This document discusses genetic and physical mapping of genomes. Genetic mapping determines the relative positions of genes on chromosomes using linkage analysis, while physical mapping determines absolute positions using available techniques. The goals of genome projects are to complete a detailed human genome map and physical map, acquire the genome as clones, determine full sequences, and find all genes. Genetic mapping uses markers and restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites. Benefits include locating disease genes, more nutritious foods, and research applications, while costs have decreased from $350,000 to an hoped for $1,000.

2. What is it?
Two types of mapping
• Genetic mapping- using the linkage analysis to
determine the relative position between two genes on
a chromosome
• Physical mapping- using all available techniques
or information to determine the absolute position of a
gene on a chromosome

3. Purpose
Mapping the genome, scientist hope to clone
genes such as disease genes and study its
protein product.

4. Goals for genome project
• Complete a detailed human genome map
• Complete a physical map
• Acquire the genome as a clone
• Determine the complete sequence
• Find all the genes

5. Genetic Mapping Strategies
Genetic linkage map shows the relative locations of
specific DNA
Markers – usually DNA with no gene

6. Enzymes from bacteria recognize short
Restriction Enzymes
DNA sequences and cut DNA molecules at
specific sites

7. Pros
Medicine
helped locate the risk genes for a handful of genetic diseases
Agriculture
more nutritious foods and productive and better resistant to drugs
and insects
Miscellaneous
mapping of microbes enable research to harness power from
bacteria, reducing toxic waste, and environmental-friendly products

8. Cons
-Cost
first commercial human genome map cost
$350,000
Hope to lower price to $1,000

9. Work cited
"Video." Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.ornl.gov/>.
"National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) - Homepage." National Human
Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) - Homepage. 27 Feb. 2012. Web. 23 May 2012.
<http://www.genome.gov/>.
"GeneticMap." The Benefits of Genetic Mapping. Web. 23 May 2012.
<http://geneticmap.net/benefits.php>.
"Gene Mapping." Www.web-books.com. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.web-
books.com/>.