Presented by Habibur Rahman, Vijayalakshmy Kennady and Braja B Swain (ILRI), at the International Conference on Doubling the Farmers Income, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India, 27–28 February 2019

1. Doubling Farmers’ Income through animal agriculture: Need for policy change
Habibur Rahman, Vijayalakshmy Kennady and Braja B Swain
International Livestock Research Institute
International Conference on Doubling the Farmers Income, Assam Agricultural
University, Assam, India, 27–28 February 2019
Better lives through livestock…………

2.  70% of the world’s rural poor rely on livestock for livelihoods.
 Employs more than 1.3 billion globally
 About 600 million poor livestock keepers in the world, around two-thirds are
rural women.
 Contribute about 40% Agri. GDP
 About 19% of kilocalorie and 37% of protein consumed are from livestock
sector
 In the poorest countries, livestock manure comprises over 70% of soil fertility
Why livestock matter globally for livelihoods?

3. Cow milk has
overtaken rice
FoodsfromAnimalsource: 5of6highestvalueglobalcommodities
(totalvalueofthese5=USInt$715billion)
FAOSTAT 2015
(values for 2013)

4. Species
No
(Million)
%
(Each)
Cattle 190.90 37.28
Buffalo 108.70 21.23
Goat 135.20 26.40
Sheep 65.10 12.71
Pigs 10.29 2.01
Camels 0.40 0.08
Horses/
Ponies
0.63 0.12
Mithun 0.29 0.06
Others* 0.60 0.12
Total 512.06
1241.06Poultry 729.00
* Others include Mules, Donkeys & Yaks
Livestock Population in India (LC 2012)
Species Breeds
Cattle 42
Buffalo 15
Goat 34
Sheep 43
Camel 9
Horse 7
Pig 8
Donkey 2
Yak 1
Chicken 21
Total 183
ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

5. Livestock Products
Milk 176 mill ton (lit)
Eggs 88 billion (No)
Meat 7.3 mill ton ( Kg)
Species-wise meat contribution (%)
Species-wise egg contribution (%)
Species-wise contribution of Milk (%)

6. COMMODITIES RECOMMENDED
PER-CAPITA
AVAILABLE
PER-CAPITA
MILK 280 ml/ day 350 ml/ day
MEAT 12.0 Kg/year 3.5 Kg/year
EGG 180 /year 68 /year
COUNTRY
MILK 250 ml/ day 158.0 ml/ day
MEAT 14.0 Kg/year 14.5 Kg/year
EGG 104 /year 93.0 /year
MILK 250 ml/ day 197.26 ml/ day
MEAT 14.0 Kg/year 12.5 Kg/year
EGG 48 /year 48 /year
COMMODITIES MEAT
(Kg/Capita/Year)
MILK
(ml/Capita/day)
EGGS
(No. /Capita/Year)
Developed
Countries
82.1 569.0 186
World 41.2 225.0 130

7. • Responsibility of meeting food and nutritional security
in consonance with the agro ecological backdrop.
• Gainful employment to make the farmers more
economically secure.
• Generate raw material for agro-processing of food and
non-food products to support secondary agriculture.
• Support agro-processing industry to produce primary
and intermediate goods, which will feed the
manufacturing sector.
• Agricultural practices need to be on a sustainable basis.
Redefining Agricultural Mandate

8. Status of Farmers’ Income and Expenditure
• Average monthly income/agril. Household : Rs.6426
• Average monthly consumption exp./ag. household : Rs.6223
• Sources and composition of farmers’ income (percentage)
Cultivation 47.9 59.8
Livestock 11.9
Wages / salary 32.2 40.2
Non-farm business 8.0
• Ratio of farm income: non-farm income: 60:40
(NSSO (July, 2012 to June, 2013) @ 2011-12 prices)

9. Doubling Farmers’ Income
Hon’ble PM’s’ Vision to Double Farmers Income by 2022.
oTo address agrarian distress, farmers welfare and
in-equitability.
o70% are small and marginal farmers
oIncome approach adopted shifting focus from production
to post-production, subsistence farming to commercial
farming systems.

10. Sustainability issues in livestock production in India
 Low per capita consumption
 Vicious circle of low productivity
 Quality of livestock products
 Low investment, insurance
 Information access to the farmers
 Under-developed market
 Feed and Fodder availability and quality
 Feed conservation ratio efficiency
 Unscientific management practices

11. -8 -5
6 10 11 18
37
52 56
78 81
100
110
ugarcane/sugar
coarsecereals
maize
wheat
cereals
Rice
Vegetables
Milk/dairy
pulses
Fruits
Fish
Meat(other
thanpoultry)
Poultry
Shift in Food Demand in India by 2030
(% change relative to 2011)

12. Rising demand for meat,
milk and eggs is a global
phenomenon . . .
. . . but demand is
greatest in South
Asia and Sub-
Saharan Africa
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1980
1990
2002
2015
2030
2050
Millionmetrictonnes
developing
developed

13. BMGF, FAO, ILRI
Smallholders still dominate
livestock production in many countries
Region
(definition of
‘smallholder’)
% production by smallholder livestock farmers
Beef Chicken
meat
Sheep/goat
meat
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa
(≤ 6 milking
animals)
60-90
Bangladesh
(< 3ha land)
65 77 78 65 - 77
India
(< 2ha land)
75 92 92 69 71
Vietnam
(small scale)
80
Philippines
(backyard)
50 35

14. Name of
Department
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Grand Total
(Last 3 years)
DAC&FW 17004.35 35983.69 41855.00
94843.04
(81.39%)
DARE 3691.00 3700.00 6800.00
14191.00
(12.18%)
DAHDF 2136.16 2431.50 2921.00
7488.66
(6.43%)
Total 22,831.51 42,115.19 51,576.00 116,522.70
(Rs. In crore)
Budgetary Allocation

15. Agriculture Growth Rates
(current prices)
Growth Rates in GVA (per cent)
YEAR
Total Economy Agriculture,
forestry &
fishing
Crops Livestock
Forestry
and
logging
Fishing
and
aquacultur
eGDP GVA
2012-13 13.8 13.5 11.5 10.9 12.7 10.5 17.5
2013-14 13.0 12.6 15.0 14.7 14.6 13.9 22.9
2014-15 11.0 11.0 8.7 3.5 20.7 10.9 18.7
2015-16 10.4 9.2 6.3 2.7 14.4 4.9 12.4
Share of GVA of Agriculture * Allied Sector in Total Economy (per cent)
Year
Agriculture, forestry
& fishing
Crops Livestock
forestry and
logging
fishing and
aquaculture
2011-12 18.5 12.1 4.0 1.5 0.8
2012-13 18.2 11.8 4.0 1.5 0.9
2013-14 18.6 12.1 4.1 1.5 0.9
2014-15 18.2 11.2 4.4 1.5 1.0
2015-16 17.7 10.6 4.6 1.5 1.0
2016-17* 17.9 11.1 4.6 1.3 1.0

16. Strategies to improve the farmers income
 Development Initiatives
 Technology and innovation
Institutional mechanism
Policies

17. Existing Policy towards Livestock Development
 Agriculture, including animal husbandry, dairying and
fisheries is a state subject; departments (eg. DADF)
supporting States for development of the sectors.
The department has been providing assistance to the state
government for
 Animal diseases control
 Management and Upgradation of genetic resources
 Increasing availability of feed and fodder
 Sustainable development of processing and marketing
enhancement of production and profitability

18. Changes and promotion required in the prevailing policies
Livestock extension remains as a grossly neglected area - ICT
can be used effectively as potential tool for extension services
on livestock farming
Upgrading the available breeding program and selective
breeding
Provision of minimum support prices (like agriculture) for
livestock products is highly mandatory to achieve and
promote an increase in the livestock production.
Increase the budget allowance for livestock sector
Cooperatives and agribusiness firms can promote contract
livestock and poultry farming including risk coverage
Post harvest management (Livestock loss- $87 million)
Linking smallholder farmers with the market
Attracting and retaining youth in agriculture

19. New Initiative in India
o ARYA (Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture)
o MAYA (Motivating and Attracting Youth in Agriculture)
o Farmers FIRST (Farm, Innovations, Resource, Science and Technology)
o MGMG (My Village My Pride)
o DD Kisan (Television Channel on Agriculture, 2015)
Youth in India (15-24 Yrs) - 19% (1/5th) in 2011
34.3% in 2022
•Below 25 Yrs – 50%
•Below 35 Yrs – 65%
 50-60% population of country depend on Agriculture
 Youth participation in Agriculture only 5%
o Global – 25% (1.8 of 7.3 billion)

20. Tapping the Untapped potential: Sectorial Growth Plan
• Prioritizing the areas for investment
• Identifying and prioritizing the constraints
(biotic/abiotic/environment/marketing related)
• Preparing schematic plan and possible interventions to
address the constraints
• Breaking the strategies and plans for minimizing the
losses
• Identifying the mode of intervention through public,
private or participatory approach.
• Integration among different sectors and departments
for proper implementation

21. Conclusions
• Doubling the farmers income – formidable task;
possible only through proper implementation of
appropriate strategies.
• Public R&D institutions – to be supported to develop
capacity building in technologies.
• Farming people – motivated through various skill
development programmes of the Govt.
• Awareness about available opportunities for
commercialization and diversification among the
farmers.
• Higher price realization by farmers need to be
achieved through various price realization market
reforms.
• Promotion of initiatives like ICT based agricultural
extension; integrated farming systems
• Concerted and well- coordinated efforts – required
to be made between the Centre and the States.

22. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
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