MK Gandhi Educational Philosophy Basic Education Craft centered Education

1. Dr.M.Deivam
Assistant Professor in ICT in Education
Department of Education
The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be
University)
Gandhigram, Dindigul District,
Tamil Nadu
Gandhian concept of Education for
Integrated Development of Human
being

2. Mahatma Gandhi

3. Life History
 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (MK Gandhi) was born at
porbandar in kathiawar of Gujarat state on October 2,
1869.
 ‘Bapu’ out of affection
 His father was a dewan (Chief Administrator and Chief
Revenue officer)
 He is a Father of nation
 He was married to kasturibai at the age of thirteen
 Education in England: When 18 years old, he was sent to
London to study law.
 Work in South Africa: After returning from England, he
started his law practice at Bombay. In April 1893 itself, he
went to south africa
 Gandhiji found that the Indians in South Africa were

4. Cont.,
 Gandhiji’s Educational Experiments: Tolstoy farm at
Transwal in South Africa proved very valuable to him in
formulation new system of education.
 The child had to devote 8 hours a day for vocational training
and only 2 hours to book learning.
 Learning by doing and learning by cooperation chief
methods of education.
 Gandhiji came to india in 1914. He continued his
educational experiments for a short time at Shantiniketan,
then at Sabarmathi Ashram and Finally Sewagram Ashram if
located 16 km from warda.
 Gandhiji life was full of struggle, sacrifice and suffering from
1919 to 1947.
 The whole world was plunged into deep grief and sorrow on
January 30, 1948, when he was shot dead by a Hindu
fanatic called Nathuram Goodse.

5. Publication of MK Gandhi
 Autobiography
 Basic Education
 Harijan
 India of my Dreams
 Medium of Instruction
 Tasks Before Indian Students
 To the students
 Towards New Education
 True Education

6. Basic Education
 Basic Education is absolutely a new Philosophy of
Education which rejected bookish education and
gave priority to practical manual work.
 Basic Education aimed to bring a remedy to the
educational and social ills and integrate the three
agencies of education: Home, School and Society

7. Aim of Basic Education
 All round development of the personality of the child
(Physical, mental, intellectual, aesthetic, moral and
spiritual)
 Character building
 Self-sufficiency: He said that the economic self-
sufficiency is the most important fruit of good education
 Social uplift and welfare
 The development of 3H (Education for Heart, Head, and
Hand)
 To develop vocational efficiency
 Training for citizenship
 Preparation for complete living

8. Features of Basic Education
 Free and Compulsory Education for all from the age
7 to 14
 Craft is the centre of education
 Self-supporting education
 Mother tongue as the medium of instruction
 Ideal of citizenship
 Cooperating living

9. Principal Features of Gandiji’s
Philosophy of life
 Supreme God: He said, “God pervades everything.
God is life, Truth and Light”.
 Truth and Ahimsa (Non-violence): According to
Gandhiji, “Truth and Ahimsa are the two sides of a
coin”
 Service of Humanity: Service to people
 Self-discipline and Self-purification: Gandhiji always
held the high ideals of purity, sacrifice and service
 Righteousness and truth as the highest religion: true
religion and true morality are inseparably bound up
with each other.
 Ram Rajya as the Concept of a Society: He wanted to
establish Ram Rajya which he identified with justice,
peace, happiness and welfare of all.

10. Gandhiji as an Idealist, Naturalist and
Pragmatic Educationist
 Idealist: truth, non-violence and
character development clearly indicates
that he was an idealist
 Naturalism: Mother-tongue as the
medium of instruction and providing
freedom to the child reflect his
naturalism
 Pragmatism: Experimental approach to
educational and other issues.

11. Curriculum
 It includes vocational subjects, social
studies and general sciences. Craft is
an essential part of curriculum. It is an
activity and utilitarian curriculum.

12. Methods of Teaching
 Craft oriented education
 Learning by doing

13. Teacher
 The teacher should posses all the values
desirable by the society.
 He should be an man of sincerity, honesty with
love and affection.
 He has to correlate the various subjects with craft

14. Discipline
Self-discipline
Freedom is essential (it
develops creativity of the
child)

15. Failure of basic education
 Based on Unsound Psychological
Foundations: It ignores cognitive, affective
aspects of child’s development
 We cannot integrate all the subject with craft
centered education
 Basic education is rural based, unlike the urban
people.
 No important to subject like science, maths
 It was entirely different from present system
of education
 There no place to English in basic education

16. Impact of Basic Education
 Kothari Commission suggested work
experience
 SUPW by pattel committee suggested
 National policy on Education (1986),
Vocationalisation of secondary Education