"Indian Agriculture and Mechanization" presented by Gajendra Singh , at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
"Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa: Sharing Development Experiences: Pakistan", presented by S. G. Abbas, at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
The agriculture sector employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to 17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16).Agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices). This slides discuss about Indian agriculture status and problems and solutions.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
Presented in ACIAR-IFPRI two days Regional Dialogue on Machine Reforms’ for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in South Asia on July 21-22, 2017 in New Delhi, India
"Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa: Sharing Development Experiences: Pakistan", presented by S. G. Abbas, at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
The agriculture sector employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to 17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16).Agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices). This slides discuss about Indian agriculture status and problems and solutions.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
Presented in ACIAR-IFPRI two days Regional Dialogue on Machine Reforms’ for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in South Asia on July 21-22, 2017 in New Delhi, India
Regular Programmed budget is funded by its members, through contributions set at the FAO Conference. This budget covers core technical work, cooperation and partnerships including the Technical Cooperation Programmed, knowledge exchange, policy and advocacy, direction and administration, governance and security in Gujarat.
Gujarat State ranks first with respect to risk covered (Sum Insured), premium income, subsidies paid, farmers covered and claims paid under NAIS among the implementing States.
National Horticulture Mission (in effect till XI plan) with main thrust on augmenting production of all horticultural products (Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal Aromatic plants) in the states
Policy for Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture/Rice Development in Contex...Sri Lmb
Dr. Tiene Vannasouk presented on 'Policy for Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture/Rice Development in Context of Climate Change in Lao PDR' at Regional Review and Planning Workshop 2017, Hanoi, VIetnam
Wecartonlinesolutions.com
A platform for getting your desired project made Live By Us.
Wecart.co.in
A platform for getting Domains and Hostings on heavy Discounts .
Indian Food Processing Industry - A Synopsisnandanmalu
This report will present an overview on the Indian food processing industry along with details on various segments, performance and the scope of business in the segment.
It is generally accepted that investment in agriculture is an important tool to improve farm productivity, food security & thereby bring about overall economic growth.
Despite this, the Indian government’s focus is misplaced.
The government has actively increased funds meant for this sector, however, they have mostly pertained to subsidies.subsidies - which do not directly contribute to capital formation or asset creation. This renders the government’s efforts as ineffective.
Doubling Farmers’ Income through animal agriculture: Need for policy changeILRI
Presented by Habibur Rahman, Vijayalakshmy Kennady and Braja B Swain (ILRI), at the International Conference on Doubling the Farmers Income, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India, 27–28 February 2019
‘Indian Agriculture: A Fresh Approach Towards Green Revolution 2.0’IOSR Journals
The agriculture sector which employs more than 55% of the country workforce whereas share of agriculture and allied sector to total GDP is 14.1% (2011-12). The farm sector achieved 3.6% growth during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), falling short of the 4% growth target, although it was much higher than growth of 2.5 and 2.4% during 9th and 10th plan respectively. Thus, the sector needs urgent reforms to boost crop yields and private investment in infrastructure so as to motivate farmers and feed the growing population. At the latest Economic Survey (2012-13) points out that “India is at a juncture where further reforms are urgently required to achieve greater efficiency and productivity in agriculture for sustaining growth. There is a need to have stable and consistent policies where markets play a deserving role and private investment in infrastructure is stepped up. An efficient supply chaim that firmly establishes the linkage between retail demand and the farmer will be important”
Conferences on "Science and Technology for Tomorrow: Accelerating Mozambique’s Aspirations - Science Fair for the Mozambican Students and Young Scientists" organized by IFPRI in collaboration with USAID Mozambique and Mozambique’s Ministry of Science and Technology, in Maputo and Nampula, April and May 2015.
Conferences on "Science and Technology for Tomorrow: Accelerating Mozambique’s Aspirations - Science Fair for the Mozambican Students and Young Scientists" organized by IFPRI in collaboration with USAID Mozambique and Mozambique’s Ministry of Science and Technology, in Maputo and Nampula, April and May 2015.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
Indian Agriculture and Mechanization
1.
2. Second largest country in the world. May
become the largest country by 2030.
Total population:1.21 billion (2011)
Population growth rate:1.3% annually
Majority (68%) of people live in rural areas.
Land area: 297.3 million ha (2.4% of world)
17% of population; Only 4.2% of world
water; 1200 mm annual rainfall
Agriculture accounts for 80% of water
needs; 60% from ground water.
India: Economic Conditions
3. India:GDP
Service sector contributing: 58%;
Agriculture contributing: 13% (with
50% workers); It was 56% in 1950.
USA: Ag workers: <2%, 41% in 1900.
Manufacturing contributing: 15%;
China: 34%; Thailand: 40%.
GDP (PPP): About US$ 4 trillion
Per Capita Income (PPP)=US$ 3800
4th largest economy after USA, China
and Japan.
4. Agricultural Areas
India is a country with various
landforms:
lofty mountains to ravines, deltas,
high altitude forest of Himalayas,
sprawling grasslands of Indo-
Gangetic plains,
peninsular plateaus of South East and
South West India.
5. CLIMATE
Climate of India is full of extremities.
Temperature from arctic cold to
equatorial hot.
Rainfall from extreme aridity with less
than 100 mm in Thar Desert (West India)
to world’s maximum rainfall of
11200 mm in Meghalaya, Norteast India.
6. Indian Agriculture
Both irrigated and rain-fed (dry land)
Country grouped into 20 agro-climatic
regions and 60 agro-ecological sub-regions
on the basis of soil, agro-ecological
conditions and physiographic situations.
Diverse:
Capable of producing most of the food
and horticultural crops in the world.
7. Indian Agriculture
Cultivated area :142 million ha
Irrigated: 60 m ha; Rain-fed: 82 million ha
Cropping intensity: 1.37 and stagnating.
With increasing industrialization and
urbanization arable land may decline.
About 100 million farm families with 250 m
workers (50% of work force) contributing
only 13% to GDP.
8. Social conditions
A very poor country.
Per Capita Income: US $1300 ($3800 PPP).
35% population below poverty line (<$1.25/day).
Literacy: 75 %
Inadequate and poor quality schools in rural areas.
640 universities; Gross Enrolment Ratio: 20%.
Share in Global Research: 4%; China: 18%.
Life Expectancy: 65 years
17% population undernourished.
Only 32,000 Bank branches for 640,000 villages.
9. Technical Capacity: Agricultural Manpower
66 Agricultural Universities: 56 State Agri. Univ.
+ 5 Deemed Univ. + 1 Central Univ.+ 4 Central
Universities with Agriculture Faculty.
Annual admission in Agri. & allied sciences:
UG: 25,000; Masters: 8,000; PhD: 2000.
ICAR institutes: 99; KVKs: 631.
Only 0.6% of Ag. GDP is invested in Agricultural
Research, Education and Extension (AREE).
A large network of training centers is required
to impart skills at gross root level particularly
12. Indian Agriculture: Present Status
Grain production (2012-13): 259 m tons
Grains in stocks (Jan 2013): 66 m tons
Exports 2011-12: Rice: 9 mt; Wheat: 9.5 mt
During the15 years agricultural products:
Imports: about 3-8% of total imports
Exports: about 11-20% of total exports
Main imports: vegetable oils and pulses.
Main exports: cereals, marine products,
oil meals, cashew and tea.
13. Out of total Indian food market, the
processed segment is only 10%;
semi-processed is 15%; and rest
75% is constituted by fresh foods.
About 98 percent of the fruits and
vegetables produced in India are
traded as fresh products. Post
harvest losses may be as high as
30%.
14. Budget 2013-14: Rs 16700 billion ($300 billion)
Allocation: Agriculture: Rs 270 billion
Allocation: Rural Development: Rs 802 billion
Total Subsidies 2013-14: Rs 2480 billion
Petroleum Subsidy (2012-13): Rs 1000 billion
Food Subsidy (PDS: 2012-13): Rs 1000 billion
Major items subsidized by the government:
Irrigation (very low charges for Canal water);
and Electricity for Agri. (lower or no charges).
Fertilizer subsidy >10X investment in agriculture.
15. Subsidy on Agricultural Machines
Only about 1% sales receive subsidy.
Government provides subsidy and credit at
reduced rate to economically and socially
disadvantaged farmers. Rate of subsidy:
about 25% with limit on amount.
Tractors, power tillers, combine harvesters
and other farm machines must be tested
according to Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) Test Codes, by authorized test stations.
16. Production of tractors
1961 880 tractors
1970 20,000 Net importer upto 1976
1980 71,000 Exports started: Africa
1990 140,000 Exports grew upto 7,000/year
2000 256,000 Exports grew upto 50,000/year
2010 560,000 USA, Malaysia,Turkey, South
2011 630,000 Asian and African countries
2012 579,000
2013 690,000
Of global production of tractors India produces
more than 1/3rd of total tractors and more than
50% of <60 hp category.
India is the biggest producer of tractors in world.
17. Mechanization technologies were first adopted by
the large farmers [over 10ha farm size] followed by
medium scale farmers [4 to 10 ha farm size]. Water
lifting was the highest priority for mechanization
followed by threshing, transport and tillage.
The large numbers of such farmers in states like
Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh played
a critical role in facilitating the creation of a viable
agricultural machinery and implements distribution
and services sector. Such farmers were also the
ones who were able to provide mechanization and
other services to the more numerous semi medium
[2 to 4 ha farm] and small holder farmers [1 to 2 ha]
farmers.
18.
19. Projections for Mechanization in India
Item 2010 2020 2030 2050
Agricultural Workers (millions) 250 300 340 350
Draft Animals (millions) 50 30 20 10
Tractors (millions) 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
Power Tillers (millions) 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0
Diesel Engines (millions) 6.8 7.3 7.8 8.5
Electric Motors (millions) 18 28 35 40
Power (kW/ha) 1.8 2.5 3.5 4.5
20. Annual Investment in Farm Machines
1997: Estimated to be 180 billion Indian Rupees
or over US $ 5 billion (Singh, 1998).
2005: Estimated to be 300 billion Indian Rupees
or over US $ 6.5 billion (IASRI, 2006).
2010: Estimated to be 500 billion Indian Rupees
or over US $ 10 billion.
Investment in hand operated tools & implements
will grow very slowly with slow increase in the
population of agricultural workers.
Investment in animal operated implements is
decreasing gradually due to declining number of
draft animals.
Investment in the power operated farm equipment
is increasing significantly and rapidly.
21. Policy 1
Business and enterprise friendly policies,
laws, and regulations as well as physical
and institutional infrastructures which
encourage commercial activities and
entrepreneurship in farming, input
supply, produce handling, processing
and marketing as well as in
manufacturing will be key factors to
success of agriculture in the different
states of India.
22. Policy 2
Reduce subsidies and invest in infrastructure,
mainly, roads, electricity supply, irrigation
systems and markets with storage and
processing facilities in catchment areas.
57% of subsidized food grains under PDS does
not reach intended beneficiaries, costing Rs 3.57 to
deliver Rs 1 grains (Ajay Chhibbar, 27 Feb 2014).
Reduce interest rates on loans and taxes
for purchase of equipment & machinery
for agricultural operations and food
processing.
23. Policy 3
Provide assured support prices for the
farmers produce.
Strengthen support services for research
and development; testing and standards
as well as for human resources
development in support of agricultural
development.
24. Policy 4
The fuel prices have been increasing.
Development of bio-fuels, especially
from agricultural residues, needs urgent
attention.
Use of production techniques with low
energy requirement (e.g. minimum
tillage, Zero till planting, drip irrigation,
fertigation, etc.) need to be promoted.
25. Challenge
The main challenge will remain to increase
the food production to feed the growing
population.
With sufficient food stocks the big challenge
is to curve wastage, provide adequate access
and ensure judicious distribution of food.
Urgent need is to improve the income of 100
million farm families (250 million workers)
cultivating 142 million ha land; 50% work
force contributing only 13% to GDP.
26. Future Prospects (Worldwide)
Based on a FAO report (2011) investment requirements
for primary agriculture and its down-stream industries in
93 developing countries show that the total over 44 year
period (2006 to 2050) could amount to almost
US$ 9.2 trillion (in 2009 $ terms), 46% of which will be
for primary agriculture.
Almost a third (31%) of all capital needs will stem from
projected mechanization needs and almost a quarter
(23%) from further expansion and improvement of
irrigation.
Broken down by type of investment 60% (US$ 5.5 trillion)
will be for replacing existing capital stocks and 40%
(US$ 3.6 trillion) for growth investments.
27. Cummulative Investment from 2005-07 to 2050
(Billion US$; 2009)
________________________________________________________________
Total for 93 Developing Countries 9174
Total in Primary Production 4236
Crop Production 3505
Land development, soil conservation and flood control 161
Expansion and improvement of irrigation 960
Mechanization (tractor & equipment) 1312
Other power sources and equipment 482
Livestock Production 731
Downstream Support Services 4938
Cold and dry storage 797
Rural and wholesale market facilities 959
First stage processing 3182
28. Region % Share
Sub-Saharan Africa 10
Near East and North Africa 13
Latin America and Caribbean 20
Asia 57
South Asia 25
East Asia 32
China and India 40
