Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. Nader Engheta (University of Pennsylvania) on September 28, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
This document provides an overview of inelastic light scattering in carbon nanostructures from the micro to the nanoscale. It begins with a discussion of Raman spectroscopy and vibrational modes in sp2 carbons like nanotubes and graphene. It then reviews the development of carbon nanostructures from graphite to fullerenes to nanotubes to graphene. The rest of the document discusses techniques like tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy that allow single-nanotube spectroscopy at the nanoscale. It also covers applications of carbon nanostructures in areas like bioengineering and discusses methods for characterizing structures and interactions.
The document provides an overview of Hajo Freund's research on modeling heterogeneous catalysts at the atomic level. It discusses four conceptual studies: (1) investigating the active sites at metal-oxide interfaces in supported nanoparticle systems using scanning tunneling microscopy, (2) modeling amorphous silica supports through thin film preparation, characterization, and scanning probe microscopy, (3) examining adsorption and chemical reactions in confined spaces using infrared absorption spectroscopy, and (4) understanding the influence of morphology on reactivity through carbon dioxide activation studies. The research aims to develop molecular-scale models of heterogeneous catalysts through advanced surface science techniques.
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. Ichiro Takeuchi (University of Maryland, USA) on September 30, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Ab initio simulation in materials science, Dierk Raabe, lecture at IHPC Singa...Dierk Raabe
This document summarizes research on using ab initio modeling and multiscale simulations to design new materials. It discusses how density functional theory can be used to calculate material properties from first principles and inform higher scale simulations. Examples are given of designing titanium alloys for biomedical implants, high strength steels, soft magnetic steels, magnesium alloys, and chitin composites by predicting properties like elastic modulus from the electronic structure of the materials.
This document provides an overview of inelastic light scattering in carbon nanostructures from the micro to the nanoscale. It begins with a discussion of Raman spectroscopy and vibrational modes in sp2 carbons like nanotubes and graphene. It then reviews the development of carbon nanostructures from graphite to fullerenes to nanotubes to graphene. The rest of the document discusses techniques like tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy that allow single-nanotube spectroscopy at the nanoscale. It also covers applications of carbon nanostructures in areas like bioengineering and discusses methods for characterizing structures and interactions.
The document provides an overview of Hajo Freund's research on modeling heterogeneous catalysts at the atomic level. It discusses four conceptual studies: (1) investigating the active sites at metal-oxide interfaces in supported nanoparticle systems using scanning tunneling microscopy, (2) modeling amorphous silica supports through thin film preparation, characterization, and scanning probe microscopy, (3) examining adsorption and chemical reactions in confined spaces using infrared absorption spectroscopy, and (4) understanding the influence of morphology on reactivity through carbon dioxide activation studies. The research aims to develop molecular-scale models of heterogeneous catalysts through advanced surface science techniques.
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. Ichiro Takeuchi (University of Maryland, USA) on September 30, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Ab initio simulation in materials science, Dierk Raabe, lecture at IHPC Singa...Dierk Raabe
This document summarizes research on using ab initio modeling and multiscale simulations to design new materials. It discusses how density functional theory can be used to calculate material properties from first principles and inform higher scale simulations. Examples are given of designing titanium alloys for biomedical implants, high strength steels, soft magnetic steels, magnesium alloys, and chitin composites by predicting properties like elastic modulus from the electronic structure of the materials.
Ab Initio Lecture Sidney University Oct 2010Dierk Raabe
This document discusses using ab initio modeling and multiscale modeling to design new structural materials. It begins with an overview of ab initio modeling techniques like density functional theory calculations. It then provides examples of using these methods to design new titanium biomaterials, high strength steels, soft magnetic steels, and magnesium-lithium alloys. The document concludes with a discussion of challenges in scaling up ab initio modeling to design more complex alloy systems and better integrating with experimental data.
The document summarizes research on magnetism at oxide interfaces. It discusses how interfaces between complex oxide materials like LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can exhibit emergent properties not present in the constituent materials, such as ferromagnetism. Experimental techniques like SQUID, torque magnetometry, and XMCD are used to study the magnetic behavior and determine its origin. Theoretical predictions and XAS data indicate the magnetism arises from a reconstructed dxy orbital state of interfacial Ti3+ ions enabled by symmetry breaking and electronic reconstruction at the interface. Potential device applications involving spin injection and field effect transistors are also presented.
Plenary lecture - XV B-MRS Meeting - Campinas, SP, Brazil - September, 25 to 29, 2016.
Author: Elvira Fortunato (CENIMAT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal).
IMPROVEMENT IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF HARD FERRITE P...Editor IJMTER
The Ni-Ir substituted strontium ferrite of Sr(Ni-Ir)xFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.02 & 0.08) were
synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion technique and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological behaviour with electrical
characteristics using Impedance Analyzer. XRD results confirmed the formation of a single phase
M-type hexagonal unit cell of space group P63/mmc. The increase in Ni-Ir concentration increases
the lattice parameter. TEM analysis of the sample demonstrates the formation of nano-size particles
which decreases with substitution. In this paper we reported the variation of dielectric constant,
dielectric loss, tangent loss, conductivity and magnetic behaviour with composition with temperature
and frequency analysis of the sample. The migration of Fe3+ ion from octahedral to tetrahedral site
decreases the dielectric constant with increase in Ni-Ir concentration. Activation energies were
found similar with calculated at ferromagnetic and paramagnetic region. The material study we
confined that the activation energy in the paramagnetic region is higher than that in the
ferromagnetic region. The enhanced resistivity of Ni-Ir substituted strontium hexaferrites is a
prospective application in high frequency and in microwave devices development.
Bragg solitons are optical solitons that can exist in fiber Bragg gratings due to the interplay between nonlinearity and periodic modulation of the refractive index. Fiber Bragg gratings are fabricated by exposing germanium-doped optical fibers to ultraviolet laser irradiation, which produces a periodic refractive index pattern. Bragg solitons have been experimentally observed to propagate in fiber gratings at velocities between 60-80% of the speed of light in the unwritten fiber. Their properties are mathematically modeled using coupled mode equations that take into account the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion, and the periodic grating structure.
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Plenary lecture of the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, given on October 1st 2014 in João Pessoa (Brazil) by Roberto Dovesi, professor at Universita' degli Studi di Torino (Italy).
Origin of the Size-Dependent Fluorescence Blueshift in [n]Cycloparaphenylenes Stephan Irle
We present quantum chemical electronic structure calculations to investigate the nature of the low-lying excited states of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and the role of static and dynamic geometrical distortions in the bright states. The lowest-energy bright states involve single-electron excitations from S0 ground state to S2 and S3 states, which are at the Franck-Condon geometry the two components of a twofold degenerate 1E state. They couple to a twofold degenerate e vibration which induces Jahn-Teller (JT) deformation of the CPP geometry from circular to oval shape. Non-radiative decay from the S2/S3 states to the ground S0 and first excited, dark S1 states is suppressed due to symmetry rules. The emission spectral features in CPPs with large number of phenylene units n can therefore largely be attributed to the E ⊗ e JT system associated with S2 and S3. However, absorption and emission energies computed at the respective S0 and S2/S3 minimum energy geometries are found to be nearly identical, independent of the molecular size n in the CPP molecules. In contrast, molecular dynamics simulations performed on the excited state potential surfaces are able to explain the experimentally observed fluorescence blueshift of the strongest emission peaks with increasing molecular size. This unusual feature turns out to be a consequence of large vibrational amplitudes in small [n]CPPs, causing greater Stokes shifts, while large [n]CPPs are more rigid and therefore feature smaller Stokes shifts (“dynamic blueshift”). For the same reasons, symmetry rules are violated to a greater extent in small [n]CPPs, and it is expected that in their case a “static blueshift” due to emission from S1 contributes in the fluorescence spectra.
1) The electronic structure at oxide interfaces like LaAlO3/SrTiO3 involves an "electronic reconstruction" where a high mobility 2D electron gas forms at the interface between the insulating oxides.
2) DFT calculations using LDA+U show that the polar catastrophe that would occur due to the alternating charged layers in LaAlO3 can be avoided through a distortion of the LaO plane and displacement of the AlO2 plane.
3) Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces match well with the DFT-calculated density of states, confirming the 3d character of the conducting electrons.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
Proslier - Localized magnetism on the Surface of Niobium: experiments and theorythinfilmsworkshop
Localized magnetism exists on the surface of niobium, as evidenced by experiments and supported by theory. Point contact spectroscopy, SQUID, and EPR measurements show the presence of paramagnetic moments in niobium oxides that increase with mild baking and decrease with high temperature baking. Theoretical modeling of the residual resistance matches experimental data and attributes it to magnetic impurities in the niobium oxide layer, with a concentration of around 250 ppm or 6×1012/cm2. Surface treatments like baking modify the concentration of magnetic moments, providing an explanation for changes in cavity performance.
Role of excitonic effects in nonlinear optical properties of 2D materialsClaudio Attaccalite
The document discusses the role of excitonic effects in nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials. It presents a real-time approach to calculate nonlinear optics that includes excitonic effects using a dynamical polarization consistent with periodic boundary conditions. Calculations show excitonic effects enhance second harmonic generation at resonant energies in materials like MoS2 and h-BN. Excitonic effects also impact third harmonic generation by redistributing intensity and reducing it at resonant energies. The approach is implemented in an open source nonlinear optics module.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
This document summarizes the development of a new composite sensor material made of graphite and epoxy resin. Preliminary studies tested different ratios of graphite and epoxy to find the ideal composition. The 65% graphite composite was found to have suitable properties like stability, moldability and low cost. Further characterization of the 65% composite showed it has low surface roughness and hardness, making it suitable for use as an electroanalytical sensor substrate. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated the composite has comparable electroactive properties to glassy carbon. The new low-cost composite shows potential for use in electrochemical sensors and cells.
This document summarizes a study on the size-reduction effect on the photophysical properties of nano-crystals of [Ru(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3] and the functionalization of their surface. Key points include:
1) Nano-crystals of various sizes from 140nm to 2.5μm were synthesized using a reverse micelle technique to control size. Smaller nano-crystals showed faster energy transfer from core to surface and shorter luminescence decay times.
2) Fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy showed the crystalline environment at the surface is slightly different than the bulk. Time-resolved spectra indicate directional energy transfer from core to surface.
3)
Prof Ong gave a webinar talk on the AI Revolution in Materials Science for the Singapore Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR). In this talk, he discussed the big challenges in materials science where AI can potentially make a huge impact towards addressing as well as outstanding challenges and opportunities to bringing forth the AI revolution to the materials domain.
37 Latest results from GRAAL collaboration - Chinese Physics C (HEP & NP), De...Cristian Randieri PhD
Latest results from GRAAL collaboration - Chinese Physics C (HEP & NP), December 2009, Vol. 33, N. 12, pp. 1249-1253, ISSN: 1674-1137, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/12/032
di V. Vegna, V. Bellini, J. P. Bouquet, L. Casano, A. D'Angelo, J. P. Didelez, R. Di Salvo, A. Fantini, D. Franco, G. Gervino, F. Ghio, G. Giardina, B. Girolami, A. Giusa, M. Guidal, E. Hourany, A. S. Ignatov, R. Kunnel, A. Lapik, A. Lleres, P. Levi Sandri, F. Mammoliti, G. Mandaglio, M. Manganaro, M. Moricciani, A.N. Mushkarenkov, V. G. Nedorezov, C. Randieri, D. Rebreyend, N. V. Rudnev, G. Russo, C. Schaerf, M. L. Sperduto, M. C. Sutera, A. Turinge (2009)
Abstract
The GRAAL experimental set-up consists of a polarized and tagged photon beam that covers an energy range from a minimum of 600 MeV up to a maximum of 1500 MeV, of a liquid Hydrogen or Deuterium target and of the 4π Lagrange detector optimized for photon detection. It allows the study of pseudo-scalar and vector meson photoproduction on the nucleon in the energy range corresponding to the second and the third resonance regions. In the following, the σ beam asymmetries in η and π0 photoproduction on quasi-free nucleon are shown. Also single and double polarization observables in K+Λ photoproduction on free proton are shown; they are important to confirm the role of new or poorly known resonances in the 1900 MeV mass region.
The document summarizes the metal-insulator transition in VO2, which occurs at 340K. In the metallic phase, VO2 exhibits bad metal behavior with short electron mean free paths. The insulating phase has two possible structures - M1 and M2. M1 involves pairing of V atoms and splitting of orbitals. M2 involves formation of zig-zag V chains. The transition may involve both Mott-Hubbard localization and a Peierls instability driven by soft phonon modes near the R point of the Brillouin zone. Precise values are estimated for the electronic parameters characterizing the insulating M1 phase, including Hubbard U, spin gap Δσ, and charge gap Δρ.
This document contains 8 questions related to the subject of Engineering Physics for an examination. It provides information on statistical mechanics, black body radiation, nanotechnology, crystal defects, band theory of solids, optical fibers, semiconductors, and other physics topics. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, with each question consisting of 3 related sub-questions to be answered.
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. George Malliaras (École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France) on September 30, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. Paul Ducheyne (University of Pennsylvania, USA) on September 29, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Ab Initio Lecture Sidney University Oct 2010Dierk Raabe
This document discusses using ab initio modeling and multiscale modeling to design new structural materials. It begins with an overview of ab initio modeling techniques like density functional theory calculations. It then provides examples of using these methods to design new titanium biomaterials, high strength steels, soft magnetic steels, and magnesium-lithium alloys. The document concludes with a discussion of challenges in scaling up ab initio modeling to design more complex alloy systems and better integrating with experimental data.
The document summarizes research on magnetism at oxide interfaces. It discusses how interfaces between complex oxide materials like LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can exhibit emergent properties not present in the constituent materials, such as ferromagnetism. Experimental techniques like SQUID, torque magnetometry, and XMCD are used to study the magnetic behavior and determine its origin. Theoretical predictions and XAS data indicate the magnetism arises from a reconstructed dxy orbital state of interfacial Ti3+ ions enabled by symmetry breaking and electronic reconstruction at the interface. Potential device applications involving spin injection and field effect transistors are also presented.
Plenary lecture - XV B-MRS Meeting - Campinas, SP, Brazil - September, 25 to 29, 2016.
Author: Elvira Fortunato (CENIMAT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal).
IMPROVEMENT IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF HARD FERRITE P...Editor IJMTER
The Ni-Ir substituted strontium ferrite of Sr(Ni-Ir)xFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.02 & 0.08) were
synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion technique and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological behaviour with electrical
characteristics using Impedance Analyzer. XRD results confirmed the formation of a single phase
M-type hexagonal unit cell of space group P63/mmc. The increase in Ni-Ir concentration increases
the lattice parameter. TEM analysis of the sample demonstrates the formation of nano-size particles
which decreases with substitution. In this paper we reported the variation of dielectric constant,
dielectric loss, tangent loss, conductivity and magnetic behaviour with composition with temperature
and frequency analysis of the sample. The migration of Fe3+ ion from octahedral to tetrahedral site
decreases the dielectric constant with increase in Ni-Ir concentration. Activation energies were
found similar with calculated at ferromagnetic and paramagnetic region. The material study we
confined that the activation energy in the paramagnetic region is higher than that in the
ferromagnetic region. The enhanced resistivity of Ni-Ir substituted strontium hexaferrites is a
prospective application in high frequency and in microwave devices development.
Bragg solitons are optical solitons that can exist in fiber Bragg gratings due to the interplay between nonlinearity and periodic modulation of the refractive index. Fiber Bragg gratings are fabricated by exposing germanium-doped optical fibers to ultraviolet laser irradiation, which produces a periodic refractive index pattern. Bragg solitons have been experimentally observed to propagate in fiber gratings at velocities between 60-80% of the speed of light in the unwritten fiber. Their properties are mathematically modeled using coupled mode equations that take into account the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion, and the periodic grating structure.
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Plenary lecture of the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, given on October 1st 2014 in João Pessoa (Brazil) by Roberto Dovesi, professor at Universita' degli Studi di Torino (Italy).
Origin of the Size-Dependent Fluorescence Blueshift in [n]Cycloparaphenylenes Stephan Irle
We present quantum chemical electronic structure calculations to investigate the nature of the low-lying excited states of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and the role of static and dynamic geometrical distortions in the bright states. The lowest-energy bright states involve single-electron excitations from S0 ground state to S2 and S3 states, which are at the Franck-Condon geometry the two components of a twofold degenerate 1E state. They couple to a twofold degenerate e vibration which induces Jahn-Teller (JT) deformation of the CPP geometry from circular to oval shape. Non-radiative decay from the S2/S3 states to the ground S0 and first excited, dark S1 states is suppressed due to symmetry rules. The emission spectral features in CPPs with large number of phenylene units n can therefore largely be attributed to the E ⊗ e JT system associated with S2 and S3. However, absorption and emission energies computed at the respective S0 and S2/S3 minimum energy geometries are found to be nearly identical, independent of the molecular size n in the CPP molecules. In contrast, molecular dynamics simulations performed on the excited state potential surfaces are able to explain the experimentally observed fluorescence blueshift of the strongest emission peaks with increasing molecular size. This unusual feature turns out to be a consequence of large vibrational amplitudes in small [n]CPPs, causing greater Stokes shifts, while large [n]CPPs are more rigid and therefore feature smaller Stokes shifts (“dynamic blueshift”). For the same reasons, symmetry rules are violated to a greater extent in small [n]CPPs, and it is expected that in their case a “static blueshift” due to emission from S1 contributes in the fluorescence spectra.
1) The electronic structure at oxide interfaces like LaAlO3/SrTiO3 involves an "electronic reconstruction" where a high mobility 2D electron gas forms at the interface between the insulating oxides.
2) DFT calculations using LDA+U show that the polar catastrophe that would occur due to the alternating charged layers in LaAlO3 can be avoided through a distortion of the LaO plane and displacement of the AlO2 plane.
3) Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces match well with the DFT-calculated density of states, confirming the 3d character of the conducting electrons.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
Proslier - Localized magnetism on the Surface of Niobium: experiments and theorythinfilmsworkshop
Localized magnetism exists on the surface of niobium, as evidenced by experiments and supported by theory. Point contact spectroscopy, SQUID, and EPR measurements show the presence of paramagnetic moments in niobium oxides that increase with mild baking and decrease with high temperature baking. Theoretical modeling of the residual resistance matches experimental data and attributes it to magnetic impurities in the niobium oxide layer, with a concentration of around 250 ppm or 6×1012/cm2. Surface treatments like baking modify the concentration of magnetic moments, providing an explanation for changes in cavity performance.
Role of excitonic effects in nonlinear optical properties of 2D materialsClaudio Attaccalite
The document discusses the role of excitonic effects in nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials. It presents a real-time approach to calculate nonlinear optics that includes excitonic effects using a dynamical polarization consistent with periodic boundary conditions. Calculations show excitonic effects enhance second harmonic generation at resonant energies in materials like MoS2 and h-BN. Excitonic effects also impact third harmonic generation by redistributing intensity and reducing it at resonant energies. The approach is implemented in an open source nonlinear optics module.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
This document summarizes the development of a new composite sensor material made of graphite and epoxy resin. Preliminary studies tested different ratios of graphite and epoxy to find the ideal composition. The 65% graphite composite was found to have suitable properties like stability, moldability and low cost. Further characterization of the 65% composite showed it has low surface roughness and hardness, making it suitable for use as an electroanalytical sensor substrate. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated the composite has comparable electroactive properties to glassy carbon. The new low-cost composite shows potential for use in electrochemical sensors and cells.
This document summarizes a study on the size-reduction effect on the photophysical properties of nano-crystals of [Ru(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3] and the functionalization of their surface. Key points include:
1) Nano-crystals of various sizes from 140nm to 2.5μm were synthesized using a reverse micelle technique to control size. Smaller nano-crystals showed faster energy transfer from core to surface and shorter luminescence decay times.
2) Fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy showed the crystalline environment at the surface is slightly different than the bulk. Time-resolved spectra indicate directional energy transfer from core to surface.
3)
Prof Ong gave a webinar talk on the AI Revolution in Materials Science for the Singapore Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR). In this talk, he discussed the big challenges in materials science where AI can potentially make a huge impact towards addressing as well as outstanding challenges and opportunities to bringing forth the AI revolution to the materials domain.
37 Latest results from GRAAL collaboration - Chinese Physics C (HEP & NP), De...Cristian Randieri PhD
Latest results from GRAAL collaboration - Chinese Physics C (HEP & NP), December 2009, Vol. 33, N. 12, pp. 1249-1253, ISSN: 1674-1137, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/33/12/032
di V. Vegna, V. Bellini, J. P. Bouquet, L. Casano, A. D'Angelo, J. P. Didelez, R. Di Salvo, A. Fantini, D. Franco, G. Gervino, F. Ghio, G. Giardina, B. Girolami, A. Giusa, M. Guidal, E. Hourany, A. S. Ignatov, R. Kunnel, A. Lapik, A. Lleres, P. Levi Sandri, F. Mammoliti, G. Mandaglio, M. Manganaro, M. Moricciani, A.N. Mushkarenkov, V. G. Nedorezov, C. Randieri, D. Rebreyend, N. V. Rudnev, G. Russo, C. Schaerf, M. L. Sperduto, M. C. Sutera, A. Turinge (2009)
Abstract
The GRAAL experimental set-up consists of a polarized and tagged photon beam that covers an energy range from a minimum of 600 MeV up to a maximum of 1500 MeV, of a liquid Hydrogen or Deuterium target and of the 4π Lagrange detector optimized for photon detection. It allows the study of pseudo-scalar and vector meson photoproduction on the nucleon in the energy range corresponding to the second and the third resonance regions. In the following, the σ beam asymmetries in η and π0 photoproduction on quasi-free nucleon are shown. Also single and double polarization observables in K+Λ photoproduction on free proton are shown; they are important to confirm the role of new or poorly known resonances in the 1900 MeV mass region.
The document summarizes the metal-insulator transition in VO2, which occurs at 340K. In the metallic phase, VO2 exhibits bad metal behavior with short electron mean free paths. The insulating phase has two possible structures - M1 and M2. M1 involves pairing of V atoms and splitting of orbitals. M2 involves formation of zig-zag V chains. The transition may involve both Mott-Hubbard localization and a Peierls instability driven by soft phonon modes near the R point of the Brillouin zone. Precise values are estimated for the electronic parameters characterizing the insulating M1 phase, including Hubbard U, spin gap Δσ, and charge gap Δρ.
This document contains 8 questions related to the subject of Engineering Physics for an examination. It provides information on statistical mechanics, black body radiation, nanotechnology, crystal defects, band theory of solids, optical fibers, semiconductors, and other physics topics. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, with each question consisting of 3 related sub-questions to be answered.
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. George Malliaras (École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France) on September 30, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Plenary lecture of the XIV SBPMat Meeting, given by Prof. Paul Ducheyne (University of Pennsylvania, USA) on September 29, 2015, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
The Giants invite visitors to take pictures at iconic San Francisco locations like Union Square, Pier 39, the Golden Gate Bridge, and AT&T Park to become part of the Giants family. Taking pictures at all four locations earns a free beverage at a Giants game and a chance to have your picture displayed on the stadium screen in front of 40,000 people.
This document outlines an HTML and navigation workshop held over 5 weeks. Week 1 covers basic HTML elements and CSS for styling. Week 2 focuses on navigation using hyperlinks. Week 3 introduces HTML5 and JavaScript for interactivity. Week 4 has students present their websites for feedback. Week 5 is for continued work on individual websites. Students are assigned to build an interactive story website using techniques from the workshop. Resources for independent learning include websites, forums, tutorials and online HTML courses.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, maior tela e bateria de longa duração. O dispositivo também possui processador mais rápido e armazenamento expansível. O novo modelo será lançado em outubro por um preço inicial de US$799.
Retrato Paulista
A tranquilidade de morar com tranquilidade e, ao mesmo tempo, estar ao lado da Avenida Paulista.
Endereço: Rua Nilo, 170, Aclimação (A 700 m do Metrô Paraíso)
Área do terreno: 4.900 m² - torre única: 24 andares
Venha visitar este projeto diferenciado de todos os outros que você já viu.
Tipologia e área privativa das unidades:
75 m², 2 dorms, 1 suíte e 2 vagas determinadas
106 m², 3 dorms, 1 suíte e 2 vagas determinadas
185 m², 3 dorms, 1 suíte e 3 vagas determinadas
Lazer: Bosque Provativo, Playground, Piscina Coberta, Spa com Descanso, Sauna e Massagem, Fitness, Pilates, Salão de Festas Adulto, Salão de Festas Infantil, Salão de Jogos Adulto, Espaço Juvenil, Brinquedoteca, Lavanderia.
Para mais informações, entre em contato comigo:
Humberto Amzzelotti
humberto.lpx@gmail.com
(11) 94731-0790
(11) 98588-8082
Amit Engineering Co. has been operating since 1979 and deals in importing, exporting, trading, and supplying various engineering machines. They provide sheet metal working machines, woodworking machines, presses, lathes, mills, drills, saws, and other general industrial machinery. The company aims to diversify and become an international competitor in machinery.
Novel approaches to optomechanical transductionOndrej Cernotik
Optomechanical systems offer a promising route towards frequency conversion between microwaves and light. Current theoretical and experimental efforts focus on approaches based on either optomechanically induced transparency (suffering from limited conversion bandwidth) or adiabatic passage (requiring time-dependent control). In my talk, I will present two alternative strategies for optomechanical transduction that avoid these limitations. In the first one, entanglement between two superconducting qubits is generated by using transducers as force sensors; jointly measuring the force with which the qubits act on the transducers leads to conditional generation of entanglement between the qubits. The other device uses spatially adiabatic frequency conversion in an array of optomechanical transducers, allowing for large conversion bandwidth with time-independent control.
Novel approaches to optomechanical transductionOndrej Cernotik
In recent years, mechanical oscillators received attention as a promising tool for frequency conversion between microwaves and light. A general, bi-directional transducer with high efficiency is still far from reach of current technology; finding new strategies for optomechanical transduction allows us to relax the requirements and bring these systems closer to an experimental realization. An interesting example is generation of entanglement between two superconducting qubits using measurement and postselection. Here, the mechanical oscillators interacts directly with the superconducting transmon qubit in such a way that it feels a qubit-state dependent force. This force can then be read out using a cavity field; reading out two such systems sequentially realizes an effective total spin measurement. Starting from a suitable initial state and employing postselection, entanglement can be generated. Another interesting approach is to use an array of optomechanical transducers in which the output fields of one transducer are fed into the input of the next. The periodicity of the array results in a joint dispersion relation for the propagating microwave and optical fields. The resulting structure can be used to control the conversion bandwidth and forward and backward scattering.
Novel approaches to optomechanical transductionOndrej Cernotik
Slides for a presentation I gave at the Spring meeting of the German Physical Society in Mainz on March 10, 2017.
In the presentation, I discuss new approaches to frequency conversion of electromagnetic fields using optomechanical interaction. The main figure of merit we are trying to optimize is the transduction bandwidth. I show that the bandwidth can be enhanced by using spatially adiabatic state transfer in an array of conventional optomechanical transducers.
The document summarizes research on charge density waves in rare-earth nickelates using a mean-field approach. It first provides background on rare-earth nickelates and proposes a low-energy model Hamiltonian. It then describes the application of mean-field theory to analyze charge ordering, deriving a self-consistency equation. Numerical results from the mean-field theory show a phase transition from a uniform to a charge ordered state as a function of model parameters. The document concludes by discussing open questions regarding parameter values and the validity of the mean-field approach for describing nickelates.
New Broken Time-reversal Symmetry Superconductors: Theoretical Constraints on...Jorge Quintanilla
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From unconventional to extreme to functional materials.
1. From Unconventional to Extreme
to Functional Materials
September 28, 2015
Nader Engheta
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA
2. 17 Equations that Changed the World
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown, 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012
3. 17 Equations that Changed the World
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown, 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012
Pythagoras’s Theorem a2
+b2
= c2
Pythagoras 530 BC
Logarithms log(xy) = log(x)+log(y) Neper, 1610
Calculus
df
dt
= lim
f (t + h)− f (t)
h
|h→0
Newton, 1668
Law of Gravity F = G
m1
m2
r2
Newton, 1687
Wave Equation
∂2
u
∂t2
= v2 ∂2
u
∂x2
D’Alambert, 1746
4. 17 Equations that Changed the World
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown, 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012
Euler’s Formula for
Polyhedra
V − E + F = 2 Euler 1751
Normal Distributions Φ(x) =
1
2πσ
e
−
(x−µ)2
2σ 2
Gauss 1810
Fourier Transform F(ω) = f (x)e−2πixω
dx
−∞
+∞
∫ Fourier 1822
Navier-Stokes Eq Navier & Stokes, 1845ρ
∂v
∂t
+ v⋅∇v
$
%
&
'
(
) = −∇p+ ∇⋅T + f
Square Root of -1 Euler, 1750i2
= −1
5. 17 Equations that Changed the World
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown, 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012
Maxwell Equations
∇⋅ D = ρ ∇⋅ B = 0
∇× E = −
∂B
∂t
∇× H = J +
∂D
∂t
Maxwell 1865
2nd law of thermodynamic dS ≥ 0 Boltzmann 1874
Relativity E = mc2 Einstein, 1905
Schrodinger’s Eq. i
∂Ψ
∂t
= HΨ Schrodinger 1927
Information Theory Shannon, 1949H = −∑ p(x)log p(x)
6. 17 Equations that Changed the World
Ian Stewart, “In Pursuit of the Unknown, 17 Equations that Changed the World”, 2012
Chaos Theory xt+1
= kxt
(1− xt
) R. May 1975
Black-Scholes Eq.
1
2
σ 2
S2 ∂2
V
∂S2
+ rS
∂V
∂S
+
∂V
∂t
− rV = 0 Black + Scholes 1990
12. “Artificially” Engineered Materials
● Particulate Composite Materials
, ,h h r h rn ε µ=
, ,c c r c rn ε µ=
● Composition
● Alignment
● Arrangement
● Density
● Host Medium
● Geometry/Shape
13. Metamaterials Samples (2000-2015)
Smith, Schultz group (2000)
Boeing group
Capasso group (2011)
Wegener group (2009)
Zhang group (2008)
Atwater group (2007)
Engheta group (2012)Giessen group (2008)
17. From 3D Metamaterials to
2D Metasurfaces
Shalaev & Boltasseva
groups (2012)Capasso group (2011) Alu group (2012)
Brongersma & Hasman groups (2014) Maci group (2014) Brenner group (2014)
27. Optical Metatronics:
Materials Become Circuits
Engheta, Physics Worlds, 23(9), 31 (2010)
Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007)
Engheta, Salandrino, Alu, Phys. Rev. Lett, (2005)
Sun, Edwards, Alu, Engheta, Nature Materials (2012)
Electronics
a λ<<
( )Re 0ε >
C
( )Re 0ε <
E
H L
( )Im 0ε ≠
E
H
E
H
Metatronics
R
33. “Stereo-Circuits”
Different “Circuits” for Different “Views”
Alu and Engheta, New Journal of Physics, 2009
EH
L
C
E
H
L
C
Salandrino, Alu, Engheta, JOSA B, Part 1, 2007
Alu, Salandrino, Engheta, JOSA B, Part 2, 2007
34. Integrated Metatronic Circuits (IMC)
Inspired by the work of Jack Kilby (1959)
Integrated Metatronic Circuits
F. Abbasi and N. Engheta, Optics Express, 2014
http://www.cedmagic.com/history/integrated-circuit-1958.html
35. Metatronic Filter Design
Y. Li, I. Liberal and N. Engheta, work in progress
F. Abbasi and N. Engheta, Optics Express, 2014
40. Metamaterial as Differentiator
0
1
-‐5λ Width 5λ
Re(Sim.)(x1.4)
Im(Sim.)(x1.4)
1
0
-1
-5λ
5λ
Derivative (MS)
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
41. Metamaterial as 2nd Differentiator
-‐0.5
0.0
0.5
-‐5λ Width 5λ
Re(Sim.)(x3.8)
Im(Sim.)(x3.8)
1
0
-1
-5λ
5λ
Derivative (MS)
εms
y( )/εo
= µms
y( )/ µo
= i2 λo
/ 2πΔ( )"
#
$
%ln −iW / 2y( )( )
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
42. Metamaterial as Integrator
-‐4
-‐2
0
-‐5λ Width 5λ
Re(Sim.)(x8.5)
Im(Sim.)(x8.5)
1
0
-1
-5λ
5λ
Derivative (MS)
εms
y( )/εo
= µms
y( )/ µo
= i λo
/ 2πΔ( )"
#
$
%ln iy / d( )
εms
y( )/εo
= µms
y( )/ µo
= − λo
/ 4Δ( )#
$
%
&sign y / d( )
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
43. Metamaterial as Convolver
-‐3
0
3
-‐5λ Width 5λ
Re(Sim.)(x14)
Im(Sim.)(x14)
1
0
-1
-5λ
5λ
Derivative (MS)
εms
y( )/εo
= µms
y( )/ µo
= i λo
/ 2πΔ( )"
#
$
%ln i / sinc Wk
y / 2s2
( )( )"
#&
$
%'
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
44. Engineering Kernels Using MTM
g(y) = f (y')G(y − y')dy'∫
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
45. Metamaterial as “Edge Detector”
A. Silva, F. Monticone, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alu, N. Engheta, Science, 343, Jan 2014
Photo: Tod Grubbs
46. Metamaterial “Eq. Solvers”?
Metamaterial
Eq. Solver
Metamaterial as a “solving” machine?
( )
( )
df x
af x
dx
=
( ) ( ) ( )k u x f u du af x− =∫
Informatic
Metamaterials( )f x
( )df x
dx
52. ENZ Structures
( )Re 0ε ≅
ITO
kz
=ω µ0
ε0
εr
−
1
ω2
µo
εo
π
a
!
"
#
$
%
&
2
a
z
x
y
Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2
Zheludev Group
53. How do we make an EMNZ structure?
M. Silveirinha and N. Engheta Physical Review B, 75, 075119 (2007)
ENZ
εi
>1
µeff
=
µo
Acell
Ah,cell
+ 2πR2
J1
ki
R( )
ki
RJ0
ki
R( )
!
"
#
#
$
%
&
&
A. Mahmoud and N. Engheta, Nature Communications, Dec 2014
CT Chan’s group Nature Materials,
10, 582-585 (2011)
54. 2D EMNZ Cavity
I. Liberal, A. Mahmoud and N. Engheta, Manuscript submitted, under review
55. 2D EMNZ Cavity
I. Liberal, A. Mahmoud and N. Engheta, Manuscript submitted, under review
56. 3D EMNZ Cavity
εp
PEC
ENZ
H Field
E Field
I. Liberal, A. Mahmoud and N. Engheta, Manuscript submitted, under review
57. 3D EMNZ Cavity
(A) (B) (C)
ωres
/ωp
I. Liberal, A. Mahmoud and N. Engheta, Manuscript submitted, under review
58. EMNZ in Quantum Electrodynamics
Superradiance?
Subradiance?
Long-Range Collective States of Multi-emitters?
Long-Range Entanglement?
Cavity QED?
59. Summary
Metamaterials can perform processing, functionality at the
compact scale
Metamaterials can play important roles in quantum electrodynamics
Sculpting waves using extreme scenarios can play interesting roles
Metatronic Processing Quantum MTM
One-Atom-Thick
Optical Devices
!