode.
We at GPS Tracking System deals in variety of security gadgets includes GPS Tracking System, GPRS Tracking System, Home Security systems, Mobile Network Signal Booster
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that can provide people who use it with their exact position on Earth, tell them how to get to another location, how fast they are moving, where they have been, how far they have gone, what time it is. GPS was originally designed to help the U.S. military with finding the accurate location of their soldiers, vehicles, planes and ships around the world. Now, GPS is used in cellular phones, navigation and map making.
Space segmentsGPS satellites fly in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,550 miles). Each satellite circles the Earth twice a day.The satellites in the GPS constellation are arranged into six equally-spaced orbital planes surrounding the Earth. Each plane contains four "slots" occupied by baseline satellites. This 24-slot arrangement ensures users can view at least four satellites from virtually any point on the planet.
The control segment
The control segment of the GPS system consists of a worldwide network of tracking stations.
The master control station (MCS) located in the United States at Colorado Springs, Colorado.
The primary task of the operational control segment is tracking the GPS satellites in order to determine and predict satellite locations, system integrity, behavior of the satellite atomic clocks, atmospheric data, the satellite almanac, and other considerations.
The User segment
The user segment includes all military and civilian users. With a GPS receiver connected to a GPS antenna, a user can receive the GPS signals, which can be used to determine his or her position anywhere in the world. GPS is currently available to all users worldwide at no direct charge.
How it work?When a GPS receiver is first turned on, it downloads orbit information from all the satellites called an almanac.Once this information is downloaded, it is stored in the receiver’s memory for future use. The GPS receiver calculates the distance from each satellite to the receiver by using the distance formula: distance = velocity x time.The receiver determines position by using triangulation. When it receives signals from at least three satellites the receiver should be able to calculate its approximate position (a 2D position). The receiver needs at least four or more satellites to calculate a more accurate 3D position. The position can be reported in latitude/longitude.
The two GPS codes are;-
Coarse acquisition (or C/A-code)
Precision (or P-code).
The C/A-code is modulated onto the L1 carrier only, while the P-code is modulated onto both the L1 and the L2 carriers. This modulation is called biphase modulation, because the carrier phase is shifted by 180° when the code value changes from zero to one or from one to zero.
Source of GPS error
Satellite clock errors: Caused by slight discrepancies in each satellite’s four atomic clocks. Errors are monitored and corrected by the Master Control Station.
Orbit errors:Satellite orbits.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
3. What I want to talk about?
Definition of GPS.
Determining position.
Applications in military, navigation,
surveying,… .
4. Definition:
The Global Positioning System, usually
called GPS, is the only fully-functional
satellite navigation system(allow small
electronic devices to determine their
location (Longitude, Latitude, and Altitude)
in within a few meters using time signals
transmitted along a line of sight by radio
from satellites. Receivers on the ground
with a fixed position can also be used to
calculate the precise time as a reference for
scientific experiments.)
6. Definition (cont…):
GPS has become a vital global utility,
indispensable for modern navigation on land,
sea, and air around the world, as well as an
important tool for map-making and land
surveying. GPS also provides an extremely
precise time reference, required for
telecommunications and some scientific
research, including the study of earthquakes.
GPS receivers can also gauge altitude and
speed with a very high degree of accuracy.
7. NAVSTAR:
The United States Department of
Defense developed the system, officially
named NAVSTAR GPS (Navigation
Signal Timing and Ranging Global
Positioning System), and launched the
first experimental satellite in 1978.
8. GPS as public good:
Although the cost of maintaining the
system is approximately 400 million$
per year, including the replacement
of aging satellites, GPS is available
for free use in civilian applications as
a public good. In late 2005, the first in
a series of next-generation GPS
satellites was added to the
constellation, offering several new
capabilities, including a second
civilian GPS signal called L2C for
enhanced accuracy and reliability.
9. This taxi in Kyoto equipped with
GPS navigation, is an example
of how GPS technology can be
applied in routine activities.
This is a great little GPS
receiver that lets you know
where you are, and where you
need to go. It's Bluetooth so you
can use it in your pocket, with
your iPAQ or laptop, and with
whichever software your
choose. your love this device.
10. Accuracy:
The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a
"constellation" of at least 24 well-spaced satellites that
orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with
ground receivers to pinpointtheir geographic location.
The location accuracy is anywhere from 1 to 100
meters depending on the type of equipment used . In
coming years it reduce into 1cm with DGPS(. The
DGPS eliminates selective availability (SA) and
provides a much more accurate determination of
time and position). The GPS is owned and operated
by the U.S. Department of Defense, but is available for
general use around the world.
11. How does it work:
GPS works like this:
A minimum of 24 GPS satellites are in orbit at 20,200
kilometers (12,600 miles) above the Earth. The
satellites are spaced so that from any point on Earth, at
least four satellites will be above the horizon.
Each satellite contains a simple computer, atomic
clocks, and various radios. With an understanding of its
own orbit and the clock, the satellite continually
broadcasts its changing position and time. The
satellites use their on-board atomic clocks to keep
precise time, but are otherwise very simple and
unsophisticated when compared to other modern
spacecraft.
12. Determining Position
A GPS receiver "knows" the
location of the satellites. By
estimating how far away a
satellite is, the receiver also
"knows" it is located
somewhere on the surface
of an imaginary sphere
centered at the satellite. It
then determines the sizes of
several spheres, one for
each satellite. The receiver
is located where these
spheres intersect.
13. • 1- Satellite's position is
determined relative to
the Earth.
• 2- Location on Earth is
located relative to the
satellite.
• 3- THEN the Location's
position on the Earth
can be determined from
the VECTOR sum of
the other two
measurements. All
measurements must
are done to such a
precision that the
location on the Earth is
known to within 15 m.
14. METHODS:
The distance from the satellite is determined by the
time it takes for a radio wave to reach the site from
the satellite.
distance = (speed of light) x (time of flight)
This is very simple but there are a few difficulties:
The receiver clock is not exactly synchronized with
the satellite clock so the time of flight will be
imprecise.
The satellite and receiver are in different velocity
reference frames and gravitational regimes .
The speed of light is 300,000 km/s in a vacuum.
However, while traveling through the Earth
Ionosphere and Troposphere, the radio waves
travel at slightly slower speeds.
15. Method(cont…)
The location is a vector and
must also include direction. In
order to do this, distances
from several satellites are
required. This is called
triangulation. We wish to find
our latitude, longitude and
height above the center of the
Earth. These are three
different numbers and would
require distances to three
different satellites
16. Receivers:
If the receiver is also equipped with a display
screen that shows a map, the position can be
shown on the map.
If a fourth satellite can be received, the
receiver/computer can figure out the altitude as
well as the geographic position.
If you are moving, your receiver may also be
able to calculate your speed and direction of
travel and give you estimated times of arrival to
specified destinations.
Some specialized GPS receivers can also
store data for use in Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) and map making.
17. Receivers (cont…):
Many different types of receivers have become
less and less expensive in recent years. They are
now portable enough to put in your pocket.
Internal active antenna are sensitive enough to
pick up 8 satellites even under tree cover. An
external antenna is still better and more flexible.
18. GPS 315
• Affordable and easy to use, the GPS
315 is the ultimate outdoor guide.
Nine easy-to-follow graphic
navigation screens show bearing,
heading, distance, speed and more
on a high-resolution.
19. Applications:
GPS has different uses such as:
Military
Navigation
Mobile satellite communication
Location based services
Surveying
agriculture
20. Military:
GPS allows accurate targeting of various
military weapons including cruise
missiles and precision-guided munitions,
as well as improved command and
control of forces through improved
locational awareness. The satellites also
carry nuclear detonation detectors,
which form a major portion of the United
States Nuclear Detonation Detection
System. Civilian GPS receivers are
required to have limits on the velocities
and altitudes at which they will report
coordinates.
21. Navigation
GPS is used by people around the world as a
navigation aid in cars, airplanes, and ships.
Personal Navigation Devices(PND) such as
hand-held GPS are used by mountain
climbers and hikers. Glider pilots use the
logged signal to verify their arrival at turn
points in competitions. Low cost GPS
receivers are often combined with PDAs, cell
phones, car computers, or vehicle tracking
systems.. The system can be used to
automate harvesters, mine trucks, and other
vehicles.
22. Mobile Satellite
Communications :
Satellite communications systems permit
"remotes” to communicate with "hubs"
via satellites. A typical system uses
satellites in geosynchronous orbit: this
requires a directional antenna (usually a
"dish") that is pointed at the satellite.
When the "remote" is portable, as on a
ship or a train, the antenna must be
pointed based on its current location.
Essentially all modern antenna
controllers incorporat a GPS receiver to
provide this location information.
23. Location-based services :
GPS functionality can be used by
emergency services and location-based
services to locate mobile phones.
Assisted GPS is a GPS technology often
used by the mobile phone because it
reduces the power requirements of the
mobile phone and increases the
accuracy of the location obtained.
24. Location-based
services :
GPS receivers come in a variety of formats,
from devices integrated into cars, phones,
and watches, to dedicated devices .The
availability of hand-held GPS receivers for a
cost of about US$90 and up has led to
recreational applications including location-
based games like the popular game
Geocaching. Geocaching involves using a
hand-held GPS unit to travel to a specific
longitude and latitude to search for objects
hidden by other geocachers.
25. Surveying:
More costly and precise receivers are used
by land surveyors to locate boundaries,
structures, and survey markers, and for
road construction. There is also a growing
demand for Machine Guidance such as
Automatic Grade Control systems that use
GPS positions plans to automatically control
the blades and buckets of construction
equipment.
26. Agriculture :
GPS Machine Guidance is used for
tractors and other large agricultural
machines via auto steer or a visual aid
displayed on a screen, which is
extremely useful for controlled traffic
and row crop operations and when
spraying. As well as guidance, GPS
used in harvesters with yield monitors
can provide a yield map of the
paddock being harvested.
28. Thank youThank you !!
• an essay by Larry Bogan ,December 18, 1998.
• http//www.gpsuser.pdf.
• http://www.erols.com/dlwilson/gpscomp.htm
• www. Wikipedia .com