1) Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and obtain nutrients as heterotrophs through long filaments called hyphae that form a mycelium. 2) There are five major phyla of fungi: Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota. 3) Fungi reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually through the fusion of compatible hyphae, with life cycles varying between phyla.

4. Fungal Characteristics
1)Cell wall made of Chitin
2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers
3)Body is made of Long filaments of
hyphae which form a mycelium

5. An example of Fungi You know

6. Mushrooms – “Club Like” Fungi or Basidiomycete Fungi

7. Bracket Fungi – Basidiomycete Fungi

8. Bread Mold – a
Zygomycete Fungi

9. Cup Fungi – Ascomycete Fungi
Note the cup shapes and
orange peel colour

10. Kingdom Fungi – you must know 5 Major Phyla
1. Phylum Zygomycota = the Bread Molds
Rhizopus – black bread mold
2. Oomycota = the Water Molds
Water mold, potato blight, mildew
3. Phylum Ascomycota = the Sac Fungi
Yeast, morels, truffles
4. Phylum Basidiomycota = the Club Fungi
Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, smuts,
toadstools
5. Phylum Deuteromycota = the Fungi Imperfecti

11. Zygomycota (Rhizopus) the
Common Molds
-are primarily decomposers
-asexual spores may be produced in sporangia
-sexual reproduction occurs between + and – strains
forming a 2n zygote; a zygospore develops and may
lie dormant for a long period of time; meiosis occurs
just before germination
-only the zygote is diploid; all
hyphae and asexual spores are
haploid

12. Zygomycota – common molds
The fungal mass of
hyphae, known as
the MYCELIUM
penetrates the
bread and
produces the
fruiting bodies on
top of the stalks Mycelia = a mass of hyphae or
filaments

13. Rhizoids = root-like hyphae
The zhizoids meet underground and mating occurs between
hyphae of different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)

14. Zygomycota (Rhizopus)

16. Lifecycle of a Zygomycete Fungi – Asexual then Sexual

17. Ascomycota – Cup Fungi Life Cycle

18. Yeast is an Ascomycete Fungus

19. Morels are Ascomycete Fungi

20. Basidiomycete or Club Fungi

21. Life Cycle of Basidiomycete Fungi

22. Bracket Fungi
Puff Balls
Basidiomycete Fungi that all
produce Basiospores
Jelly Fungi
Mushrooms

23. Other Basidiomycetes Rusts and
Smuts
Rust
infecting
Rust infecting Whitrot Smut
wheat leaves
a Leaf digesting old wood

24. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
-Regarded as imperfect because they exhibit no sexual
stage has been observed in their life cycle
-Members are not closely related and are not
necessarily similar in structure or appearance; do not
share a common ancestry, polyphyletic = coming from
many ancestors – hmm weird 

25. Deuteromycota – the Fungi
Imperfecti
• Resemble Ascomycetes,
but their reproductive
Penicillium fungi
cycle has never been
observed
• Different from
Ascomycetes because
there is a definite lack of Up Close
sexual reproduction,
which is why they are
called Imperfect Fungi

26. Water Molds -- Oomycota
The water molds are better known as the
MILDEWS. Fish tank fuzz is an example.
Protist-like mold because share common
characteristics with plant-like protists, such
as the cell wall

27. Life Cycle of Oomycota

28. Things to Know about Oomycete
Fungi
1. Water molds or mildews
2. Cause diseases such as potato blight
3. Cell walls made of cellulose (like plant)
4. Hyphae have multiple nuclei! Because
the cell walls do not fully close off.
5. Spore swims away like a flagellate, which
is why it is protist like (think of Euglena)

29. Irish Potato Famine of 19th Century
Devastated potato crops, causing
devastating starvation in Ireland 

31. Phylum Ex’s Characterist Asexual Sexual
ics
Oomycota Mildew Cellulose cell Flagellated Gametes fuse
Spud walls, 2N oospores in
blight hyphae from gametangia
sporangia creating
oospores
Zygomycota Rhizopus Chitin cell Unflagel. Gametangia
a dung walls spores drop fuse to create
fungus Coenocytic = from zygospore
hyphae lack sporangia
crosswalls
Ascomycota Yeast, Conidia on Hyphae + & -
morels, conidophores fuse to create
truffles ascospores in
ascus

32. Basidiomycota Mushroo Cross Asexual by way Sexual when
ms walls in of Conidophores hyphae fuse
Puffballs, hyphae which produce in BASIDIA
rusts, conidiospores to produce
smuts basidiospores
Fungi Penicilliu Similar Asexual by Sexual repro
Imperfecti m, To conidia which Not known
Athlete’s Basidio produce
Deuteromycota Foot conidophores
and
fungus, Zygomy
Tomato
Blight

33. Cross Walls of Hyphae
Coenocytic hyphae where the
nucleis of each cell is
embedded in the cytoplasm
without a cell wall
Eg. Zygomycota, Oomycota
Hyphae with cross walls
Eg. Basidiomycota,
Ascomycota

34. Lichens
Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic
organisms. They have an
____________ fungus and a
_________ or cyanobacterial
portion. There are three lichen
growth forms which are
predominant in nature:
_____________________
_____________________________

35. Fruticose
Crustose
Foliose

36. Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae means “fungus-root”;
mutualistic relationship between
plant and fungi
The plant photosynthesizes while
the fungus more efficiently takes
up nutrients and water from the
rhizosphere than the roots would
alone.
Plant benefits include:
•Improved nutrient/water
uptake
•Improved root growth
•Improved plant growth and
yield
•Improved disease resistance
•Reduced transplant shock
•Reduced drought stress

37. Soredia are the asexual reproductive part of lichens,
containing both symbionts. Rhizines may be present to
anchor the lichen. Notice the distinctive algal layer
and the fungal layer present in the above illustration.