The document is a whitepaper on the global biofuel market that provides an overview and analysis. It discusses key topics like:
- Types of biofuels including conventional, second, third, and fourth generation biofuels produced from sources like food/non-food crops and algae.
- Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels.
- Regional production levels of biofuels with Asia Pacific seeing the fastest growth in 2012. The US was the largest producer but saw declines that year.
- Ethanol and biodiesel production levels by region with the US and Europe leading respectively.
- Factors influencing declines in global biofuel production in 2012 including drought in the US, falling gasoline demand,
Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunitiesGreenFacts
Serious questions are being raised about the environmental impacts of producing liquid biofuels for transport, the costs of policies to promote them and their possible unintended consequences.
Even though production of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel is growing rapidly, their contribution to total transport fuel consumption in the coming decades will remain limited. In contrast, the effects of increased biofuel production on global agricultural markets, the environment and on food security are already significant and are stirring controversy.
What could be the future role of biofuels for agriculture, food security and climate change?
Developments in bio refinery and its impact on pulp and paper industryArivalagan Arumugam
Environmental sustainability and energy security, put pressure on the use of renewable or recyclable resources with zero impact on environment for meeting the growing needs of energy. Further mandates and regulations facilitate the use of bio-fuels in transport vehicles. Technological developments have now made it possible to use the renewable resource, namely biomass to produce bio-fuel, power and chemicals in a bio-refinery. Global bio-fuel production is currently estimated at 100 billion liters per year. Food crop, wood, agricultural residues, etc based bio-refineries have emerged as one of the solutions to the global energy problem. Commercial scale bio-refineries are in operation in several countries and some are under construction. Various technologies have been developed for producing bio-fuels, power and or chemicals from varieties of biomasses. This paper reviews the developments in bio-refineries, and its impact on pulp and paper industry
LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: STATUS AND TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUST...Enyoh Christian
Energy is an important factor in all sectors of any national economy. With the rise in oil prices, declining crude oil and the adverse effects on the environment, Nigeria has the opportunity of choosing a cleaner development pathway of liquid biofuel production which provides low-carbon energy alternative; reduce environmental pollution while at the same time creating a commercially viable industry that can generate sustainable domestic jobs. It is regrettable that the Nigerian Government is not yet exploiting this drive. The total biofuels consumption was 0 thousand barrel per day (tb/d) between years 2000-2016, except in years 2007, 2008 and 2011 with production/consumption of 0.3 tb/day, 0.5 tb/day and 1 tb/day respectively. The limitation is perhaps due to the concept of food competition, the inability to access feasible methodology, lack of knowledge and experts, government officials are largely incompetent and see no need to pursue liquid biofuel while crude oil is seemingly more than enough. This is evident in the scantly literature on the topic. This paper therefore reviewed the status of liquid biofuel such as boiethanol and biodiesel production and consumption in Nigeria as well as the various tools for its environmental sustainability assessment. These tools assist in assessing the impacts of liquid biofuels production and use in the Nigerian environment, thus generating information that would encourage the production of environment friendly liquid biofuels in Nigeria.
Worldwide market for Biolubricant product categories explored in this study includes Hydraulic Fluids, Metalworking Fluids, Chainsaw Lubricants, Mold Release Agents, Gear Oils, Two-Stroke Engine Oils and Greases. The report also focuses on end-use markets for biolubricants comprising Automotive & Transportation, Commercial/Industrial and Others. The global markets for the above mentioned product categories and end-use applications are analyzed in both value in USD and the volumes in pounds (lbs). Global volume consumption of Biolubricants, estimated at 1.3 million pounds in 2013, valued at about US$2 billion, and forecast at 1.4 million pounds (US$2.1 billion) in 2014, is further expected to maintain a CAGR of 5.5% between 2010 and 2020 to reach a projected 1.9 million pounds, of value US$3 billion, by 2020.
Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunitiesGreenFacts
Serious questions are being raised about the environmental impacts of producing liquid biofuels for transport, the costs of policies to promote them and their possible unintended consequences.
Even though production of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel is growing rapidly, their contribution to total transport fuel consumption in the coming decades will remain limited. In contrast, the effects of increased biofuel production on global agricultural markets, the environment and on food security are already significant and are stirring controversy.
What could be the future role of biofuels for agriculture, food security and climate change?
Developments in bio refinery and its impact on pulp and paper industryArivalagan Arumugam
Environmental sustainability and energy security, put pressure on the use of renewable or recyclable resources with zero impact on environment for meeting the growing needs of energy. Further mandates and regulations facilitate the use of bio-fuels in transport vehicles. Technological developments have now made it possible to use the renewable resource, namely biomass to produce bio-fuel, power and chemicals in a bio-refinery. Global bio-fuel production is currently estimated at 100 billion liters per year. Food crop, wood, agricultural residues, etc based bio-refineries have emerged as one of the solutions to the global energy problem. Commercial scale bio-refineries are in operation in several countries and some are under construction. Various technologies have been developed for producing bio-fuels, power and or chemicals from varieties of biomasses. This paper reviews the developments in bio-refineries, and its impact on pulp and paper industry
LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: STATUS AND TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUST...Enyoh Christian
Energy is an important factor in all sectors of any national economy. With the rise in oil prices, declining crude oil and the adverse effects on the environment, Nigeria has the opportunity of choosing a cleaner development pathway of liquid biofuel production which provides low-carbon energy alternative; reduce environmental pollution while at the same time creating a commercially viable industry that can generate sustainable domestic jobs. It is regrettable that the Nigerian Government is not yet exploiting this drive. The total biofuels consumption was 0 thousand barrel per day (tb/d) between years 2000-2016, except in years 2007, 2008 and 2011 with production/consumption of 0.3 tb/day, 0.5 tb/day and 1 tb/day respectively. The limitation is perhaps due to the concept of food competition, the inability to access feasible methodology, lack of knowledge and experts, government officials are largely incompetent and see no need to pursue liquid biofuel while crude oil is seemingly more than enough. This is evident in the scantly literature on the topic. This paper therefore reviewed the status of liquid biofuel such as boiethanol and biodiesel production and consumption in Nigeria as well as the various tools for its environmental sustainability assessment. These tools assist in assessing the impacts of liquid biofuels production and use in the Nigerian environment, thus generating information that would encourage the production of environment friendly liquid biofuels in Nigeria.
Worldwide market for Biolubricant product categories explored in this study includes Hydraulic Fluids, Metalworking Fluids, Chainsaw Lubricants, Mold Release Agents, Gear Oils, Two-Stroke Engine Oils and Greases. The report also focuses on end-use markets for biolubricants comprising Automotive & Transportation, Commercial/Industrial and Others. The global markets for the above mentioned product categories and end-use applications are analyzed in both value in USD and the volumes in pounds (lbs). Global volume consumption of Biolubricants, estimated at 1.3 million pounds in 2013, valued at about US$2 billion, and forecast at 1.4 million pounds (US$2.1 billion) in 2014, is further expected to maintain a CAGR of 5.5% between 2010 and 2020 to reach a projected 1.9 million pounds, of value US$3 billion, by 2020.
Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations. The term was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
United Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019 2028TheFoodChallenge
The UN Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028 aims to shed new light on what it means to be a family farmer in a rapidly changing world and highlights more than ever before the important role they play in eradicating hunger and shaping our future of food. Family farming offers a unique opportunity to ensure food security, improve livelihoods, better manage natural resources, protect the environment and achieve sustainable development, particularly in rural areas. Thanks to their wisdom and care for the earth, family farmers are the agents of change we need to achieve Zero Hunger, a more balanced and resilient planet, and the Sustainable Development Goals.
The future of food agriculture - FAO / United NationsTheFoodChallenge
FAO produced this extensive and precise documento appointing the main issues and challenges we have to face to supply enough food in the world by 2050.
The Economist Intelligence Unit gives their view about the future of food supply in the world. Food must be enough in quantity and quality to feed the future population.
In coming years, the world’s energy consumption is expected to increase dramatically. While fossil fuels will remain an important source of energy, renewable energies will also gain importance, as a result of concerns over high fossil fuel prices, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependence.
Could biofuels derived from forestry products and residues help meet the energy demand?
NNFCC market review feedstocks issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October 2012 issue of our market review for biomass feedstocks. As the UK’s crop harvest draws to a close, it is not only remarkable for being two weeks later than normal and for producing the lowest yields seen since the 1980s but it could also play its part in causing a major shift in EU biofuel policy.
The sustainable development goals report 2019 - United NationsTheFoodChallenge
Since its inception in 2015, the 2030 Agenda has provided a blueprint for shared prosperity in a sustainable world—a world where all people can live productive, vibrant and peaceful lives on a healthy planet. The year 2030 is just over a decade away, and we must ask ourselves if our actions today are laying the right foundation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 provides evidence-based insights to answer this question.
Hunger is growing worldwide. And this is a major problem for the humanity.
Biofuel is fuel for the future. It makes a country fuel independent as well as technologically advanced with good environment. Be energy efficient. Prepare to conserve and be safe.
The ethanol market size is expected to be worth around USD 163.9 Bn by 2032 from USD 102.8 Bn in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2032.
Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations. The term was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
United Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019 2028TheFoodChallenge
The UN Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028 aims to shed new light on what it means to be a family farmer in a rapidly changing world and highlights more than ever before the important role they play in eradicating hunger and shaping our future of food. Family farming offers a unique opportunity to ensure food security, improve livelihoods, better manage natural resources, protect the environment and achieve sustainable development, particularly in rural areas. Thanks to their wisdom and care for the earth, family farmers are the agents of change we need to achieve Zero Hunger, a more balanced and resilient planet, and the Sustainable Development Goals.
The future of food agriculture - FAO / United NationsTheFoodChallenge
FAO produced this extensive and precise documento appointing the main issues and challenges we have to face to supply enough food in the world by 2050.
The Economist Intelligence Unit gives their view about the future of food supply in the world. Food must be enough in quantity and quality to feed the future population.
In coming years, the world’s energy consumption is expected to increase dramatically. While fossil fuels will remain an important source of energy, renewable energies will also gain importance, as a result of concerns over high fossil fuel prices, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependence.
Could biofuels derived from forestry products and residues help meet the energy demand?
NNFCC market review feedstocks issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October 2012 issue of our market review for biomass feedstocks. As the UK’s crop harvest draws to a close, it is not only remarkable for being two weeks later than normal and for producing the lowest yields seen since the 1980s but it could also play its part in causing a major shift in EU biofuel policy.
The sustainable development goals report 2019 - United NationsTheFoodChallenge
Since its inception in 2015, the 2030 Agenda has provided a blueprint for shared prosperity in a sustainable world—a world where all people can live productive, vibrant and peaceful lives on a healthy planet. The year 2030 is just over a decade away, and we must ask ourselves if our actions today are laying the right foundation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 provides evidence-based insights to answer this question.
Hunger is growing worldwide. And this is a major problem for the humanity.
Biofuel is fuel for the future. It makes a country fuel independent as well as technologically advanced with good environment. Be energy efficient. Prepare to conserve and be safe.
The ethanol market size is expected to be worth around USD 163.9 Bn by 2032 from USD 102.8 Bn in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2032.
Energy crops their worldwide usage Data and Zohaib HUSSAIN
Energy crops
Introduction
An energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make biofuels, such as bioethanol, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy cropsare generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants; many of the latter are grasses (Graminaceae).
Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high-yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as willow or poplar are widely utilised, as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum (both known as elephant grass). If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas, whole-crops such as maize,Sudan grass, millet, white sweet clover and many others, can be made into silage and then converted into biogas.
Through genetic modification and application of biotechnology plants can be manipulated to create greater yields, reduce associated costs and require less water. However, high energy yield can be realized with existing cultivars.
Type of energy crops
1. Solid biomass
Energy generated by burning plants grown for the purpose, often after the dry matter is pelletized. Energy crops are used for firing power plants, either alone or co-fired with other fuels. Alternatively they may be used for heat or combined heat and power (CHP) production.
2. Gas biomass (methane)
Anaerobic digesters or biogas plants can be directly supplemented with energy crops once they have been ensiled into silage. The fastest growing sector of German biofarming has been in the area of "Renewable Energy Crops" on nearly 500,000 ha of land (2006) Energy crops can also be grown to boost gas yields where feedstocks have low energy content, such as manures and spoiled grain. It is estimated that the energy yield presently of bioenergy crops converted via silage to methane is about 2 GWh/km². Small mixed cropping enterprises with animals can use a portion of their acreage to grow and convert energy crops and sustain the entire farms energy requirements with about 1/5 the acreage. In Europe and especially Germany, however, this rapid growth has occurred only with substantial government support, as in the German bonus system for renewable energy. Similar developments of integrating crop farming and bioenergy production via silage-methane have been almost entirely overlooked in N. America, where political and structural issues and a huge continued push to centralize energy production has overshadowed positive developments.
3. Liquid biomass
Biodiesel
European production of biodiesel from energy crops has grown steadily in the last decade, principally focused on rapeseed used for oil and energy. Production of oil/biodiesel from rape covers more than 12,000 km² in Germany alone, and has doubled in the past 15 years. Typical yield of oil as pure biodiesel may be is 100,000 L/km² or more, making biodiesel crops economically attra
Biofuels are liquids that derive from bio mass, both from plant materials and animal fat. Biofuels are products that can be processed in to liquid fuels for either transport or heating purposes. The most popular forms of biofuel are bioethanol, biodiesel and methanol. Bio ethanol is an alcohol derived from sugar or starch crops by fermentation. A second generation of bio ethanol-lignocelluloses includes a range of forestry products such as forestry coppices and energy grasses. Bio ethanol can be used in pure from or blended with gasoline. Bio ethanol is produced from agricultural products including starchy and cereal crops such as sugarcane, corn, beets, wheat and sorghum. Bio diesel is derived from vegetable oils by reaction of the oil with methanol. A second generation of bio diesel technologies synthesizes diesel fuel from wood and straw to a gasification stage. Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with automotive diesel. Biodiesel is made from oil or tree seeds such as rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm, Pongamapinnata, Andiroba(Carporaguianensis), Babassu(Orbigniasp), barley, Camelina(Camelina sativa) coconut(copra), Jatropha curcas, Cumary (Dipterus odorata),groundnut, mustard, peanut, fishoil, and animal fat. Biodiesel derived from green algae and cyanobacteria biomass has the potential for high volume and cost effective production. It is carbon neutral. In recent years, bioenergy has drawn attention as a sustainable energy resource that may help cope with rising energy prices, but also provides income to poor farmers and rural communities around the globe. Developing countries with tropical climate have a comparative advantage in growing energy with biomass. Advantages of using bio fuel are renewable fuel, low toxicity, biodegradable, lower emissions of contaminants, lower health risk, no sulfur dioxide emissions and higher flash point and also decreases the country’s dependence on imported petroleum. Biofuels represent important opportunities and challenges for sustainable development, both globally and domestically. Bio fuels can help to tackle climate change and improve rural employment and livelihood. Their reduced carbon emissions compared to conventional fuels and their positive impacts on rural development, together with the current high oil prices are key elements behind their market development. Thus bio diesel is a potential replacement for petroleum based liquid fuels. Biomass for fuel production is gaining importance in terms of its productivity, practicality and innovative potential to create a cost competitive, environment friendly and renewable source of liquid fuel.
Bio Fuels
Classification of Bio Fuels
1st Generation Bio Fuels ,2nd Generation Bio Fuels , 3rd Generation Bio Fuels..............
All the generetions are Explained Widely........
Helpful content for Botany students , and new for them.
Prepared by : AFC Shah Zeb Khan
Student of CAF-I at ICAP's RAET PAC Lahore.
Also Student of BS Botany at University of Sargodha.
email : szkbkhan@gmail.com
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
2. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
Global Biofuel
Market Overview
Biofuels are transport fuels produced from
biomass.
This biomass is produced from feedstock
sources including food crops (sugars,
starches and oil crops), fast growing
energy crops (such as jatropha,
miscanthus and algae), crop residues and
waste products (such as used cooking oil
etc).
● Conventional or 'first generation' biofuels
refer to crop based ethanol and biodiesel.
● Second generation biofuels include ethanol
and biodiesel from non-food crops and waste.
● Third generation biofuels includes biofuels
produced from algae.
● Fourth generation biofuels includes those
with identical chemical structures to fossil
fuels and other products.
Advantages Disadvantages
Less Expensive
Wide Range of
Materials
Easily Renewable
Less Carbon
High Initial
Investment
Using Valuable Crop
land
Lower Output
Asia Pacific region
has shown the
fastest growth of
around 17.6% in the
biofuel production in
2012. In the Asia
pacific region, China
was the leader with
the production of
1729 Thousand
Tonnes of biofuel in
2012, followed by
Indonesia with 1212
Thousand Tonnes of
biofuel.
3. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
Region 2011 2012 Growth (%)
Total America 45,718 44,996 (1.5%)
Total Europe & Eurasia 10,143 10,022 (1.1%)
Total Asia Pacific 4,397 5,174 17.60%
Total Africa 23 23 0
Total Middle East 4 4 0
Total World 60,285 60,219 (0.4%)
▪ Despite a recent decline, US still remained the
leader in the global biofuel market with a
production of 27360 Thousand Tonnes in
2012 , corresponding to a share of around
45.4%.
▪ In the Americas, US occupied a share of
around 61% in 2012, followed by Brazil with a
share of around 30%.
Source: F.O. Lichts; US Energy Information Administration
Source: F.O. Lichts; US Energy Information Administration
Figure 1: Share of Major Countries in Biofuel Production in Americas (%), 2012
Figure 2: Share of Major Countries in Biofuel Production in Europe (%), 2012
Source: F.O. Lichts; US Energy Information Administration
In Europe, Germany was the leading biofuel
producer in 2012 with a production of 2894
Thousand Tonnes of biofuel, corresponding to a
share of around 29%. France occupied the
second position with a share of around 18%,
with 1820 Thousand Tonnes of production.
Asia Pacific region has shown
the fastest growth of around
17.6% in the biofuel production
in 2012. In the Asia pacific
region, China was the leader
with the production of 1729
Thousand Tonnes of biofuel in
2012, followed by Indonesia with
1212 Thousand Tonnes of
biofuel.
However, global biofuels
production recorded the first
decline since 2000 (-0.4%), due to
a decline in the production in US
(-4.3%).
Table 1: World Biofuel Production by Region (Thousand Tonnes),
2011-2012
4. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
Ethanol
Ethanol is an alcohol-based fuel made by fermenting and distilling starch crops, such as corn. It can also be made from "cellulosic
biomass" such as trees and grasses. The use of ethanol can reduce dependence upon oil and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Ethanol production was the highest in America in 2012. The majority of American consumers are using E10 ethanol blends (10%
ethanol). Moreover, the availability of E15 (15% ethanol) is also rapidly increasing, especially in the Midwest.
Table 2: World Ethanol Production by Region (Million Gallons), 2012
Region 2012
Americas 25,594
Asia Pacific 1,578
Europe 1,139
Rest of the World 42
Total 28,353
Source: RFA, F.O. Lichts
Across the world, ethanol
producers are providing
increasing amounts of livestock
feed products distillers grains,
corn gluten etc while
simultaneously providing
growing volumes of corn
distillers oil and other biobased
chemicals to replace oil.
Further, many countries have
also increased investment in
developing plants to increase
production of ethanol, for a
sustainable environment in the
future.
Biodiesel
Table 3: World Biodiesel Production by Markets (Million Gallons),
2012
Region 2012
Europe 3,191
US 968
Argentina 754
Brazil 736
Indonesia 192
Malaysia 15
Total 5,856
Source: Fapri.iastate.edu
Biodiesel production in Europe
has been driven largely by the
European Union’s (EU’s)
Renewable Energy Directive
(RED), which has set a target
for the EU to reach a 20%
share of energy from renewable
sources by 2020 and to achieve
up to a 10% share for biofuels
in its energy transport use.
According to BP’s Statistical
Review of World Energy 2012,
for every tonne of bioethanol
produced in Europe, three
tonnes of biodiesel were
produced, which illustrates how
important the biodiesel market
is in meeting the EU’s 2020
target.
Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils,
animal fats, or recycled greases. It is safe, biodegradable, and
produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel
can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum
diesel. Common blends include B2 (2% biodiesel), B5, and B20.
Europe has been the leading producer of biodiesel in the world.
The top three biodiesel producing nations in Europe are Germany,
France and Spain. Europe's production of biodiesel was around
3191 Million Gallons in 2012, followed by that of America with
2468 Million Gallons. US was the leading biodiesel producer in
Americas in 2012 with 968 Million Gallons of production.
5. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
The decline in global biofuel production in
2012 has been attributed the decline of
biofuel production in the US. The reasons
for decline in production in US are:
The drought in the Midwest is causing the
American biofuels industry to face decline
in production. Midwest corn yields have
driven the price so high that ethanol
plants are being forced to shut down.
Nearly 10% of the nation's ethanol plants
stopped production over the past year, as
the drought that pushed crop prices so
high that ethanol has become too
expensive to produce.
There has been falling demand for
gasoline as a result of both the recession,
and a renewed policy push for electric and
hybrid vehicles and tougher fuel economy
standards. Thousands of barrels of
ethanol is lying idle in storage because
there is not enough gasoline in the
market to blend it with and blends calling
for a higher percentage of ethanol have
yet not been developed in the market.
There has been an increasing focus on
other alternatives like hybrids and
electric vehicles by many countries.
Moreover, countries like US recorded the
world's highest growth in production of
both oil and natural gas in 2012, on the
back of increasing production of
unconventional hydrocarbons such as
tight oil. The rising natural gas output
has reduced the prices of natural gas in
the US, making it a feasible alternative.
Producing biofuels on a large scale
require huge tracts of land. Many
countries cannot afford to divert land
away from food production. Biomass
production for biofuels could displace
existing products from land currently
used for food, forage and fiber, which
could increase the price of these goods in
global markets. It could also induce
deforestation that would lead to global
climate change, due to which countries
are mitigating the production.
Few countries have comprehensive biofuel
policies, and where present, they are often
driven largely by agricultural
considerations and fail to address the
economic, social and environmental
implications of widespread production,
use and trade in biofuels. Climate-wise,
some of the biofuels [receiving EU
subsidies] are as bad as, or even worse
than the fossil fuels that they replace.
Thus, policies which were initially formed
to promote biofuels are now being
modified. Measures are now being
considered that would prevent EU and
countries like US from providing
incentives for the continued displacement
of food crops for fuel.
For biofuels production and development,
relevant information from the
transportation, forestry, energy,
agriculture, and environment sectors is
required. Most countries fail to develop
accurate ways to estimate and projected
biofuel demand in domestic and global
markets due to inefficiency in building a
resource database and developing the
capacity to manage such a database.
Many countries are facing financial
crunches in maintaining the production of
biofuels. For biofuels, technology
advancement and scale-up of biore?neries
are the most important factors in
reaching competitive costs. The cost of
biore?neries is the largest single cost in
the supply chain, along with the added
fuel delivery costs, which poses an
impairment for its growth in production.
6. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
Novozymes, the Denmark-based company, launched
new enzymes that boost ethanol and oil production from corn
while saving biofuel plants energy and money. Novozymes' new
industrial enzymes boost the rate of starch into sugar
conversion. The company's new Avantec and Spirizyme products
transform roughly 5% more of the starch trapped in kernels into
sugar than traditional processes. Moreover, another enzyme,
Olexa, extracts up to 13% more oil out of the corn germ.
Algae.Tec has signed a deal with Australia's largest
power company to site an algae carbon capture and biofuels
production facility beside a big coal-fired power station near
Sydney. This deal is an innovative means of capturing and
reusing carbon emissions and providing the region with a locally
produced green fuel source.
The world's first commercial volume of cellulosic
diesel fuel has been developed in US. Known as "Drop-In
Biofuels" these fuels are similar to their petroleum-based
counterparts and can be pumped through the same pipelines
and be used to power the engines of cars and trucks without any
modifications. Drop-in biofuels could also free modern
civilization from its dependence upon petroleum, without
requiring extensive rebuilding of the fuel-supplying
infrastructure or the junking of vast numbers of existing
vehicles.
IndianOil has successfully developed and
commercialised a technology to co-process non-edible vegetable
oil in the existing Diesel Hydrotreating (DHDT) units of a
petroleum Refinery to make biodiesel. This is first time in India
and possibly the first in the world when Jatropha oil has been
used for co-processing in a petroleum refinery.
In Japan, a project has started at a sewage treatment
facility to extract a biofuel ingredient from wastewater using
algae. This first of its kind project in Japan is part of
reconstruction efforts jointly promoted by Tohoku University,
the University of Tsukuba, and the municipal government of
Sendai. The algae conducive to producing a biofuel component
being used in the trials to produce the hydrocarbon is
Aurantiochytrium.
▪ Ceramatec will utilize an
efficient electrochemical deoxygenation process to develop cost-
effective technology to separate oxygen from bio-oil. This project
will help produce hydrocarbon products suitable for further
processing in conventional petroleum refineries.
▪ Oak
Ridge National Laboratory will use a microbial electrolysis
process to efficiently remove the hydrogen from the water found
in bio-oil. This technology will help reduce the corrosivity of
bio-oil and improve the efficiency of converting hydrogen and
biomass to biofuels.
▪ The University
of Oklahoma will investigate two methods- thermal
fractionation and supercritical solvent extraction to maximize
the amount of renewable carbon and hydrogen that can be
extracted from biomass and converted to a refinery-compatible
intermediate and suitable for final upgrading to a transportation
fuel.
▪ Virent will develop an
innovative separation process which uses its BioForming
technology to efficiently convert carbon from lignocellulosic
biomass into hydrocarbon fuels. Virent will work to improve the
overall carbon conversion efficiency of biomass, helping to
reduce the cost of producing hydrocarbon biofuels that work
with the existing transportation fuel infrastructure and are
capable of meeting the Renewable Fuel Standard.
7. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
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8. Whitepaper on Global Biofuel Market
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