The Francis turbine was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by Sir James B. Francis as an improvement on the Boyden turbine. Francis was able to redesign the turbine to achieve an efficiency of 88%, significantly higher than the Boyden turbine's 65% efficiency. The Francis turbine operates using both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. It is the most commonly used water turbine today for electrical power production, powering generators with outputs ranging from 10 to 750 megawatts. The Francis turbine consists of a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube and can achieve efficiencies as high as 94%.
Experimental evaluation of a francis turbineeSAT Journals
Abstract Laboratory-Scale Francis Turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities and critical cavitation factor. A modified critical cavitation factor relation has been obtained and verified with the existing relation. Keywords: Hydro Power, Francis Turbine, Turbine Performance, Cavitation Factor
Experimental evaluation of a francis turbineeSAT Journals
Abstract Laboratory-Scale Francis Turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities and critical cavitation factor. A modified critical cavitation factor relation has been obtained and verified with the existing relation. Keywords: Hydro Power, Francis Turbine, Turbine Performance, Cavitation Factor
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Cia 3 ppt governing of hydraulic turbinesVaibhav Patil
Hydraulic turbines drive electrical generators in power plants.
The frequency of generation has to be strictly maintained at a constant value.
This means that the turbines should run at constant speed irrespective of the load or power output.
It is also possible that due to electrical tripping the turbine has to be stopped suddenly.
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Cia 3 ppt governing of hydraulic turbinesVaibhav Patil
Hydraulic turbines drive electrical generators in power plants.
The frequency of generation has to be strictly maintained at a constant value.
This means that the turbines should run at constant speed irrespective of the load or power output.
It is also possible that due to electrical tripping the turbine has to be stopped suddenly.
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A turbine (from the Latin turbo, a vortex, related to the Greek is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels.
FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONGodlistenNyari
ChatGPT 3.5
User
Francis turbine design parameters
ChatGPT
The design parameters for a Francis turbine include:
Flow rate: The amount of water flowing through the turbine.
Head: The height difference between the water source and the turbine's outlet.
Runner diameter: The size of the turbine's rotating component.
Blade angles: Angles of the blades relative to the direction of water flow.
Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power, important for maximizing energy conversion.
Speed: Rotation speed of the turbine, usually determined by the generator it's connected to.
Materials: Selection of materials for durability and performance under varying conditions.
Cavitation: Preventing the formation of cavitation bubbles to avoid damage to the turbine.
These parameters are optimized based on factors like site conditions, energy output requirements, and economic considerations.
User
Runner diameter in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The runner diameter in a Francis turbine typically ranges from a few meters to over 10 meters, depending on the specific application and design requirements. Smaller turbines may have runner diameters in the range of 1 to 3 meters, while larger turbines for hydropower plants can have diameters exceeding 10 meters. The diameter is chosen to optimize the turbine's performance based on factors such as flow rate, head, and efficiency.
User
Blade angles in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The blade angles in a Francis turbine are crucial for efficient energy conversion. There are two primary angles:
Guide vane angle: Also known as the wicket gate angle, it controls the flow of water entering the turbine. Adjusting this angle regulates the amount of water flow, optimizing turbine performance under different operating conditions.
Runner blade angle: These angles determine how efficiently the turbine extracts energy from the water flow. The runner blade angle affects the interaction between the water and the turbine blades, influencing both the turbine's power output and its efficiency.
Both angles are carefully designed and optimized to maximize the turbine's efficiency across its operating range, balancing factors such as flow velocity, pressure distribution, and hydraulic losses.
User
Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine used for generating electricity in hydroelectric power plants. It's a reaction turbine, meaning it operates by both impulse and reaction forces.
Here's how it works:
Water enters the turbine through the spiral casing and flows into the runner.
The runner consists of a series of curved blades that are shaped to efficiently capture the kinetic energy of the flowing water.
As the water flows over the curved blades, it changes direction and creates a reaction force that causes the runner to rotate.
The rotating runner is connected to a shaft, which is in turn connected to an electric generator.
As the runner rotates, it drives the generator, producing electricity.
Francis turbines are v
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ABSTRACT:- The project deals with the development of the design of low head light weight Kaplan turbine blade. To enhance it's hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing weight, shape alterations, blade angle with combination of materials Aluminium alloy, Structural steel, Titanium alloy Stainless steel. The 3D model of blade is developed using software Solid Works and Analysis of blade is done on Ansys14..
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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2. Introduction
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that
extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into
useful work.
Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems,
hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft
engines.
3. Basic Types of Turbine
Steam Turbine
Water Turbine
Wind Turbine
4. Types Based Energy Used
Impulse turbine : Only kinetic energy of water is
used to drive turbine.
Eg.Pelton Turbine
Reaction turbine : Kinetic energy as well as
Pressure energy of water is used to drive turbine.
Eg.Francis Turbine
5. Introduction
Francis turbines are the most common water
turbine in use today.
They operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters
(33 to 2,133 feet).
They are primarily used for electrical power
production.
The turbine powered generator power output
generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts
6. Sir James B. France
This turbine was invented by Sir James B.
France in Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Studying the Boyden turbine ,Francis was
able to redesign it to increase efficiency.
Boyden Turbine could achieve a 65 percent
efficiency.
So, James France redesigned this turbine
and new turbine with 88% efficiency was
invented.
This was known as ‘Francis turbine’.
8. The Invention
Studying the Boyden turbine Francis was able to redesign it
to increase efficiency.
Constructing turbines as “sideways water wheels,” Francis
was able to achieve an astounding 88 percent efficiency
rate.
After further experimenting, Francis developed the mixed
flow reaction turbine which later became an American
standard.
Twenty-two of the “Francis turbines” reside in Hoover Dam
to this day.
His work on these turbines was later published as The
Lowell Hydraulic Experiments in 1855.
12. Working
Penstock: It is a large size conduit which conveys water from the upstream to the
dam/reservoir to the turbine runner.
Spiral Casing: It constitutes a closed passage whose cross-sectional area gradually
decreases along the flow direction; area is maximum at inlet and nearly zero at exit.
Guide Vanes: These vanes direct the water on to the runner at an angle appropriate to the
design, the motion of them is given by means of hand wheel or by a governor.
Governing Mechanism: It changes the position of the guide blades/vanes to affect a
variation in water flow rate, when the load conditions on the turbine change.
Runner and Runner Blades: The driving force on the runner is both due to impulse
and reaction effect. The number of runner blades usually varies between 16 to 24.
Draft Tube: It is gradually expanding tube which discharges water, passing through the
runner to the tail race.
15. R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanesR a d i a l v i e w
runner guide vanes and stay vanes
Water from
spiral casing
Water particle
16. Guide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanes
Runner inlet
(Φ 0.870m)
Guide vane outlet for designα)
(Φ 0.913m)
Closed
Position
Max. Opening
Position
17. Operation of Guide Vanes
Guide vane at Design
Position = 12.21°
Guide vane at closed position
Guide vane at Max. open
Position = 18°
.
18. Hydraulic efficiency of Francis Hydraulic System
g
V
h
g
V
h
Losseshydraulic
g
V
h
g
V
h
hydraulic
22
22
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
19. Advantages
It is a most widely used turbine in world (about 70-
80%).
Effective use of water pressure as well as velocity.
It is American standard turbine.
Very good efficiency(80-94%).
20. Disadvantages
Cost is High.
Due to its complex design and large number of moving
parts, maintenance and repair is difficult and costly.
It is applicable to flow of medium head only.
21. Recent Advancements:
New types of designs are developed to reduce cost and
complexity of mechanism.
Modified turbine include Inline Linkless Francis
Turbine, Cross-flow Turbine,etc.
These new turbine require less space, simplified
designs, less moving parts, etc.