Geothermal Energy: Advantages, Disadvantages, Economics and Policy
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Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source generated within the earth that can be used directly for heating or converted to electricity. It has several advantages including being renewable, producing zero emissions, requiring less space than other energy sources, and providing a stable source of employment. However, it also has disadvantages such as high initial installation costs, requiring complex systems with high maintenance needs, and the risk of resource depletion if withdrawal rates are too high. While the costs of generating electricity from geothermal sources are relatively low once facilities are established, the initial capital investments tend to be high. Governments can implement policies like incentives, public-private partnerships, and risk insurance programs to promote greater development and use of geothermal energy resources.
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Geothermal Energy(By Mithun Kumer Ghose)dufelt
Geothermal energy harnesses heat from within the Earth to provide clean, renewable energy. It is available everywhere as heat continuously flows from the Earth's interior. Geothermal energy can generate electricity through steam turbines or be used directly for heating. Common electricity generation methods include flash steam, binary cycle, and hot dry rock plants. Geothermal energy has significant potential but may cause subsidence or release hazardous gases if not managed properly. It provides baseload power with very low emissions and land use compared to fossil fuels.
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Geothermal energy harnesses heat from below Earth's surface. It is generated by radioactive decay within the earth's crust. Geothermal power plants drill wells to access hot water or steam underground, which is used to power turbines for electricity generation. There are direct uses of geothermal heat as well for heating buildings and greenhouses. While geothermal resources are limited to specific geographic locations, it provides renewable baseload power with fewer emissions than fossil fuels.
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Geothermal energy comes from heat generated deep within the Earth, either directly as steam or hot water, or from hot rocks. It is produced through geothermal reservoirs and systems, with high temperature reservoirs above 150°C suitable for commercial electricity production. Power plants use dry steam, flash steam, or binary cycle processes to convert geothermal heat into electricity. Geothermal energy has advantages of being renewable, reducing emissions and fossil fuel dependence, but is limited by the locations of suitable geothermal resources.
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Geothermal energy is heat energy stored in the Earth that is generated by radioactive decay, residual heat from the Earth's formation, and meteorite impacts. There are three main types of geothermal resources - natural steam reservoirs, geo-pressured reservoirs, and hot water reservoirs. Geothermal systems work by sending water down wells to be heated by the Earth's warmth, then using a heat pump to transfer that heat for uses like space heating before injecting the cooled water back underground. Geothermal energy has many applications and advantages like being a sustainable, homegrown, and low emissions energy source, but it can cause land subsidence if not managed properly and release hazardous gases. India has geothermal potential from its
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The Earth's core reaches temperatures over 7000°C, providing a source of geothermal energy in areas where heat from the core reaches shallow depths near the surface. Geothermal energy has been used for centuries for heating but more recently can also generate electricity using different plant designs like dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants. The first geothermal power plant was built in Italy in 1911. Geothermal energy provides a renewable and low-emission source of electricity without contributing to global warming. While widespread, locations suitable for geothermal plants are limited and resources can become depleted over time.
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Our earth’s interior - like the sun – provides energy from nature. This heat – geothermal energy – yields warmth and power that we can use without polluting the environment.
Geothermal heat originates from Earth’s fiery consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago. At earth core – 4,000 miles deep – temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees F
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Geothermal energy harnesses heat from below Earth's surface. It is generated by radioactive decay within the earth's crust. Geothermal power plants drill wells to access hot water or steam underground, which is used to power turbines for electricity generation. There are direct uses of geothermal heat as well for heating buildings and greenhouses. While geothermal resources are limited to specific geographic locations, it provides renewable baseload power with fewer emissions than fossil fuels.
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Geothermal energy comes from heat generated deep within the Earth, either directly as steam or hot water, or from hot rocks. It is produced through geothermal reservoirs and systems, with high temperature reservoirs above 150°C suitable for commercial electricity production. Power plants use dry steam, flash steam, or binary cycle processes to convert geothermal heat into electricity. Geothermal energy has advantages of being renewable, reducing emissions and fossil fuel dependence, but is limited by the locations of suitable geothermal resources.
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Geothermal energy is heat energy stored in the Earth that is generated by radioactive decay, residual heat from the Earth's formation, and meteorite impacts. There are three main types of geothermal resources - natural steam reservoirs, geo-pressured reservoirs, and hot water reservoirs. Geothermal systems work by sending water down wells to be heated by the Earth's warmth, then using a heat pump to transfer that heat for uses like space heating before injecting the cooled water back underground. Geothermal energy has many applications and advantages like being a sustainable, homegrown, and low emissions energy source, but it can cause land subsidence if not managed properly and release hazardous gases. India has geothermal potential from its
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The Earth's core reaches temperatures over 7000°C, providing a source of geothermal energy in areas where heat from the core reaches shallow depths near the surface. Geothermal energy has been used for centuries for heating but more recently can also generate electricity using different plant designs like dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants. The first geothermal power plant was built in Italy in 1911. Geothermal energy provides a renewable and low-emission source of electricity without contributing to global warming. While widespread, locations suitable for geothermal plants are limited and resources can become depleted over time.
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Geothermal power plants use thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth to generate electricity. There are two main types - dry steam plants that use steam directly, and flash steam plants that use steam produced from high-pressure hot water. Geothermal energy has significant cost savings over fossil fuels due to low operating costs and no fuel usage. While beneficial for the environment, geothermal plants are only suitable for regions with sufficient underground heat and may release harmful gases.
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Geothermal Energy: Advantages, Disadvantages, Economics and Policy
- 1. Geothermal Energy: Advantages, Disadvantages, Economics and Policy Course No. ES 3107 Course Title: Energy and Environment Date: 25 March, 2019 Submitted to: Abdullah-Al-Masud Assistant Professor, Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. Submitted by: 171046,171049,161056,161063
- 2. Geothermal Energ y • Introduction Renewable energy which is generated within the earth. Used directly for heating or transformed into electricity. Originates from the original formation of the planet and from rad ioactive decay of materials. Cost-effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
- 3. Impacts • Advantages PROS Renewable energy source. Extracted geothermal fluids can be re-injected Geothermal fluids include- silic a, Zn, Li, Mg, K, Cu, Ag, Au etc. Oil and gas extraction. Systems use 25% to 50% less elec tricity. Requires less space for hardware. Nearly zero air emission. Lessen the load on fossil fuel. Smallest surface land footpri nt. Provides a stable source of e mployment. No external cost Huge opportunity. Provides clean and domestic energy. Can fulfill energy need. Globally Inexhaustible Environmental Benefits Coproduction of Minerals and Natural Fuel High Efficiency Economic Benefits Energy Stability for Developing Countries
- 4. Impacts • Disadvantages CONS Unsustainably high withdrawal rate. Inadequate reinjection practices. Intial installation cost is high. Complex system require high in vestment. Maintenance requires high skill. Increases operational cost. Some contain non-condensable gases. Can emit CO2 and H2S Can not be traded across the boundary. Resource is location-constrained. Takes a lot of time to research. Long time process can discourage investers. Resource Depletion Greenhouse Emission High Investment Cost Sophisticated Maintenance Land Requirements and Non-Tradability Long Project Development Cycle
- 5. Geothermal Energ y • Economics Initial installation cost can be very high. But the electricity can be sold for a large profit compared to other sources. Very low maintenance and operation costs which often range from $0.01 to $0.03 per kWh. Employment created through geothermal production, development and use vary widely.
- 6. Geothermal Energ y • Economics: Continued
- 7. Geothermal Ener gy • Policy 02 P. P. P. Investment support- capital grants, soft loans etc. Operating support- price subsidies, quota obligations, tradable green c ertificates. Risk Insu rance Incentives Identify available insurance schemes. Public insurance schemes- Iceland and Germany. Integrates commitment of resource s from both public and private parti cipants. Implement an investment project or program, usually in infrastructure. Geothermal Power Generation Incentives Public-Private Partnerships Geothermal Risk Insurance
- 8. THANK YOU！