This document summarizes a presentation on analyzing furan compounds in transformer oil to assess the condition of cellulosic insulation. It discusses how furan derivatives are extracted from oil samples using liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase separation, then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Case studies are presented showing furan test results from various transformers, with levels classified as low, medium, or high. Furan levels above 2500 ppb indicate the need to rewind or replace solid insulation. The document concludes that regular oil treatment helps maintain transformer condition and insulation parameters.

1. FURAN ANALYSES IN TRANSFORMER
PRESENTED BY:
Nitish Kumar, Nutan Chandra, Muna Kumar,
Subhajit Bhandari .
Guided By: Er. A Kannan
Dr. M.G.R. University
EEE Department

2. SCOPE
 Analysis the 2-furtural and related furan
compounds during cellulosic insulation in mineral
insulating oil samples.
 analyzed by high performance liquid
chromatography
(HPCL)
furan derivatives are extracted from the oil by use
of a extraction method such as liquid-liquid
extraction (method A) or solid-phase separation
on silica cartridge (method B).

3. ABSTRACT:
To determine of the life of Transformer and
the condition of Insulating Component furan
test conduct.
To Study the effect of oil reconditioning and
oil replacement on the furan values.
To Study the relationship between carbon die
- oxide and furan compounds in power
Transformers.

4. Introduction:
The insulating system of a transformer consist of both
paper and oil.
A transformer reaches the end of its life when its
insulation system totally lost its dielectric properties.
Moisture is introduce into the system, and particle
accumulate in the oil.
As the paper insulation ages, tensile strength decreases,
making the unit susceptible to winding failure during
mechanical stresses such as vibration, through faults and
short circuit.
Degradation of cellulosic materials produces CO and
CO2 gases. These gases dissolve in oil, by extracting these
gases and analyzing them, the paper insulation
degradation can be assessed.

5. Construction of Transformer
Definition of Transformer:
Electrical Power Transformer is a static device which transforms power from on circuit to
another without changing its frequency but may be in different voltage level.
Industrial transformer parts:
 Frame, enclosure, tank
 De-energized tap changer
 Dual-voltage switch
 Windings
 Core
 Control relays
 Cooling fans
 Pressure-relief Valve
 Air terminal chambers
 Nameplate or label

6. Production of Transformer oil
Transformer oil is hydrocarbon product,
mainly oil contains napthanic, parrafinic and
aromatics.
crude oil which is buried from earth crust.
Clay treatment process on TOBS will give us the
finished transformer oil.
After the hot filtration operation transformer oil
is ready for filling the transformers.

7. Types of Transformer Oil
Generally there are two types of Transformer Oil used in transformer
1. Paraffin based Transformer Oil
2. Naphtha based Transformer Oil
Naphtha oil is more easily oxidized than Paraffin oil. Paraffin based oil obstruct
the transformer cooling system. Although it has mentioned disadvantage but still
in our country it is generally used because of its easy availability.

8. Various Type Of Oil Based On Colour

9. Type of test conducted on
Transformer oil
Dissolved Gas Analyzer test
Break Down Voltage Test
Tan Delta & Resistivity Test
Total Acidity Test
Water Content Test
Inter Facial Tension Test
Furan Compounds Test.

10. WHAT IS FURAN?
Furan is a hetero cyclic aromatic system consisting of 4 carbon
and one oxygen in a five membered ring
Molecular formula is C4H4O
Structure of Furan Components

11. Insulation Paper
Evaluation through DP
Degree of Polymerization (DP): A
measure of length of cellulose chains
Value for fresh paper: 1000-1200
Value at End of life: 150-200

12. Paper Insulation
Mechanism of Degradation
 Degradation is accelerated by temperature,
water and oxygen
Degradation by-products are:
Water and Carbon oxides
Furans
Alcohols, acids and aromatic & aliphatic
hydrocarbons

13. INSTRUMENTATION

14. FLOW DIAGRAM OF HPLC
INSTRUMENTATION

15. CASE STUDY THROUGH SAMPLING OILS
Case no :1 FOR LOW LEVEL PPB
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5HMFL 2-FA 2-FO 2-AF 5-M2FAL TOTAL
Transformer 1
Transformer 2
Transformer 3
Transformer 4

16. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
5HMFL 2-FA 2-FO 2-AF 5-M2FAL TOTAL
Transformer 1
Transformer 2
Transformer3
Transformer 4
Transformer 5
Transformer 6
Transformer 7
Transformer 8
Transformer 9
Transformer 10
Transformer 11
Transformer 12
Column1
Column2
Transformer 15
CASE NO:2 MEDIUM LEVEL PPB

17. CASE NO:3 HIGH LEVEL PPB
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
5HMFL 2-FA 2-FO 2-AF 5-M2FAL TOTAL
Transformer 1
Transformer 2
Transformer 3
Transformer 4
Transfoermer 5
Transformer 6
Transformer7
Transformer 8
Transformer 9

18. Conclusion:
REWIND / REPLACE SOLID INSULATION
This value are above shown data is available IEEE
In INDIA value are under study conducted by CPRI
State of Transformer Oil Standard Value of PPB
Normal 0 – 100
Questionable 101 – 250
Deteriorated 251 – 1000
Low Reliability 1001.– 2500
Rewind / Replace Solid Insulation >2500
The oil treatment is needed for keeping the transformer on
good technical condition & helps to make better the solid and
liquid insulation parameters.

19. 18 & 19 March 2011 ICCCET 2011 - National College of Engineering 20