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6 product specifications (1)
- 1. Product Specifications Teaching materialsto accompany: Product Design and Development Chapter 6 Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.
- 2. Product Design andDevelopment Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012. Chapter Table of Contents: 1.Introduction 2.Development Processes and Organizations 3.Opportunity Identification 4.Product Planning 5.Identifying Customer Needs 6.Product Specifications 7.Concept Generation 8.Concept Selection 9.Concept Testing 10.Product Architecture 11.Industrial Design 12.Design for Environment 13.Design for Manufacturing 14.Prototyping 15.Robust Design 16.Patents and Intellectual Property 17.Product Development Economics 18.Managing Projects
- 3. Concept Development Process PerformEconomic Analysis Benchmark Competitive Products Build and Test Models and Prototypes Identify Customer Needs Establish Target Specifications Generate Product Concepts Select Product Concept(s) Set Final Specifications Plan Downstream Development Mission Statement Test Product Concept(s) Development Plan Target Specs Based on customer needs and benchmarking Final Specs Based on selected concept, feasibility, models, testing, and trade-offs
- 4. 06/18/18 4 Outline • Natureof specifications • Spec vs. specs. • Target vs. final specs. • Process for setting target specs • Process for setting final specs
- 5. 06/18/18 5 Spec vs.Specs • A spec consists of a metric, a unit, and a value • Specs has a set of specs.
- 6. 06/18/18 6 Target vs.Final Specs • Target specs: the hope and aspiration of the design (ideal and marginal) • Refined specs: trade-offs among different desired characteristics. – Intermediate specs • Final specs – It is in the project’s contract book
- 7. 06/18/18 7 Nature ofSpecifications • The reference point for functionality design and quality planning • A product assembly usually requires a hierarchy of specs, for the final product and each of its components
- 8. The Product SpecsProcess 1. Set Target Specifications – Based on customer needs and benchmarks – Develop metrics for each need – Set ideal and acceptable values 1. Refine Specifications – Based on selected concept and feasibility testing – Technical and economic modeling – Trade-offs are critical 1. Reflect on the Results and the Process – Critical for ongoing improvement
- 9. 06/18/18 9 Procedure forestablishing target specifications 1. Identify a list of metrics and measurement units that sufficiently address the needs 2. Collect the competitive benchmarking information 3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable target values for each metric (using at least, at most, between, exactly, etc.) 4. Reflect on the results and the process
- 10. 06/18/18 10 Process forsetting the final specifications 1. Develop technical models to assess technical feasibility. The input is design variable and the output is a measurement using a metric. 2. Develop a cost model of the product. 3. Refine the specifications, making tradeoffs, where necessary to form a competitive map. 4. “Flow down” the final overall specs to specs for each subsystem (component and part). 5. Reflect on the results to see Whether the product is a winner, and/or How much uncertainty there is in the technical and cost model, or Whether there is a need to develop a better technical model.
- 12. Product Specifications Example: MountainBike Suspension Fork
- 13. Start with theCustomer Needs
- 14. Metrics Exercise: Ball PointPen Customer Need: The pen writes smoothly.
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- 16. Link Metrics toNeeds
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- 19. Assign Marginal andIdeal Values
- 20. Concept Development Process PerformEconomic Analysis Benchmark Competitive Products Build and Test Models and Prototypes Identify Customer Needs Establish Target Specifications Generate Product Concepts Select Product Concept(s) Set Final Specifications Plan Downstream Development Mission Statement Test Product Concept(s) Development Plan Target Specs Based on customer needs and benchmarking Final Specs Based on selected concept, feasibility, models, testing, and trade-offs
- 21. Perceptual Mapping Exercise Chocolate Crunch Hershey’s w/Almonds Hershey’s Milk Chocolate Nestlé Crunch KitKat Opportunity?
- 24. 06/18/18 24 Specification Trade-offs . Scoreon Monster (Gs) EstimatedMfg.Cost($) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 Gunhill Head Shox Tonka Pro Rox Tahx Ti 21 Rox Tahx Quadra Maniray 2 ST Tritrack marginal values ideal values Score on Monster (Gs) Trade-off Curves for Three Concepts EstimatedManufacturingCost($)
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- 26. Quality Function Deployment (Houseof Quality) technical correlations benchmarking on needs customer needs engineering metrics target and final specs relative importance relationships between customer needs and engineering metrics
- 28. 06/18/18 28 Profit margin Where: M:profit margin P: price C: cost
- 29. 06/18/18 29 Target Cost Where: C= target cost P = price to the end user Mi = the margin at the ith stage.
- 30. 06/18/18 30 Mark up Markup= P/C - 1 Where: P: price C: cost
- 32. 06/18/18 32 Chapter 6HW Metric Exercise: Ball Point Pen Identify five possible metrics and the unit of measure for a customer need as stated below: The pen writes smoothly.