The document discusses issues with existing transportation systems like population increase leading to traffic congestion, unreliable service, and long waiting times. It then lists several benefits of improving transportation systems such as reliable and safe journeys, reduced pollution and accidents, lower fuel consumption and costs, improved quality of life, and economic benefits. The document also provides details on construction methods for pile foundations, including using a pile cap, grade beam, and columns to support a retaining wall. Site soil properties and compaction methods are described. Personal protective equipment for construction worker safety is emphasized.

1. PresentedBy:
Ghazanfar Hussain
B.Tech (Civil)- 7th Sem.
11-CES-18
Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi-110025

2. POPULATION
INCREASE
TRAFFIC
CONGESTION
• UNRELIABLE
SERVICE
• LONG WAITING
TIMES
EXISTING
SYSTEM FAILURE

3. Reliable and safe journey
Reduction in atmospheric pollution
Reduction in accident
Reduced fuel consumption
Reduced vehicle operating costs
Improvement in the quality of life
More attractive city for economic investment
and growth
Time saving for commuters

4. Function of the Depot:
 Wagan Parts Repairs;
 Locomotive Maintenance;
 Track and Signal Maintenance;
 Wagan Storage; etc.

5. Retaining Wall
Building

12. Weep
holes

13. (Method of construction)
• Pile foundation is a type
of deep foundation.
• Dia of pile=0.6m
• Depth of pile =20m

14. • It should pass through marsh cone in 37
sec for required viscosity
• Its specific gravity must be 1.0-
1.1(hydrometer is used for measuring
specific gravity)

15. Marsh Cone Test Specific gravity test

16. Reinforcement
In Pile
Foundation

17. Concreting in Pile

19. Column
Pile cape Grade beam

20. • Static Pile load test was performed on a pile
foundation of P-way store and offices region
according to IS 2911:Part 4(1985).
• Preparation of Pile Head
• Application of Load
• Reaction

21. The safe load on single pile for
the initial test should be least
of the following:
a) Two-thirds of the final load at which the total displacement
attains a value of 12 mm.
b) 50 percent of the final load at which the total displacement
equal 10 percent of the pile diameter in case of uniform
diameter piles and 7.5 percent of bulb diameter in case of
under-reamed piles

23. • Recording the Reading in Dial Guages

24. • Soil is sandy clay in this site.
• For better compaction:
i) Dry Density of Soil should be more than 1.7 g/cc
but in this site the Dry Density of Soil was 1.97 g/cc
ii) Free from Organic Matter. Density of Soil
can be found out by Core Cutter method In
the field.

25. • Dry Density =
where,
M= Mass of Soil in Core Cutter
V= Volume of Core Cutter
W= Moisture Content in %age.

28. Motor
grader
Vibratory Roller(10 to 12 ton capacity)
Vibratory
Roller
and
Mortar Grader

29. • Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE): All persons engaged in
construction activities will be
provided with, and wear the
appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment. At all
times
• Safety Helmet
• Safety Footwear
• Safety Gloves