Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating and altering genes. It is commonly used in medicine, such as producing insulin and researching gene therapy. Genetic engineering is controversial due to various ethical issues regarding human and animal testing. A variety of scientific fields, including genetics, medicine, biology, and biochemistry, contribute to studying genetic engineering. Many careers utilize this technology, such as microbiologists, researchers, and genetic engineers.

1. A look at the world today Genetic Engineering

2. Overview Introduction to Genetic Engineering Applications Safety and Ethical Issues Branches of Science Uses of this technology by professions Universities/ Courses/ Requirements

3. What is Genetic Engineering? Directly manipulating/altering the structure and characteristics of genes using molecular cloning & transformation Different from “normal” breeding – genes manipulated indirectly

4. Agricultural Applications Goes back 100 years Today, scientist use recombinant DNA technology First food made by recombinant DNA technology – Flavr Savr Tomatoes (1994) 60% of foods are genetically modified Solution to world hunger

5. Human & Medical Applications Production of Insulin Genetic Screening/Testing Gene Therapy Production of experimental mice, oncomouse (cancer mouse) Vaccine

7. Cloning and Stem Cells Clone created from one cell – not sex cell Cloning – process of creating an identical copy of an original (Example: Identical Twins) Stem cells (master cells) can develop into any tissue Cure their own disease or build new organs – NO REJECTION

8. Ethics Involving Genetic Engineering Ethical issues concerning human beings and animals - Are we playing God? - Religions beliefs - Creates new viruses - Designer Babies

9. Genetic Engineering and Plants - Effects on our Environment - Long run effects on environment Ethics Involving Genetic Engineering

10. Branches of sciences needed to study the technology Genetics Medicine Biology/Chemistry Biochemistry Microbiology Chemical Engineering

11. What professions use this technology? Microbiologist Laboratory technician Research assistant Lecturer or professor Chief Executive Officer of a biotech company Postdoctoral research associate Genetic Engineer Research Scientist Biotechnologist

12. Summary Genetic engineering is direct manipulation of an organism’s genes Most common uses of genetic engineering are in medicine A very controversial topic considering the ethical issues Variety of sciences are incorporated into this engineering Many professions use this technology

13. Reference List Career Details for Biotechnologist. (n.d.). December 14, 2008, <http://careercruising.com/Careers/JobDetails.aspx?LoginID=53770d7f-cddd-449d-970d-8cb29415fa18-&OccNumber=603&Language=English>. Engdahl, Sylvia, ed. Genetic Engineering . Bonnie Szumski, 2006. &quot;Genetic Engineering&quot; Encyclopedia Britannica . 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Library Edition. 13 Dec. 2008. “ Genetic Engineering.&quot; Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 12 Dec. 2008, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genetic_engineering#genetic_engineering>. Genetic Engineering Research Scientist Job Description, Career as a Genetic Engineering Research Scientist, Salary, Employment - Definition and Nature of the Work, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job. December 14, 2008, <http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/402/Genetic-Engineering-Research-Scientist.html>. Heaf, D. (2004, January 25). Becoming a Genetic Engineer. December 14, 2008, <http://www.ifgene.org/gecareer.htm.>&quot;Human's Playground: Genetic Engineering.&quot; Think quest. 11 Dec. 2008 <http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/00774/en/txt/uses_medicine.html>. MacDonald Glenn, Linda. &quot;Bio Med Law.&quot; 13 Dec. 2008, <http://www.biomedlaw.com./bioethics.php>. MacDonald Glenn, Linda. &quot;Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering and Transgenic.&quot; Actionbioscience.org . American Institute of Biological Sciences. 13 Dec. 2008 <http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/glenn.html>. McLeish, Ewan. Genetic Revolution . New York: Stargazer Books, 2006. Wilson, R. (2006, July 19). Human Biology at the University of Toronto. December 14, 2008, <http://www.hmb.utoronto.ca/ggb.asp>. York University - Biology Undergraduate - Biotechnology. (n.d.). Retrieved December 14, 2008, <http://www.yorku.ca/ugbio/Programs>.

14. Your Thoughts on... GENETIC ENGINEERING and its uses in our everyday lives considering everything that was discussed in the presentation!