01.28.09(b): Histology of the Male Reproductive SystemOpen.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Endocrine / Reproduction sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Endo
Nervous System is a uniquely designed organ system of our body. This presentation is highlighting over the cellular configuration of this system. Neurons & Neuroglia are the two main players of the system. Neuron is the structural & functional unit of the system, while, Neuroglia are the supporting elements. At the end of this presentation, the young learner would be able to recognize different cell types of the Nervous system & their exclusive function.
HISTOLOGY OF THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLAND
Connective tissue component
Parenchym atous component
Parenchyma is made up of
Thyroid follicles
Parafollicular cells or C cells
INACTIVE THYROID GLAND The follicles are lined by epithelial cell responsible for the synthesis of the glycoprotein component of thyroglobulin
Conversion of iodide to iodine
Thyroid epithelial cells are simple flat or cuboidal cells
ACTIVE THYROID GLAND Active glands have more follicles and their epithelium is tall and columnar
PARAFOLLICULAR OR C, CELL
Parafollicular cells, derived from neural crest cells
larger than follicular cells and
Singly or in groups.
Cells are polyhedral with oval eccentric nucleus
Anatomic Features
Evolution of Thyroidal Function: Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Biochemistry of Thyroid Hormone
Biosynthesis of Thyroid Hormone: Iodide Accumulation, Iodination of Tyrosine, Proteolysis of Thyroglobulin & Catabolism of Thyroid Hormones
Antithyroid Agents (Goitrogens):Iodine, Antithyroid Compounds, Sulfonamides & Thioureas, Thiocyanate
Thyrocalcitonin and Calcitonin
Physiology of the Thyroid Gland: Control of Thyroid Secretion, Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormone, Developmental Effects of Thyroid Hormone
Thyroid Hormones: Mode of Action
01.28.09(b): Histology of the Male Reproductive SystemOpen.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Endocrine / Reproduction sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Endo
Nervous System is a uniquely designed organ system of our body. This presentation is highlighting over the cellular configuration of this system. Neurons & Neuroglia are the two main players of the system. Neuron is the structural & functional unit of the system, while, Neuroglia are the supporting elements. At the end of this presentation, the young learner would be able to recognize different cell types of the Nervous system & their exclusive function.
HISTOLOGY OF THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLAND
Connective tissue component
Parenchym atous component
Parenchyma is made up of
Thyroid follicles
Parafollicular cells or C cells
INACTIVE THYROID GLAND The follicles are lined by epithelial cell responsible for the synthesis of the glycoprotein component of thyroglobulin
Conversion of iodide to iodine
Thyroid epithelial cells are simple flat or cuboidal cells
ACTIVE THYROID GLAND Active glands have more follicles and their epithelium is tall and columnar
PARAFOLLICULAR OR C, CELL
Parafollicular cells, derived from neural crest cells
larger than follicular cells and
Singly or in groups.
Cells are polyhedral with oval eccentric nucleus
Anatomic Features
Evolution of Thyroidal Function: Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Biochemistry of Thyroid Hormone
Biosynthesis of Thyroid Hormone: Iodide Accumulation, Iodination of Tyrosine, Proteolysis of Thyroglobulin & Catabolism of Thyroid Hormones
Antithyroid Agents (Goitrogens):Iodine, Antithyroid Compounds, Sulfonamides & Thioureas, Thiocyanate
Thyrocalcitonin and Calcitonin
Physiology of the Thyroid Gland: Control of Thyroid Secretion, Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormone, Developmental Effects of Thyroid Hormone
Thyroid Hormones: Mode of Action
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is in the neck and consists of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the isthmus. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam's apple. Microscopically, the functional unit of the thyroid gland is the spherical thyroid follicle, lined with follicular cells (thyrocytes), and occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin. The thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis and growth and development in children. Calcitonin plays a role in calcium homeostasis.[1] Secretion of the two thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which is produced by the hypothalamus.[2]
Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is the autoimmune disorder Graves' disease. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficient secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is iodine deficiency. In iodine-deficient regions, hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in children.[3] In iodine-sufficient regions, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune disorder Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive. The term physiology refers to normal functions in a living organism.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. Histological study of
Thyroid gland
- Asst Prof Chetana
.S.Kanekar
M.Sc Zoology( SET Life sciences)
2. Introduction
Thyroid consist of two
lateral lobes and the
connecting part called
isthmus.
Largest gland in body.
Endodermal in origin.
Gland secretes
thyroid hormones
called thyroxine.
4. Microscopic structure
Structural unit is follicle
or acinus.
Follicle consist of layer
of simple epithelium,
enclosing cavity called
the follicular cavity.
The cavity is usually
filled with gel-like
viscous iodine-rich
material called colloid.
Interfollicular spaces
are filled by reticular
connnective tissue,
adipose tissue and
blood vessels.
5. Follicular cells
These are cuboidal epithelial cells with their basal
ends resting on basement membrane.
These cells show the changes in shape
depending on state of gland.
When gland is inactive, cells exhibit squamous
structure and columnar when hyperactive.
The follicular cells show central or basal round
nucleus with one or more excentric nuclei.
The apical tips of cells extend microvilli in the
cavity.
6. Parafollicular cells
In Interfollicular spaces spaces there are some
special parafollicular cells.
They found in singly or in groups.
They secrete hormone thyrocalcitonin, which
lowers the calcium level.
7. Colloid
Cavity of thyroid follicle is filled with semi-fluid or
gel like substance, called thyroid colloid.
It is the endocrine secretion of epithelial cells and
composed of nucleoproteins, thyroglubolin and
proteolytic enzymes.
Among the endocrine glands, thyroid is unique
because it utilizes an inorganic element iodine for
the synthesis of its hormones.
9. Distinguishing features of thyroid
Follicle is structural unit.
Follicle contains follicular epithelial cells and
parafollicular cells.
Follicle shows follicular cavity in which contains
gel-like colloid.
Inter-follicular spaces are filled by reticular
connective tissue and blood vessels.
