Gene bank and biobank
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This document discusses gene banks and biobanks for germplasm conservation. It defines germplasm as the hereditary material transmitted through germ cells, and explains that gene banks preserve genetic material through various methods like seed banks, tissue banks, and cryo banks for plants and sperm/ova banks for animals. Biobanks store human biological samples for research. The document then describes different types of gene banks and provides examples of biobanks around the world. It highlights the need for germplasm conservation to preserve genetic diversity and protect threatened species from extinction.
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Gene banks
Gene banks are facilities that preserve genetic material from plants and animals. They store seeds, tissue cultures, sperm, eggs, and other biological material under controlled conditions to conserve genetic diversity. Major purposes of gene banks are to maintain crop diversity and make genetic resources available for plant breeding and research. They help conserve agricultural biodiversity and provide material that can be used to restore lost species. Gene banks conduct activities like collecting, processing, storing, regenerating, and documenting genetic samples while maintaining the integrity of collections. The largest gene banks house millions of accessions from all over the world.
Micropropagation technique
This document discusses micropropagation, which is the rapid multiplication of plant materials using tissue culture methods. It involves taking explants like shoot tips or buds and culturing them on growth media to produce many new plantlets. The process involves initiation, multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization stages. Approaches include multiplication from axillary buds/shoots or adventitious shoots. Applications are high rate propagation of disease-free plants, seed production in some crops, and cost effectiveness. Automation using bioreactors and robots can increase production scale but reduces flexibility.
Germplasm and its conservation
This document discusses germplasm and its conservation. It begins by defining germplasm as a collection of genetic resources for an organism, such as a seed bank or gene bank, that contains the genetic information for a species. Germplasm conservation is important to preserve genetic diversity and provide plant breeders resources to develop new crop varieties. Methods of conservation include in situ conservation of plants in their natural habitat and ex situ conservation of seeds, tissues, cells or DNA stored outside the natural habitat. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -196°C is an effective long-term storage method that stops cellular metabolism. The document outlines the cryopreservation process and applications for conserving plant species and genetic variations.
Cryopreservation, germplasm storage
Introduction
Reason for cryopreservation
Selection of part of plant for cryopreservation
Technique of cryopreservation
Application
Limitation
Conclusion
Androgenesis
Androgenesis is the production of haploid plants through the culture of male gametophytes or microspores. There are two main methods - anther culture and isolated pollen/microspore culture. Anther culture involves excising anthers from flower buds and culturing them on nutrient media, while microspore culture isolates microspores from anthers. Several factors influence androgenesis success, including genotype, anther wall components, culture medium, growth regulators, and physical conditions. Androgenic haploids can develop directly from microspores or indirectly through a callus phase, following various developmental pathways. Androgenesis allows for the efficient production of haploid plants for breeding programs.
Artificial Seed - Definition, Types & Production
Artificial seeds, also known as synthetic seeds, involve the encapsulation of somatic embryos, shoot buds, or cell aggregates to propagate plants in vitro or ex vivo. They were first introduced in the 1970s and provide advantages like large-scale and low-cost propagation while maintaining genetic uniformity. Successful artificial seeds require an embryo-protective coating containing nutrients to support germination and growth. The coating material, embryo maturity, and encapsulation process can produce either desiccated or hydrated synthetic seeds. Common steps in artificial seed production involve establishing embryogenesis, encapsulating mature embryos, and field planting.
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Gene banks
Gene banks are facilities that preserve genetic material from plants and animals. They store seeds, tissue cultures, sperm, eggs, and other biological material under controlled conditions to conserve genetic diversity. Major purposes of gene banks are to maintain crop diversity and make genetic resources available for plant breeding and research. They help conserve agricultural biodiversity and provide material that can be used to restore lost species. Gene banks conduct activities like collecting, processing, storing, regenerating, and documenting genetic samples while maintaining the integrity of collections. The largest gene banks house millions of accessions from all over the world.
Micropropagation technique
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Germplasm and its conservation
This document discusses germplasm and its conservation. It begins by defining germplasm as a collection of genetic resources for an organism, such as a seed bank or gene bank, that contains the genetic information for a species. Germplasm conservation is important to preserve genetic diversity and provide plant breeders resources to develop new crop varieties. Methods of conservation include in situ conservation of plants in their natural habitat and ex situ conservation of seeds, tissues, cells or DNA stored outside the natural habitat. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -196°C is an effective long-term storage method that stops cellular metabolism. The document outlines the cryopreservation process and applications for conserving plant species and genetic variations.
Cryopreservation, germplasm storage
Introduction
Reason for cryopreservation
Selection of part of plant for cryopreservation
Technique of cryopreservation
Application
Limitation
Conclusion
Androgenesis
Androgenesis is the production of haploid plants through the culture of male gametophytes or microspores. There are two main methods - anther culture and isolated pollen/microspore culture. Anther culture involves excising anthers from flower buds and culturing them on nutrient media, while microspore culture isolates microspores from anthers. Several factors influence androgenesis success, including genotype, anther wall components, culture medium, growth regulators, and physical conditions. Androgenic haploids can develop directly from microspores or indirectly through a callus phase, following various developmental pathways. Androgenesis allows for the efficient production of haploid plants for breeding programs.
Artificial Seed - Definition, Types & Production
Artificial seeds, also known as synthetic seeds, involve the encapsulation of somatic embryos, shoot buds, or cell aggregates to propagate plants in vitro or ex vivo. They were first introduced in the 1970s and provide advantages like large-scale and low-cost propagation while maintaining genetic uniformity. Successful artificial seeds require an embryo-protective coating containing nutrients to support germination and growth. The coating material, embryo maturity, and encapsulation process can produce either desiccated or hydrated synthetic seeds. Common steps in artificial seed production involve establishing embryogenesis, encapsulating mature embryos, and field planting.
Plant genomics general overview
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History
First model organism(Arabidopsis thaliana)
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Plant nuclear genome composition
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Conclusion
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Somatic embryogenesis
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This document provides information on in vitro germplasm conservation. It discusses that germplasm conservation aims to preserve the genetic diversity of plants. There are several methods of in vitro conservation including cryopreservation, cold storage, and low pressure/low oxygen storage. Cryopreservation involves freezing plant cells and tissues at ultra-low temperatures like in liquid nitrogen to bring their metabolism to zero. It allows for long term conservation of large amounts of genetic material in a small space. Cold storage conserves germplasm at low non-freezing temperatures to slow growth. Low pressure and low oxygen storage reduce atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentration to inhibit plant tissue growth.
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Gene bank.pptx
Gene Banks are a type of bio-repository which preserve genetic material.
A collection of seed plants, tissue cultures etc. from potentially useful species , especially species containing genes of significance to the breeding of crops.
Fish genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at -196° Celsius in Liquid Nitrogen as mature seed (dry) or tissue (meristems).
Gene banks exist to conserve the genetic diversity of wild and domesticated organisms that humans depend on for food, fibre, medicine & energy.
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Culturing anthers for the purpose of obtaining Double Haploid is not easy with many field crop species, particularly with the cereals, cotton, and grain legumes.
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Plant Tissue Culture in India, Commercialization of Plant Tissue Culture in India, Role of Plant Tissue Culture in Agriculture, Plant Tissue Culture Industry in India, Industrial Plant Tissue Culture, Tissue Culture in Agriculture, Plant Tissue Culture, Tissue Culture, Cell Culture and Tissue Culture, Tissue Culture and Cell Culture, Tissue Culture in Plants, Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Commercial Plant Tissue Culture in India, Plant Tissue Culture Business Plan, Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, Tissue Culture Plants, Plant Tissue Culture Business Plan, Business Opportunities in Plant Tissue Culture, Tissue Culture Methods, Cybrid Production, Process of Cybrids Production, Production of Cybrids, Production of Cybrid Plants, Production of Haploid Plants, Haploid Production, Plant Secondary Metabolism, Production of Secondary Metabolites, Production of Secondary Metabolites Using Plant Cell Cultures, Plant Tissue Cultures in Production of Secondary Metabolites, Secondary Metabolites Production, Production of Somatic Hybrid Plants, Somatic Hybridization of Plants, Somatic Hybrid, Somatic Hybrid Production, Production of Enriched Biomass, Enrichment on Biomass Production, Formulation of Tissue Culture Medium, Collection of Explant Materials, Subculture of Callus, Regeneration of Plants from Callus, Preparation of Chick Embryo Extract, Preparation of Embryo Extract from Young Embryos, Preparation of Bovine Embryo Extract, Preparation of Eagles Medium, Media for Plant Tissues, Organ Culture, Preparation of Trypsinised Embryonic Carcass, Enrichment Culture Methods, Genetic Modification of Industrial Microorganisms Mutation
presentation_plant_tissue_culture_and_applications_1458709606_158882.ppt
This document discusses plant and animal tissue culture. It explains that tissue culture involves growing cells artificially in the laboratory and produces clones with the same genotype. The background of tissue culture is described, including its origins in the early 20th century and key advances like the development of reliable growth media. The critical requirements for tissue culture like appropriate tissue, sterile conditions, and growth regulators are outlined. The steps of culturing plant tissue including selection, establishment, multiplication, root formation, and hardening off are detailed. Reasons for doing plant tissue culture include rapid propagation, cloning rare plants, providing virus-free stock, and allowing fast crop improvement. Differences between plant and animal tissue culture and uses of animal tissue culture are also summarized.
Embryo culture and embryo rescue technique
This document discusses embryo culture and embryo rescue techniques. It begins by defining an embryo and explaining that embryo culture involves growing plant embryos in artificial media to enhance survival. Embryo rescue involves culturing immature embryos to prevent abortion, especially for interspecific or intergeneric hybrids where endosperm development fails. The key steps of embryo culture include excising embryos, placing them in sterile media with suitable temperature, light and nutrients, and transferring viable plantlets to soil. Embryo culture has applications in shortening breeding cycles, overcoming dormancy, producing sterile seeds, and rescuing distant hybrids.
Plant tissue culture in crop Improvement
Tissue culture is a technique used in crop improvement involving growing plant cells, tissues or organs in vitro under sterile conditions. It allows for rapid mass propagation of plants, production of disease-free planting material, and genetic improvement through techniques like protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization. Some key applications of tissue culture discussed are micropropagation, germplasm conservation, haploid and dihaploid production, embryo rescue, artificial seed production, and overcoming barriers to wide hybridization. While a powerful tool, tissue culture must be done carefully to avoid spreading pathogens and maintain genetic integrity of regenerated plants.
Plant tissue culture ⅱ
This document discusses several applications of plant tissue culture, including clonal propagation to produce genetically identical copies of plants, synthetic seed production, somatic hybridization to create hybrids between sexually incompatible plants, and cryopreservation for long-term germplasm storage. Clonal propagation is used in horticulture and forestry to multiply desirable traits from a single donor plant. Synthetic seeds encapsulate somatic embryos to allow for disease-free propagation of asexually reproducing plants. Somatic hybridization uses isolated protoplasts to create hybrids and introduce traits from wild plants to crops. Cryopreservation stores plant tissues and organs at ultra-low temperatures in liquid nitrogen for long-term conservation of plant germplasm.
Similar to Gene bank and biobank (20)
INVITRO CULTURE: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIOSNS & ACHIEVEMENTS
INVITRO CULTURE: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIOSNS & ACHIEVEMENTS
Tissue culture and biotechnological aspects in plantation crops by lokesh
Tissue culture and biotechnological aspects in plantation crops by lokesh
presentation_plant_tissue_culture_and_applications_1458709606_158882.ppt
presentation_plant_tissue_culture_and_applications_1458709606_158882.ppt
Recently uploaded
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingUnlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Recently uploaded (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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Gene bank and biobank
- 1. GENE BANK AND BIOBANK A CURRENT APPROACHES FOR GERMPLASM CONSERVATION PRESENTED BY SUMAN TALUKDAR M.SC. 3RD SEMESTER DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GAUHATI UNIVERSITY
- 2. GERMPLASM •Germplasm broadly refers to the hereditary material (total content of genes) transmitted to the offspring through germ cells. •Germplasm provides the raw material for the breeder to develop various crops. •This includes: Seeds, Leaf, Stem, Pollen, Cultured cells. •International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) in 1974 by CGIAR. •In case of animals: Sperms, ova.
- 3. GERMPLASM CONSERVATION GERMPLASM CONSERVATION IN-SITU CONSERVATON EX SITU CONSERVATION
- 4. WHAT IS GENE BANK AND BIOBANK ? •Gene Banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. •For plants, this could be by in vitro storage, freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (seedbank). •For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. •Biobank is a type of biorepository that stores biological samples (usually human) for use in research. •Biobanks give researchers access to data representing a large number of people. •Samples in biobanks and the data derived from those samples can often be used by multiple researchers for cross purpose research studies.
- 5. TYPES OF GENE BANKS Seed Bank Tissue Bank Cryo Bank Pollen Bank Field gene Bank Sperm Bank Ova Bank
- 6. SEED BANK The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them at a very low temperature. Seedless plants such as tuber crops cannot be preserved this way. The largest seed bank in the world is the Millennium seed bank housed at the Welcome Trust Millennium Building (WTMB) in London. (in photo- Millennium seed bank and seed vault)
- 7. TISSUE BANK In this technique, buds, protocorm and meristematic cells are preserved tissue culture in a nutrient medium. This technique is used to preserve seedless plants and plants that reproduce sexually. A seed or embryo is preserved at very low temperatures. It is usually preserved in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Helpful for the conservation of species facing extinction. Cryobanks are utilized for the cryoconservation of animal genetic resources CRYO BANK
- 8. SPERM BANK •A sperm bank, semen bank is a facility or enterprise that collects and store sperm. •The preserved sperm can later be used for artificial insemination or fertilization. •It is also a part of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology). •A ova bank or egg cell bank is a facility that collects and stores human ova. •It is primarily for the purpose of achieving pregnancies of either the donor, at a later time (i.e. to overcome issues of infertility), or through third party reproduction, notably by artificial insemination, and embryo transfer. OVA BANK
- 9. NEED FOR GERMPLASM CONSERVATION •Loss of genetic diversity among crop plant species. •Human dependence on plant species for food and many different uses. E.g. : Basic food crops, building materials, oils, lubricants, rubber and other latexes, resins, waxes, perfumes, dyes fibres and medicines. •Species extinction and many others are threatened and endangered –deforestation. •Great diversity of plants is needed to keep the various natural ecosystems functioning stably. •Aesthetic value of natural ecosystems and the diversity of plant species.
- 10. GENE BANKS OF INDIA FRI (Dehradun ) BSI (KolKata) NBPGR (New Dehli)ZSI (KOLKATA)
- 11. BIOBANKS EuroBioBank A biobank in Europe. It provides human DNA, cell, and tissue samples to the scientific community for research on rare diseases. PATH Biobank is a German biobank for breast cancer, established in 2002. UK Biobank It is a large long-term biobank study in the United Kingdom (UK) It focuses on investigating the respective contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure (including nutrition, lifestyle, medications etc.) to the development of disease (2006). Canadian BioSample Repository is a biobank facility located on the University of Alberta Campus in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- 12. CONCLUSION FOR SURVIVAL OF HUMAN RACE AND CONSERVATION & MAGNIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, CONSERVATION OF GERMPLASM AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SPOHISTICATED FACILITY IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE TODAY ! NILGIRI TAHR BLACK BUCK Amentotaxus assamica Acacia planifrons
- 13. REFERENCE WEBSITES- www.biologydiscussions.com www.biotecharticles.com www.ukbiobank.ac.uk RESEARCH PAPER Ishaq et al. 2008 Germplasm Conservation and its Impact on Crop Improvement in Nigeria, Crop Research vol-36 Imarhiagbe et al. 2016 In vitro Germplasm collection and Storage: A Review, International Journal of Biology Research vol1 issue 1 09-19
- 14. THANK YOU The LAST Northern white rhinoceros DEATH-19TH MARCH 2018