The document provides an overview of two types of turbines: the Francis turbine and the Kaplan turbine. The Francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine designed for medium head with components such as a scroll casing and guide vanes to regulate water flow, whereas the Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine suitable for low heads that can adjust both guide and runner vane angles for improved efficiency. Key characteristics, components, and operational principles of both turbines are highlighted.

1. UNIT-V
TURBINES

2. Unit-5
TURBINE

4. Classification of turbines

6. Nozzle

7. Velocity diagram

8. SPLITTER
BUCKETSORVANES
RUNNER
15

9. PELTON WHEEL
..(5)
•At

11. FRANCIS TURBINE

12. • Named after American Engineer
J.B.Francis
• It is a mixed flow reaction turbine with
medium head and medium specific speed
• Penstock
• Scroll/Spiral casing
• Speed ring/Stay ring
• Stay vanes
• Guide vanes/Wicket vane
• Runner blades
• Draft tube

13. • Water from the penstock enters the scroll casing which
completely surrounds the runner.
• Involute casing provides an even distribution of
water(constant velocity) around the circumference of the
runner.
• Stay rings directs water from scroll casing to guide vanes.
• The guide vanes
• -regulate the quantity of water supplied tothe
runner(to take care of the load variations)
• -direct water to the runner at an appropriate angle.
• The runner consists of a series of curved vanes evenly
arranged around the circumference.

14. • The difference in pressure between the inlet and
• outlet of the runner is called reaction pressure.
• Water enters the runner from the guide vanes towards the centre
radially and discharges out axially- Mixed flow turbine.
• After doing work water is discharged to the tail race through a
closed tube of gradually enlarging section called draft tube.
• As water flows through the runner the change from pressure to
kinetic energy takes place gradually.
• At the entrance to the runner only a part of energy of water is
converted into kinetic energy and substantial part remains in the
form of pressure energy.

15. FRANCIS TURBINE …3

20. KAPLAN TURBINE
• Developed by Austrian Engineer
• V. Kaplan.
• Suitable for relatively low heads and requires
large volume of water to develop large power.
• Kaplan turbine is a reaction turbine in which
water enters and leaves the runner blades
axially-Axial flow turbine

24. • The shaft of an axial flow reaction turbine is
vertical.
• The lower end of the shaft is made bigger and is
known as hub or boss.
• The runner vanes are fixed on the hub or boss.
• Kaplan turbine works on the reaction principle as
Francis turbine.
• Only difference is that water enters and leaves
the turbine axially – Axial flow turbine.
• Both the guide vane(wicket gate) angle and
runner vane angle can be adjusted which gives
rise to high efficiency.

25. KAPLAN TURBINE …1

28. GOVERNING OF PELTON WHEEL