This document discusses geothermal energy, including its origins within the Earth's crust, different types of geothermal power plants, and applications. It provides an overview of the history of geothermal energy development, from its first use in hot springs to the establishment of geothermal power plants. Both advantages like being renewable and disadvantages like high installation costs are outlined. Worldwide and Indian geothermal energy production statistics and future targets are also presented. The conclusion states that further development of technology to utilize magma and hot dry rock could allow geothermal energy to provide unlimited and cheap energy on a large scale.

2. ROLL NO:11-EE-10
REGD. NO-1101225025
BRANCH-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY:PANAKJ KUMAR NAYAK

3. Introduction Of Renewable Energy and Geothermal Energy
Structure of Earth Surface & Presence of Geothermal Energy
History of Geothermal Energy
Origins of Geothermal energy
Classification of Geothermal Power plants
Working Process of Geothermal power plants
Equipments Used in Geothermal Power Plant
Application of Geothermal Energy
Advantages & Disadvantages of EGS
Overview of Geothermal Power plants in the World
Overview of Geothermal power plants in India
Conclusion

5. Brief Description:
Geothermal energy is the heat
contained within the Earth and it can
be used to generate electricity by
utilizing two main types of
geothermal resources. Hydrothermal
resources use naturally-occurring hot
water or steam circulating through
permeable rock, and Hot Rock
resources produce super-heated water
or steam by artificially circulating
fluid through the rock.
What do you mean by Geothermal energy?
So The Geothermal means Heat produce in inner earth surface is
known as Geothermal energy. It was 1st developed in 1904 at Italy

6. Earth’s Crust Thickness: 3 to 35Mi.
Temperature Increases With Depth
Gradient: 50-87°F / Mile (17-30°C / km)

7. In deep Earth surface the production of heat depend upon two
main factor i.e. Frictional heating & heat absorption from upper
Earth surface & another from heat generation from decay of
radioactivity element through fission process.
Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock ,volatile
and solid like iron ore, silica etc. But due to the presence of
fission process the molten solid are melted and stored as a
liquid form due to high Inner earth temperature. That's why
molten state are present in very high temperature.
Again magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance.
Temperature of most Magmas are in the range of 7000C to
13000C. Most of the Magmas are silicate mixtures.

8. Every country installed their own
Geothermal plant up to depth of
4.5Km to 5.5 Km..

9. This figure tells us how
temperature will change according
to the depthor distance of earth
surface approximately.
This figure tells us accurate
temperature variation of earth
surface i.e. at the bottom end the
temperature is about 43000C
due to Radioactivity decay.
Contd…

10. 1st Hot Springs, Arkansas had $1 hot baths in
1830(1st Geothermal energy produced)
 First electricity (20kW) from geothermal
produced from natural steam in Larderello,
Italy in 1904 [Kruger, 1973]
New Zealand’s north island gets 6% of its
electricity from geothermal energy in 1918.
1920: test boring in Niland, CA
1922: electricity generation in The Geysers
1950: 95°F, 220kW generating plant in Katanga
The Geysers CA expanded to 600MW in 1975

11. The Geysers
geothermal field,
California in 1922.
1st Invention of
Geothermal plant at
Larderello, Italy in 1904.
Contd…

12. SOURCE/ORIGIN OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY :-
•70% comes from the decay of radioactive nuclei with long half lives that are
embedded within the Earth
•Some energy is from residual heat left over from Earths formation.
•The rest of the energy comes from meteorite impacts.

13. DIFFERENT SOURCE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:-
Hot Water Reservoirs: As the name implies these are reservoirs
of hot underground water. There is a large amount of
them in the US, but they are more suited for space heating
than for electricity production.
Natural Stem Reservoirs: In this case a hole dug into the ground
can cause steam to come to the surface. This type of
resource is rare in the US.
Geopressured Reservoirs: In this type of reserve, brine
completely saturated with natural gas in stored under
pressure from the weight of overlying rock.This type of
resource can be used for both heat and for natural gas.

14. Normal Geothermal Gradient: At any place on the planet, there is a
normal temperature gradient of +300C per km dug into the
earth. Therefore, if one digs 20,000 feet the temperature will
be about 1900C above the surface temperature. This
difference will be enough to produce electricity. However, no
useful and economical technology has been developed to
extracted this large source of energy.
Hot Dry Rock: This type of condition exists in 5% of the US. It
is similar to Normal Geothermal Gradient, but the gradient is
400C/km dug underground.
Molten Magma: No technology exists to tap into the heat
reserves stored in magma. The best sources for this in the
US are in Alaska and Hawaii.
Contd..

15. Dry Steam Power Plant:It is otherwise
known as vapour dominated
Geothermal power plant.Tempreture
required for this power plant is less
than 1800C but greater than 150 0C.
Flash steam Power Plant:It is
otherwise known as liquid dominated
geothermal power plant.Tempreture
required for this power plant is more
than1820C.

16. Binary Cycle Liquid Dominated Geothermal Power Plant: This
type of power plant is used when the tempreture of reservoir is
less than 1500C.so one Instrument is used for convert low
tempreture to high tempreture steam i.e. Heat exchanger.
Contd…

17. Step1:Inject the Low pressure water to the
Injection well.
Step2:capture the high pressure wet
steam(approx. 1500C to 2000C) from the
reservoir.
Step3:UsingHeat exchanger convert wet
steam to high pressure dry or super-heated
steam.
Step4:bombard that super-heated steam
into the turbine & collect the power from
turbine.
Step5:Usingtransformer step up the voltage
and supply to the grid.

20. Reservoir/well & Separator
I. Production Well
II. Injection well
Vaporizer
Pipeline
Turbine
Heat Exchanger
Condenser
Cooling Tower
Extra Equipments Used In EGS: -
 High heat & corrosion /Erosion insulated Pipeline
 Observation Well
 Porous Sediments
 Crystalline Bed rock

21. j
Space heating
Industrial processes
Drying
Greenhouses
Agriculture
Hot water
Resorts and pools
Melting snow
Heat pump

22. 1) It is a renewable source of energy.
2) By far, it is non-polluting and environment
friendly.
3) There is no wastage or generation of by-
products.
4) Geothermal energy can be used directly. In
ancient times, people used this source of energy
for heating homes, cooking, etc.
5) Maintenance cost of geothermal power plants is
very less.
6) Geothermal power plants don't occupy too
much space and thus help in protecting natural
environment.
7) Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on the
weather conditions.

23. 1) Only few sites have the potential of Geothermal
Energy.
2) Most of the sites, where geothermal energy is
produced, are far from markets or cities, where it
needs to be consumed.
3) Total generation potential of this source is too
small.
4) There is always a danger of eruption of volcano.
5) Installation cost of steam power plant is very high.
6) There is no guarantee that the amount of energy
which is produced will justify the capital expenditure
and operations costs.
7) It may release some harmful, poisonous gases that
can escape through the holes drilled during
construction

25. There are
approximately 22
Geothermal power
plant working in
world wide have
produced capacity of
48,545GWh in 2013
survey.
The world
Geothermal Energy
Association has
Estimated to increase
the power capacity
from 48.545GWh to
97,452GWh in 2017.

26. In India there are 7 Geo-power
plants are available & have
production capacity of
446.2GWh/Annum.
The Geo-power plants are situated
at India i.e..
 Puga valley(J&k)
 Tatapani (Chhattisgarh)(W.I.P)
 Godavari Basin Manikaran
(Himachal Pradesh)
 Bakreshwar (West Bengal) (W.I.P)
 Tuwa (Gujarat)
 Unai (Maharashtra)
 Jalgaon (Maharashtra) (W.I.P)
 Indian Gov. has decided to
increase their production
capacity from 446.2GWh to
980GWh in 2019 by the help of
Kenya Gov. Energy association .

27. Stream and hot water reservoirs are just a
small part of the geothermal resource. The Earth's
magma and hot dry rock will provide cheap, clean,
and almost unlimited energy as soon as we develop
the technology to use them. It Will provide Biggest
Impact in Electrical Generation Sectors to the Potential
Exists to Provide All Energy Requirements in the U.S
and other Countries. So The geothermal energy is the
future energy which will provide more benefits to
Human beings instead of fuel based thermal power
plants.