This document summarizes the genesis and development of red blood cells (RBCs) from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. It describes that pluripotential stem cells give rise to committed stem cells through successive cell divisions, with a small portion remaining as stem cells. Committed stem cells then differentiate into specific blood cell types, including the colony-forming unit-erythrocyte (CFU-E) that produces RBCs. The stages of RBC development are then outlined, starting from the proerythroblast and progressing through basophilic, polychromatic, and orthrochromatic erythroblasts, before becoming a reticuloctye and mature
RBC
FATE OF RBCS
ERYTHIOPOIESIS
HEMOGLOBIN
1) circular biconcave discs.
2) non nucleated
3) not contain cell organelles
4) are elastic and highly
deforming.
5) Life span 120 days
In red cell membrane there are very important proteins which maintain the shape of RBCs.
These are:
1) Spectrin
2) Ankyrin
3) Stromatin,
4) Actin
5) glycoprotein Elanin.
A congenital haemolytic anaemia i.e; hereditary spherocytosis results because of a significant deficiency of spectrin in the wall of RBCs cannot be maintained.
In RBCs membrane, blood group antigens are present.
SITES
Embryonic life (early wks) --- Yolk sac
Middle trimester ---- Liver, spleen, Lymph nodes
Last months & after birth --- Bone marrow
5 years --- B0ne marrow of all bones
Till 20 years --- proximal portions of humeri & tibiae
Onwards --- marrow of membranous bones such as vertebrae, sternum, ribs and ilia.
(trimester is 3 months duration in pregnancy)
The process of the origin, development and maturation of red blood cells.
It is an extremely active process
About 2.5 million erythrocytes are produced every second in order to replace those that are continuously destroyed by spleen and liver
Different growth and differentiation inducers control growth and differentiation of stem cells controlled by factors outside bone marrow
Above downward
Size of nucleus decrease
Size of hemoglobin increase
Cytoplasmic/ nucleus ratio increase
Amount of RNA responsible for basophilic stain decrease
In orthochromatic erythroblast stage , nucleus is expelled.
During reticulocyte stage, cell passes from bone marrow in to blood capillaries by the process of “Diapedesis”. Small amount of basophilic material.
Remaining basophilic material in the reticulocyte disappear with in 1 to 2 days and then it is called “Erythrocytes”.
Life span 120 days
After 120 days, taken by reticuloendothelial cells i.e; spleen & liver.
Spleen is the graveyard of RBCs.
Decrease in enzyme activity, ATP levels, and MCH
Decreased deformability
Metabolic processes slow down
Membrane becomes fragile
Destroyed in spleen as the red pulp space is narrow (3 μm) as diameter is very small. So, the spleen is called “Graveyard of RBCs”.
RBCs burst out
Hb is immediately phagocytized by macrophages pf the body. Iron and globin released.
EMBRYO
In 2nd month of intrauterine life:
There is Gower 1 & Gower 2 Hb.
Gower 1 contain:
2 zeta & 2 Epsilon
Gower 2 contain:
2 alpha & 2 Epsilon
3rd month onwards:
Fetal Hb:
Hb-F occurs in fetal red cells and disappears by 2 to 3 months after birth.
During I/U life, there is
HbF= 2alpha + 2 gamma chains.
Adult Haemoglobin
(HbA1):
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
HbA2:
is a minor component & is only 2.5% in normal adults.
After birth, there is Hb A2 (small amount), which is composed of 2 alpha & 2 delta chains.
detail notes on connective tissue..
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue.
All connective tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers), ground substance and cells. Not all authorities include blood or lymph as connective tissue because they lack the fiber component. All are immersed in the body water.
RBC
FATE OF RBCS
ERYTHIOPOIESIS
HEMOGLOBIN
1) circular biconcave discs.
2) non nucleated
3) not contain cell organelles
4) are elastic and highly
deforming.
5) Life span 120 days
In red cell membrane there are very important proteins which maintain the shape of RBCs.
These are:
1) Spectrin
2) Ankyrin
3) Stromatin,
4) Actin
5) glycoprotein Elanin.
A congenital haemolytic anaemia i.e; hereditary spherocytosis results because of a significant deficiency of spectrin in the wall of RBCs cannot be maintained.
In RBCs membrane, blood group antigens are present.
SITES
Embryonic life (early wks) --- Yolk sac
Middle trimester ---- Liver, spleen, Lymph nodes
Last months & after birth --- Bone marrow
5 years --- B0ne marrow of all bones
Till 20 years --- proximal portions of humeri & tibiae
Onwards --- marrow of membranous bones such as vertebrae, sternum, ribs and ilia.
(trimester is 3 months duration in pregnancy)
The process of the origin, development and maturation of red blood cells.
It is an extremely active process
About 2.5 million erythrocytes are produced every second in order to replace those that are continuously destroyed by spleen and liver
Different growth and differentiation inducers control growth and differentiation of stem cells controlled by factors outside bone marrow
Above downward
Size of nucleus decrease
Size of hemoglobin increase
Cytoplasmic/ nucleus ratio increase
Amount of RNA responsible for basophilic stain decrease
In orthochromatic erythroblast stage , nucleus is expelled.
During reticulocyte stage, cell passes from bone marrow in to blood capillaries by the process of “Diapedesis”. Small amount of basophilic material.
Remaining basophilic material in the reticulocyte disappear with in 1 to 2 days and then it is called “Erythrocytes”.
Life span 120 days
After 120 days, taken by reticuloendothelial cells i.e; spleen & liver.
Spleen is the graveyard of RBCs.
Decrease in enzyme activity, ATP levels, and MCH
Decreased deformability
Metabolic processes slow down
Membrane becomes fragile
Destroyed in spleen as the red pulp space is narrow (3 μm) as diameter is very small. So, the spleen is called “Graveyard of RBCs”.
RBCs burst out
Hb is immediately phagocytized by macrophages pf the body. Iron and globin released.
EMBRYO
In 2nd month of intrauterine life:
There is Gower 1 & Gower 2 Hb.
Gower 1 contain:
2 zeta & 2 Epsilon
Gower 2 contain:
2 alpha & 2 Epsilon
3rd month onwards:
Fetal Hb:
Hb-F occurs in fetal red cells and disappears by 2 to 3 months after birth.
During I/U life, there is
HbF= 2alpha + 2 gamma chains.
Adult Haemoglobin
(HbA1):
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
HbA2:
is a minor component & is only 2.5% in normal adults.
After birth, there is Hb A2 (small amount), which is composed of 2 alpha & 2 delta chains.
detail notes on connective tissue..
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue.
All connective tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers), ground substance and cells. Not all authorities include blood or lymph as connective tissue because they lack the fiber component. All are immersed in the body water.
Description about origin of blood cells from bone marrow i.e. hematopisis and process of eryhtropoisis and its regulation,Leukopoisis includingformation of all type of WBC's,
Useful for medical science,Post graduate ,and Undergraduate life science students.
Hematopoiesis: Formation of Blood Cells - An OverviewStudyFriend
Hematopoiesis or haemopoiesis is a process of formation of blood cellular components, i.e. formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells, which are derived from haematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
Erythropoiesis is the production of RBCs . This ppt contains general and concised information about RBC production in prenatal, neonatal and in young and adult life.
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leukopoieses-210413062331 (1).pptx study of WbCRubab161509
Leukopoiesis study of leukocytes. In this we will study about all about WBC.
Iqra Rubab student of bs Mlt 5 semester in sarhad university of science and technology Peshawar.
presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
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3. What is pluripotential hematopiotic stem cell?
•PHSC cells are primitive cells in bone
marrow which give rise to all blood cells.
•They are rounded in shape.
•PHSC are found in bone marrow of adults.
4. Genesis of blood cells
• Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell;
From which all the cells of the circulating
blood are eventually derived.
. Successive divisions of the pluripotential cells to from the
different circulating blood cells.
. A small portion of them remains pluripotential cells and is
retained in the bone marrow to maintain a supply of these.
. The reproduced cells, differentiate to form the other cell
types.
5. Genesis of blood cells
• The intermediate stage cells are very much like the
pluripotential stem cells, even though they have already become
committed to a particular line of cells and are called
commited stem cells.
• The different commited stem cells, will produce colonies of
specific types of blood cells.
• A committed stem cell produces erythrocytes is called a
Colony-forming unit-erythrocyte, and the abbreviation
CFU-E is used to designate this type of stem cell.
6. Genesis of blood cells
•Growth and reproduction of the different stem cells;
are controlled by multiple proteins called Growth
inducers.one of the these , interleukin-3, promotes growth and
reproduction of virtually all the different types of committed stem
cells.
. The growth inducers promote growth but not differentiation of
the cells.
. Another set of proteins called differentiation inducers.each of
these causes one type of committed stem cell to differentiate one
or more steps towards a final adult blood cell.
7.
8. Stages of differentiation of RBCs
•Proerythroblast (MEGALOBLAST);
proerythroblast is the first cell derived from
CFU-E.
. It is very large in size, with diameter of 20 micron.
. Its nucleus is very large and accupies the cell almost
completely.
. Proerythroblast does not contain hemoglobin.
. Cytoplasm is basophilic in nature.
. Proerythroblast divides multiple times and forms cell of next
stage called BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST.
9. Basophilic erythroblast(Early
normoblast);
• It is smaller than proerythroblast.
• Diameter of about 15 micron.
• In the nucleus nucleoli disappears.
• Condensation of chromatin network occurs, the
condensed network becomes dense.
• Cytoplasm is basophilic in nature so thats why it is
called basophilic erythroblast.
• The cell develops into next stage called POLY
CHROMATIC ERYTHROBLAST.
10. Polychromatic erythroblast(intermediate
normoblast);
• Cell is smaller than basophilic erythroblast.
• Diameter of 10 to 12 micron.
• The nucleus is still present, chromatin network
shows further condensation.
• The hemoglobin starts appearing.
• The cell develpos into next stage called
ORTHROCHROMATIC ERYTHROBLAST.
12. RETICULOCYTE;
• It is slightly larger than mature RBC.
• The cytoplasm contains reticular networks which are
formed by remnants of organelles due to the reticular
network the cell is called Reticulocyte.
• During this stage cell enters in the blood cappilaries from
the site of production by diapedsis.
• Reticular network disappears and cell becomes MATURE
ERYTHROCYTE.
13. MATURE ERYTHROCYTE;
• It has biconcave shape.
• it has a diameter of 7.2 micron.
• The mature RBC have hemoglobin.
• it lacks nucleus.
• it requires 7 days for development and maturation of RBC
from proerythroblast.
