Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. It affects over 300 million people annually and kills over 100,000 children in Africa each year. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving mosquito vectors and human hosts. Symptoms include cyclic fevers, chills, sweats, and flu-like illness. Without prompt treatment, it can progress to severe complications and death. The most effective prevention strategies combine early diagnosis and treatment, vector control measures like insecticides and bed nets, and reducing human-mosquito contact.

1. Malaria
Md Limon Mia
MBBS,4TH year
Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College
Noakhali,Chittagong,Bangladesh
gmail:mdlimonmia1952@gmail.com

2. Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

3. Carlos Finlay

4. RONALD ROSS

6. Impact
• 300 million acute
illness
• 100 million deaths
• A child in Africa dies
every 30 seconds

7. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
• Agent:
p.vivax
p. Falciparum
p.Ovale
p.malariae
More than 90% of malaria caused by mainly
falcifarum and vivax

10. Agent

11. Vector
female anophilis mosquitto

12. Host factor
• Age -all ages
• Sex –male>female
• Pregnancy-increased risk
• Housing –all ventilated and ill lighted house
• Occupation agriculture practisoner
• Human habit-sleeping out of house without
mosquittonet

13. Environmental factor
• Seasion-from july to nobember
• Temperature-20-30
• Humidity-60%
• rainfall-necessary for breeding
• Altitude-abobe 2000 metre not found
• Man made malaria –burowpits,Gurdan pool

14. LIFE CYCLE

16. Symptoms of infection
• Characteristic fever 2-3
day cycle
cold stage
hot stage
sweating stage
• Anemia
• Renal failure
• Seizures
• coma

17. Symptoms

18. Malarial Paroxysm
cold stage
•feeling of intense cold
•vigorous shivering
•lasts 15-60 minutes
hot stage
•intense heat
•dry burning skin
•throbbing headache
•lasts 2-6 hours
sweating stage
•profuse sweating
•declining temperature
•exhausted and weak → sleep
•lasts 2-4 hours

19. Severe malaria
– Cerebral malaria
– Generalised convulsions
– Severe normocytic anaemia
– Hypoglycaemia
– Metabolic acidosis with respiratory distress
– Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
– Acute renal failure
– Acute pulmonary oedema and adult respiratory distress
syndrome
– Abnormal bleeding
– Jaundice
– Haemoglobinuria
– Circulatory collapse, shock, septicaema
– Hyperparasitaemia

20. Cerevral malaria
Extensor posturing

21. Complications of malaria :
Pulmonary oedema

22. Complications of malaria :
anaemia

23. DIAGNOSIS
• Symptoms
• Microscopy
• PCR
• ELISA

24. Lab diagnosis
CCMOVBD CCMOVBD
Trophozoites
Schizont
CCMOVBD CCMOVBD
Gametocyte

27. p. falcifarum

28. Treatment of severe falciparum malaria
Any of the following antimalarial medicines are
recommended
– Artesunate i.v. or i.m
– artemether i.m.
– quinine (i.v. infusion or i.m. injection).
Full course of ACT or quinine + clindamycin or
doxycycline when patient can tolerate oral
treatment

29. Treatment
• Chloroquine most
common and effective
drug used to treat
malaria
• Causes nausea, blurred
vision, and in some
cases neurological
dysfunction and
seizures

30. p.vivax

31. Main malaria control measure
1. Early diagnosis and treatment of cases
2. Vector control :
• adult mosquitoes :insecticides
• mosquito larvae: draining breeding
sites
3. Reducing vector-human contact: bed nets ,
repellents
4. Early detection and control of epidemics