francis turbine.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•117 views
The Francis turbine is the most commonly used water turbine today. It was invented in the 1800s by James Francis who was able to redesign an earlier Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to the earlier 65% efficiency. The Francis turbine uses both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of flowing water to drive the turbine's runner blades and convert the energy into useful work, making it highly efficient. It is primarily used to generate electricity through water power.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
6. kaplan turbine
The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
- Kaplan turbines have a runner with adjustable blades that can be governed to maintain optimal efficiency over a wide range of loads.
- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
- The runner has 3 to 8 blades maximum, fewer than the 16-24 blades of a Francis turbine, reducing frictional resistance.
- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Francis turbine
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Francis turbine
Francis turbine experiment by Eng.Mohammed (Student @ university of Babylon Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
detail study of kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was invented in 1913-1922 by Viktor Kaplan. It has adjustable blades that allow it to efficiently handle a wide variation of water flows. The Kaplan turbine is well-suited for low head sites between 2-40 meters and has efficiencies over 90%. It is an inward flow reaction turbine where the water changes pressure and gives up energy as it moves through the adjustable blades, causing the runner to spin. The Kaplan turbine's adjustable blades make it more efficient at partial loads compared to other water turbines.
Francis turbine
This document discusses different types of turbines, focusing on Francis turbines. It describes how Francis turbines work by using both kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water. Sir James Francis invented the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s by redesigning an earlier Boyden turbine to significantly increase efficiency from 65% to 88%. Francis turbines are now the most commonly used water turbine for power generation, with efficiencies between 80-94%. They can operate in heads from 10-650 meters and generate 10-750 megawatts typically. The key components of a Francis turbine installation and its working mechanism are explained.
Hydraulic Turbines
1. The document discusses various topics related to hydraulic turbines including their classification, selection, design principles of Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines, draft tubes, surge tanks, governing, unit quantities, characteristic curves, similitude analysis and cavitation.
2. Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the runner, head at the inlet, and specific speed. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines suitable for high heads while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines for lower heads.
3. The design of each turbine type involves guidelines related to jet ratio, speed ratio, velocities, discharge, power and efficiency calculations. Characteristic curves show the performance of a
Presentation - turbine
This document summarizes types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines as well as reaction turbines like Kaplan and Francis turbines. It discusses the working principles and applications of different turbine types for water, steam, gas, and wind. Advantages include clean renewable energy generation while disadvantages include noise, visual pollution, and potential environmental impacts.
Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is the most commonly used water turbine today. It was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by James Francis in 1849. He was able to redesign the existing Boyden turbine to significantly increase its efficiency from 65% to 88%.
The key components of a Francis turbine include a scroll casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Water enters the scroll casing and is directed by the guide vanes to spin the radial vanes of the runner, which is connected to a shaft to power a generator. The draft tube recaptures pressure from the water exiting the runner.
Francis turbines can operate over a wide range of heads from 10-650 meters and
Recommended
6. kaplan turbine
The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
- Kaplan turbines have a runner with adjustable blades that can be governed to maintain optimal efficiency over a wide range of loads.
- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
- The runner has 3 to 8 blades maximum, fewer than the 16-24 blades of a Francis turbine, reducing frictional resistance.
- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Francis turbine
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Francis turbine
Francis turbine experiment by Eng.Mohammed (Student @ university of Babylon Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
detail study of kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was invented in 1913-1922 by Viktor Kaplan. It has adjustable blades that allow it to efficiently handle a wide variation of water flows. The Kaplan turbine is well-suited for low head sites between 2-40 meters and has efficiencies over 90%. It is an inward flow reaction turbine where the water changes pressure and gives up energy as it moves through the adjustable blades, causing the runner to spin. The Kaplan turbine's adjustable blades make it more efficient at partial loads compared to other water turbines.
Francis turbine
This document discusses different types of turbines, focusing on Francis turbines. It describes how Francis turbines work by using both kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water. Sir James Francis invented the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s by redesigning an earlier Boyden turbine to significantly increase efficiency from 65% to 88%. Francis turbines are now the most commonly used water turbine for power generation, with efficiencies between 80-94%. They can operate in heads from 10-650 meters and generate 10-750 megawatts typically. The key components of a Francis turbine installation and its working mechanism are explained.
Hydraulic Turbines
1. The document discusses various topics related to hydraulic turbines including their classification, selection, design principles of Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines, draft tubes, surge tanks, governing, unit quantities, characteristic curves, similitude analysis and cavitation.
2. Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the runner, head at the inlet, and specific speed. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines suitable for high heads while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines for lower heads.
3. The design of each turbine type involves guidelines related to jet ratio, speed ratio, velocities, discharge, power and efficiency calculations. Characteristic curves show the performance of a
Presentation - turbine
This document summarizes types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines as well as reaction turbines like Kaplan and Francis turbines. It discusses the working principles and applications of different turbine types for water, steam, gas, and wind. Advantages include clean renewable energy generation while disadvantages include noise, visual pollution, and potential environmental impacts.
Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is the most commonly used water turbine today. It was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by James Francis in 1849. He was able to redesign the existing Boyden turbine to significantly increase its efficiency from 65% to 88%.
The key components of a Francis turbine include a scroll casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Water enters the scroll casing and is directed by the guide vanes to spin the radial vanes of the runner, which is connected to a shaft to power a generator. The draft tube recaptures pressure from the water exiting the runner.
Francis turbines can operate over a wide range of heads from 10-650 meters and
STEAM AND GAS TURBINES ppt
Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
Kaplan Turbine Details
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Governing of hydraulic turbines.
This document provides information on governing hydraulic turbines. It discusses the construction details of a Pelton turbine, including its nozzle, spear, runner with buckets, casing, and breaking jet. It also discusses specifications of Pelton turbines such as being a tangential flow turbine with high head. Two types of governing mechanisms for impulse turbines are described: needle wheel rod mechanism and deflector pin mechanism and wheel rod mechanism. The document also discusses the main parts of a Francis turbine, including its spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. It notes Francis turbines are medium head with medium specific speed and discharge.
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbine
This paper describes the design and fabrication of runner blades for cross flow turbine is presented. In this paper, the cross flow turbine's runner is designed to produce 100 W electric powers from head of 4 m and the flow rate of 0.004 m ^3 s. For the given capacity and head of the turbine, the dimensions of runner diameter and width 265 mm and 132 mm is obtained respectively. The detail design calculation of the runner is described in this thesis. It is applicable to wide range of flow rate adjusting the runner length. The term hydropower refers to shaft power generated by converting potential and kinetic energy of power. By using water power, the generation of electrical power is well known and widely used throughout the world. In hydropower plant, water turbine is one of the most important parts for generating electricity. This paper is to fulfill the required electricity in rural area. Ma Thu Zar Win | Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin "Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross-Flow Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27990.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27990/design-and-fabrication-of-runner-blades-of-cross-flow-turbine/ma-thu-zar-win
jet propulsion priciple
Jet propulsion uses the reaction from ejecting a high velocity jet of fluid or gas to propel vehicles through water or air. It works based on Newton's third law - the ejected jet provides an equal and opposite reaction force that drives the vehicle forward. Jet propulsion is used to power ships, boats, airplanes and missiles. Ships can use jet propulsion with inlet orifices facing the direction of travel or at right angles, with the efficiency depending on the velocity of the jet and ship. It works by pumping water at high pressure through the boat and ejecting it through a nozzle.
UNIT-V FMM
The document discusses hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy using an impulse turbine called a Pelton wheel. The Pelton wheel has buckets that are struck by high-speed jets of water which causes the wheel to spin and power a generator to produce hydroelectricity. The document provides details on the components of a Pelton wheel like the nozzle, runner, and buckets. It also includes diagrams of a typical hydroelectric power plant layout and formulas used in calculating efficiencies and power values.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation can be an issue.
Pelton turbine
This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. It also briefly discusses the specific speed of turbines and notes that China produces the most hydroelectric power worldwide.
Francis Turbine
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/nt9-q5SDaqk
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
Impulse turbine
This document describes the impulse turbine known as the Pelton turbine. It consists of a wheel with buckets that is struck by one or more high-velocity jets of water. The jet is produced by a nozzle that converts the potential energy of water from a reservoir into kinetic energy. As the jet strikes the buckets, it transfers momentum which spins the wheel and powers the turbine's shaft. Key components include the runner, buckets, nozzle, and casing. The document provides details on dimensions, speed ratio, jet ratio, and the number of jets used.
Lubrication System - IC Engine - Unit-III
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
Brayton cycle
George Brayton designed the first continuous combustion engine, known as the Brayton engine, in the 1860s. The Brayton engine introduced the Brayton cycle of continuous combustion that became the basis for gas turbine development. A Brayton-type engine consists of an air compressor, mixing chamber, and expander. The Brayton cycle uses four thermodynamic processes - two constant pressure and two reversible adiabatic processes - and is now used in gas turbines where compression and expansion occur via rotating machinery.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in 1849. It operates in a water head from 60 to 250 meters. Water enters the runner radially at the outer periphery and exits axially at the center. It uses both the kinetic and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. Key components include a spiral casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner blades, and a draft tube. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades to efficiently convert the hydraulic energy of water into mechanical rotation of the shaft and electrical energy via a generator. The speed of the turbine is maintained constant via a governing mechanism that controls the guide vanes.
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runner
A water turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. The generation of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper than the power generated by other sources. There are various types of turbines such as Pelton Turbine, Cross flow Turbine, and Francis Turbine which are being used in Myanmar. In this paper, one of the hydroelectric power plant which is used Vertical Francis Turbine type. The Francis turbine is one of the powerful turbine types. Francis Turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Bicheno Francis. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Thaukyegat No.2, is selected to design the runner. This Vertical Francis Turbine is designed to produce 40 MW electric powers from the head of 65 m and flow rate of 70.10m3 s. The design parameters of 40 MW Vertical Francis Turbine runner's diameter, height, elevation, shaft, numbers of blades and blade angles are calculated. The initial value of turbine output is assumed as 94 . The number of guide blades and runner blades are also assumed. The detailed design calculations of the runner are carried out. Moreover, the selection of the turbine type according to the head, the flow rate and the power are also performed. Kyi Pyar Oo | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Ei Cho Cho Theik "Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine (Runner)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26412.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26412/design-calculation-of-40-mw-francis-turbine-runner/kyi-pyar-oo
4.2 follower motion
This document discusses different types of follower motion in cam and follower mechanisms. It describes four standard types of follower motion: uniform velocity, simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration and deceleration, and cycloidal motion. It also discusses displacement, velocity, and acceleration diagrams which plot the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the follower against the angular displacement of the cam. These diagrams are used to analyze the motion of the follower in a cam and follower system. Key terms related to cam and follower mechanisms such as stroke, angular velocity, cam angle, and acceleration of the follower are also defined.
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
The document discusses the selection of turbines based on head and specific speed. It defines turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid and describes the main types as impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use velocity to move the runner while reaction turbines develop power from pressure and moving fluid. Turbines are selected based on the specific conditions like head and flow. High head turbines operate over 250m head with low flow. Francis turbines are used for medium heads from 45-250m. Kaplan turbines are suitable for low heads under 45m with high flow. Specific speed is also used to select turbines, with low specific speed turbines like Pelton used for high heads and high specific speed propeller turbines for low heads.
5. francis turbine
The document discusses the main components of a modern Francis turbine, which is an inward mixed-flow reaction turbine. It operates under medium head and requires medium water flow. The key components include the spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, draft tube, and governing mechanism. The spiral casing distributes water evenly around the guide ring. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades. The draft tube recovers kinetic energy and increases the turbine's head. Cavitation can occur when vapor bubbles form and collapse on turbine surfaces.
Fluid machines turbines
The document summarizes three types of water turbines: Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan. The Pelton turbine, invented in the 1870s, uses the impulse of moving water. The Francis turbine was developed in 1849 and extracts energy from water's pressure. The Kaplan turbine, developed in 1913, has adjustable blades and can operate at very low heads. Key differences between the turbines include their classification as impulse or reaction, orientation of shafts, number of vanes, optimal head and flow rates, specific speed, maximum efficiencies, and power outputs.
Gears and Gear Trains
1. Gears transmit power between two shafts by meshing teeth without slip. The smaller gear is called the pinion and the larger is called the gear.
2. Gears can be classified based on tooth shape and disposition, including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and transmit power between parallel shafts.
3. Involute tooth profiles satisfy the law of gearing by allowing the contact point between meshing teeth to move smoothly along a common tangent, transmitting motion efficiently. Involute profiles are commonly used in gear design.
Draft tubes merits and demerits
use of draft tubes and its need,function, working, types of draft tubes, types of flow, advantages &disadvantage
Francisturbine
The Francis turbine was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by Sir James B. Francis as an improvement on the Boyden turbine. Francis was able to redesign the turbine to achieve an efficiency of 88%, significantly higher than the Boyden turbine's 65% efficiency. The Francis turbine operates using both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. It is the most commonly used water turbine today for electrical power production, powering generators with outputs ranging from 10 to 750 megawatts. The Francis turbine consists of a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube and can achieve efficiencies as high as 94%.
Francis turbine by Mohd Tariq Sadiq
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction water turbine invented in 1848. It summarizes that Francis turbines are the most commonly used water turbine today, with an operating head of 10-650 meters. They are primarily used to generate electricity and can output 10-750 megawatts. The turbine was invented by James Francis who was able to redesign the Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to 65% previously. It describes the basic components and working of the Francis turbine.
More Related Content
What's hot
STEAM AND GAS TURBINES ppt
Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
Kaplan Turbine Details
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Governing of hydraulic turbines.
This document provides information on governing hydraulic turbines. It discusses the construction details of a Pelton turbine, including its nozzle, spear, runner with buckets, casing, and breaking jet. It also discusses specifications of Pelton turbines such as being a tangential flow turbine with high head. Two types of governing mechanisms for impulse turbines are described: needle wheel rod mechanism and deflector pin mechanism and wheel rod mechanism. The document also discusses the main parts of a Francis turbine, including its spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. It notes Francis turbines are medium head with medium specific speed and discharge.
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbine
This paper describes the design and fabrication of runner blades for cross flow turbine is presented. In this paper, the cross flow turbine's runner is designed to produce 100 W electric powers from head of 4 m and the flow rate of 0.004 m ^3 s. For the given capacity and head of the turbine, the dimensions of runner diameter and width 265 mm and 132 mm is obtained respectively. The detail design calculation of the runner is described in this thesis. It is applicable to wide range of flow rate adjusting the runner length. The term hydropower refers to shaft power generated by converting potential and kinetic energy of power. By using water power, the generation of electrical power is well known and widely used throughout the world. In hydropower plant, water turbine is one of the most important parts for generating electricity. This paper is to fulfill the required electricity in rural area. Ma Thu Zar Win | Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin "Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross-Flow Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27990.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27990/design-and-fabrication-of-runner-blades-of-cross-flow-turbine/ma-thu-zar-win
jet propulsion priciple
Jet propulsion uses the reaction from ejecting a high velocity jet of fluid or gas to propel vehicles through water or air. It works based on Newton's third law - the ejected jet provides an equal and opposite reaction force that drives the vehicle forward. Jet propulsion is used to power ships, boats, airplanes and missiles. Ships can use jet propulsion with inlet orifices facing the direction of travel or at right angles, with the efficiency depending on the velocity of the jet and ship. It works by pumping water at high pressure through the boat and ejecting it through a nozzle.
UNIT-V FMM
The document discusses hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy using an impulse turbine called a Pelton wheel. The Pelton wheel has buckets that are struck by high-speed jets of water which causes the wheel to spin and power a generator to produce hydroelectricity. The document provides details on the components of a Pelton wheel like the nozzle, runner, and buckets. It also includes diagrams of a typical hydroelectric power plant layout and formulas used in calculating efficiencies and power values.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation can be an issue.
Pelton turbine
This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. It also briefly discusses the specific speed of turbines and notes that China produces the most hydroelectric power worldwide.
Francis Turbine
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/nt9-q5SDaqk
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
Impulse turbine
This document describes the impulse turbine known as the Pelton turbine. It consists of a wheel with buckets that is struck by one or more high-velocity jets of water. The jet is produced by a nozzle that converts the potential energy of water from a reservoir into kinetic energy. As the jet strikes the buckets, it transfers momentum which spins the wheel and powers the turbine's shaft. Key components include the runner, buckets, nozzle, and casing. The document provides details on dimensions, speed ratio, jet ratio, and the number of jets used.
Lubrication System - IC Engine - Unit-III
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
Brayton cycle
George Brayton designed the first continuous combustion engine, known as the Brayton engine, in the 1860s. The Brayton engine introduced the Brayton cycle of continuous combustion that became the basis for gas turbine development. A Brayton-type engine consists of an air compressor, mixing chamber, and expander. The Brayton cycle uses four thermodynamic processes - two constant pressure and two reversible adiabatic processes - and is now used in gas turbines where compression and expansion occur via rotating machinery.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in 1849. It operates in a water head from 60 to 250 meters. Water enters the runner radially at the outer periphery and exits axially at the center. It uses both the kinetic and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. Key components include a spiral casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner blades, and a draft tube. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades to efficiently convert the hydraulic energy of water into mechanical rotation of the shaft and electrical energy via a generator. The speed of the turbine is maintained constant via a governing mechanism that controls the guide vanes.
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runner
A water turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. The generation of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper than the power generated by other sources. There are various types of turbines such as Pelton Turbine, Cross flow Turbine, and Francis Turbine which are being used in Myanmar. In this paper, one of the hydroelectric power plant which is used Vertical Francis Turbine type. The Francis turbine is one of the powerful turbine types. Francis Turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Bicheno Francis. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Thaukyegat No.2, is selected to design the runner. This Vertical Francis Turbine is designed to produce 40 MW electric powers from the head of 65 m and flow rate of 70.10m3 s. The design parameters of 40 MW Vertical Francis Turbine runner's diameter, height, elevation, shaft, numbers of blades and blade angles are calculated. The initial value of turbine output is assumed as 94 . The number of guide blades and runner blades are also assumed. The detailed design calculations of the runner are carried out. Moreover, the selection of the turbine type according to the head, the flow rate and the power are also performed. Kyi Pyar Oo | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Ei Cho Cho Theik "Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine (Runner)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26412.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26412/design-calculation-of-40-mw-francis-turbine-runner/kyi-pyar-oo
4.2 follower motion
This document discusses different types of follower motion in cam and follower mechanisms. It describes four standard types of follower motion: uniform velocity, simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration and deceleration, and cycloidal motion. It also discusses displacement, velocity, and acceleration diagrams which plot the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the follower against the angular displacement of the cam. These diagrams are used to analyze the motion of the follower in a cam and follower system. Key terms related to cam and follower mechanisms such as stroke, angular velocity, cam angle, and acceleration of the follower are also defined.
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
The document discusses the selection of turbines based on head and specific speed. It defines turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid and describes the main types as impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use velocity to move the runner while reaction turbines develop power from pressure and moving fluid. Turbines are selected based on the specific conditions like head and flow. High head turbines operate over 250m head with low flow. Francis turbines are used for medium heads from 45-250m. Kaplan turbines are suitable for low heads under 45m with high flow. Specific speed is also used to select turbines, with low specific speed turbines like Pelton used for high heads and high specific speed propeller turbines for low heads.
5. francis turbine
The document discusses the main components of a modern Francis turbine, which is an inward mixed-flow reaction turbine. It operates under medium head and requires medium water flow. The key components include the spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, draft tube, and governing mechanism. The spiral casing distributes water evenly around the guide ring. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades. The draft tube recovers kinetic energy and increases the turbine's head. Cavitation can occur when vapor bubbles form and collapse on turbine surfaces.
Fluid machines turbines
The document summarizes three types of water turbines: Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan. The Pelton turbine, invented in the 1870s, uses the impulse of moving water. The Francis turbine was developed in 1849 and extracts energy from water's pressure. The Kaplan turbine, developed in 1913, has adjustable blades and can operate at very low heads. Key differences between the turbines include their classification as impulse or reaction, orientation of shafts, number of vanes, optimal head and flow rates, specific speed, maximum efficiencies, and power outputs.
Gears and Gear Trains
1. Gears transmit power between two shafts by meshing teeth without slip. The smaller gear is called the pinion and the larger is called the gear.
2. Gears can be classified based on tooth shape and disposition, including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and transmit power between parallel shafts.
3. Involute tooth profiles satisfy the law of gearing by allowing the contact point between meshing teeth to move smoothly along a common tangent, transmitting motion efficiently. Involute profiles are commonly used in gear design.
Draft tubes merits and demerits
use of draft tubes and its need,function, working, types of draft tubes, types of flow, advantages &disadvantage
What's hot (20)
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbine
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbine
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runner
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runner
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
Similar to francis turbine.pptx
Francisturbine
The Francis turbine was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by Sir James B. Francis as an improvement on the Boyden turbine. Francis was able to redesign the turbine to achieve an efficiency of 88%, significantly higher than the Boyden turbine's 65% efficiency. The Francis turbine operates using both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. It is the most commonly used water turbine today for electrical power production, powering generators with outputs ranging from 10 to 750 megawatts. The Francis turbine consists of a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube and can achieve efficiencies as high as 94%.
Francis turbine by Mohd Tariq Sadiq
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction water turbine invented in 1848. It summarizes that Francis turbines are the most commonly used water turbine today, with an operating head of 10-650 meters. They are primarily used to generate electricity and can output 10-750 megawatts. The turbine was invented by James Francis who was able to redesign the Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to 65% previously. It describes the basic components and working of the Francis turbine.
Francis Turbine
This document describes a group project on the Francis turbine. It provides details on the group members, introduction to turbines, basic turbine types, the history and inventor of the Francis turbine, its key components and working, efficiency, advantages, applications, and recent advancements. The Francis turbine is the most commonly used water turbine today for power generation due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity through a mixed-flow design.
Hydraulic turbines1
This document provides an overview of hydraulic turbines, including their history, classification, and key types. It discusses Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines, comparing their components, working principles, efficiencies, applications, and variations. Hydraulic turbines convert the potential energy of water into rotational mechanical energy via impulse or reaction, and selection depends on factors like head, flow rate, and specific speed. Cavitation, runaway speed, and efficiencies such as hydraulic, mechanical, and overall are also defined.
Francis reaction turbine
This document provides information about the Francis reaction turbine. It describes the key components of the turbine, including the penstock, spiral casing, runner blades, guide vanes, and draft tube. It explains how the turbine works by converting the kinetic and pressure energy of water flowing through it into rotational energy to power a generator. The turbine is widely used today for power generation due to its high efficiency of around 88%. The document also discusses cavitation issues and recent design advancements aimed at reducing costs and complexity.
4PS21CS061.pdf
Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine commonly used to generate electricity. It was designed by American scientist James Francis to improve upon an earlier design by Boyden. Francis turbines can operate under heads of 10-650 meters and work by converting the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational energy of a shaft. Water enters the spiral casing and is directed by guide vanes to the high-pressure runner, which spins to generate power before exiting through a draft tube. With efficiencies up to 90%, Francis turbines are widely employed for hydroelectric power worldwide.
Hydro electric power plant
This document summarizes different types of hydroelectric power plants and turbines. It describes impulse and reaction turbines, including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It provides diagrams of hydroelectric and pump storage plants. Key concepts covered include gross and net heads, discharge, water power, brake power, efficiency, and speed. Fundamental equations for hydroelectric systems are given. Common terms are defined. Sample problems demonstrate calculations for hydroelectric plant design and performance analysis.
francis turbine
1. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
2. Francis turbines absorb energy from water through both kinetic energy and pressure as water enters radially and exits axially.
3. Key components of Francis turbines include runner blades that convert water's kinetic energy to rotational motion, and a draft tube that gradually expands to discharge water from the tailrace.
PRESENTATION ON HYDRAULIC TURBINE
1) The document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used in hydroelectric power plants, including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It describes the basic components and working principles of each turbine type.
2) Francis turbines are the most widely used turbine in hydro-power plants due to their efficiency over a wide range of heads and flow rates. Kaplan turbines are also commonly used and are efficient at low heads and high flows.
3) Hydraulic turbines convert the potential energy of falling or flowing water into rotational mechanical energy to drive electric generators and produce hydroelectric power. Proper turbine selection depends on the site conditions like water head and flow.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation issues.
Francis's turbine
A Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis and is the most common water turbine today. It is a mixed-flow reaction turbine that uses both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of flowing water to turn the turbine runner. Water enters the outer edge of the runner in a radial direction and exits axially. Key components include the runner blades, which convert the energy of flowing water into rotational motion, and the draft tube, which guides water exiting the runner back to the tailrace in an efficient manner. Francis turbines are suitable for medium and high-capacity power generation and have higher efficiency than impulse turbines.
FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION
ChatGPT 3.5
User
Francis turbine design parameters
ChatGPT
The design parameters for a Francis turbine include:
Flow rate: The amount of water flowing through the turbine.
Head: The height difference between the water source and the turbine's outlet.
Runner diameter: The size of the turbine's rotating component.
Blade angles: Angles of the blades relative to the direction of water flow.
Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power, important for maximizing energy conversion.
Speed: Rotation speed of the turbine, usually determined by the generator it's connected to.
Materials: Selection of materials for durability and performance under varying conditions.
Cavitation: Preventing the formation of cavitation bubbles to avoid damage to the turbine.
These parameters are optimized based on factors like site conditions, energy output requirements, and economic considerations.
User
Runner diameter in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The runner diameter in a Francis turbine typically ranges from a few meters to over 10 meters, depending on the specific application and design requirements. Smaller turbines may have runner diameters in the range of 1 to 3 meters, while larger turbines for hydropower plants can have diameters exceeding 10 meters. The diameter is chosen to optimize the turbine's performance based on factors such as flow rate, head, and efficiency.
User
Blade angles in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The blade angles in a Francis turbine are crucial for efficient energy conversion. There are two primary angles:
Guide vane angle: Also known as the wicket gate angle, it controls the flow of water entering the turbine. Adjusting this angle regulates the amount of water flow, optimizing turbine performance under different operating conditions.
Runner blade angle: These angles determine how efficiently the turbine extracts energy from the water flow. The runner blade angle affects the interaction between the water and the turbine blades, influencing both the turbine's power output and its efficiency.
Both angles are carefully designed and optimized to maximize the turbine's efficiency across its operating range, balancing factors such as flow velocity, pressure distribution, and hydraulic losses.
User
Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine used for generating electricity in hydroelectric power plants. It's a reaction turbine, meaning it operates by both impulse and reaction forces.
Here's how it works:
Water enters the turbine through the spiral casing and flows into the runner.
The runner consists of a series of curved blades that are shaped to efficiently capture the kinetic energy of the flowing water.
As the water flows over the curved blades, it changes direction and creates a reaction force that causes the runner to rotate.
The rotating runner is connected to a shaft, which is in turn connected to an electric generator.
As the runner rotates, it drives the generator, producing electricity.
Francis turbines are v
hydro-electricpowerplant_NPS.pdf
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the key components of hydroelectric power plants including the catchment area, reservoir, dam, waterways consisting of tunnels and penstocks, power house containing turbines and generators, and tailrace. It also describes different types of dams, turbines, classifications of hydroelectric plants based on water availability and head, and factors to consider when selecting a site for a hydroelectric power plant such as water availability, storage, head of water, distance from load center, and access. In summary, the document outlines the essential components and characteristics of hydroelectric power generation systems as well as considerations for project planning and development.
Hydraulic Turbines
This document provides information about different types of hydraulic turbines used in hydroelectric power plants. It discusses impulse turbines like the Pelton and Turgo turbines, suitable for high head applications. It also covers reaction turbines like the Francis turbine, widely used for medium heads, and the Kaplan and propeller turbines used for lower heads. The key components, operation principles, materials used, and specifications of these turbines are described.
Francis Turbine & its applications in Engineering ( By Engg.Mohammad Asim BUE...
Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They were developed by James B. Francis and are also called mixed-flow turbines as water enters radially and exits axially. Francis turbines use both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine, making them a reaction turbine. They are suitable for medium and high capacity power generation. The main components are the runner blades, which convert the energy of flowing water into rotational motion, and the draft tube, which guides water out of the turbine.
Hydraulic turbines i
This document provides information on hydraulic turbines, including their definition, history, parts, types, and classifications. It focuses on the Pelton turbine, describing its working principle and key design aspects. The Pelton turbine uses the kinetic energy of water directed through a nozzle to spin buckets on a wheel. It is well-suited for high heads. Design considerations for the Pelton wheel include the velocity of its jet and buckets, the jet deflection angle, wheel and jet diameters, bucket dimensions, and the number of jets and buckets.
Hydraulic Turbine & its Types
This document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into electrical energy. It describes the main components and operating principles of Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines use jet impacts to rotate an impulse wheel, while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines where water pressure decreases as it flows through the runner blades. Francis turbines use mixed radial-axial flow and are widely used over a range of heads. Kaplan turbines have propeller-like adjustable blades for axial flow and are best for low heads with large flows. Draft tubes and governing systems are also discussed.
4PS21CS009.pdf
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine named after British-American engineer James B Francis. It consists of main parts like a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and a draft tube. Water enters the spiral casing with high pressure and its pressure energy is converted to kinetic energy by the guide vanes before striking the runner blades, which extract energy and cause rotation. The draft tube then recovers remaining pressure and reduces water velocity before discharge. Francis turbines achieve over 95% efficiency and are commonly used in hydropower plants and irrigation pumping worldwide.
experimental analysis on francis turbine & to find out the power
This document analyzes the power and efficiency of a Francis turbine with different heads. It begins with an abstract discussing the goals of analyzing a Francis turbine's performance under varying heads. It then provides background on Francis turbines, describing their main components like the casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. The document also explains how Francis turbines work as a reaction turbine that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy. It presents observations, calculations and results from an experiment measuring the power output of a Francis turbine with a head of 15.26 meters, including its efficiency of 34%.
turbine in plant
Hydraulic turbines can be classified in several ways:
1) Based on flow path - axial flow, radial flow, or mixed flow turbines depending on whether water flows parallel, perpendicular, or with components of both to the axis of rotation.
2) Based on pressure change - impulse turbines where pressure doesn't change through the rotor, and reaction turbines where pressure changes through the rotor.
3) Based on head and specific speed - high, medium, low head turbines and low, medium, high specific speed turbines.
The document then provides details on the classification, parts, and working of Pelton and Francis turbines as examples of impulse and reaction turbines.
Similar to francis turbine.pptx (20)
FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION
FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION
Francis Turbine & its applications in Engineering ( By Engg.Mohammad Asim BUE...
Francis Turbine & its applications in Engineering ( By Engg.Mohammad Asim BUE...
experimental analysis on francis turbine & to find out the power
experimental analysis on francis turbine & to find out the power
Recently uploaded
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbiabank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
truth is high but higher still is truth full living
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Method of technical Drawing of prisms,and cylinders.
DfMAy 2024 - key insights and contributions
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Recently uploaded (20)
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
francis turbine.pptx
- 2. Introduction A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines.
- 3. Basic Types of Turbine Steam Turbine Water Turbine Wind Turbine
- 4. Types Based Energy Used Impulse turbine : Only kinetic energy of water is used to drive turbine. Eg.Pelton Turbine Reaction turbine : Kinetic energy as well as Pressure energy of water is used to drive turbine. Eg.Francis Turbine
- 5. Introduction Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters (33 to 2,133 feet). They are primarily used for electrical power production. The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts
- 6. Sir James B. France This turbine was invented by Sir James B. France in Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Studying the Boyden turbine ,Francis was able to redesign it to increase efficiency. Boyden Turbine could achieve a 65 percent efficiency. So, James France redesigned this turbine and new turbine with 88% efficiency was invented. This was known as ‘Francis turbine’.
- 8. The Invention Studying the Boyden turbine Francis was able to redesign it to increase efficiency. Constructing turbines as “sideways water wheels,” Francis was able to achieve an astounding 88 percent efficiency rate. After further experimenting, Francis developed the mixed flow reaction turbine which later became an American standard. Twenty-two of the “Francis turbines” reside in Hoover Dam to this day. His work on these turbines was later published as The Lowell Hydraulic Experiments in 1855.
- 9. X blade runner Traditional runner The Francis Runner
- 12. Working Penstock: It is a large size conduit which conveys water from the upstream to the dam/reservoir to the turbine runner. Spiral Casing: It constitutes a closed passage whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases along the flow direction; area is maximum at inlet and nearly zero at exit. Guide Vanes: These vanes direct the water on to the runner at an angle appropriate to the design, the motion of them is given by means of hand wheel or by a governor. Governing Mechanism: It changes the position of the guide blades/vanes to affect a variation in water flow rate, when the load conditions on the turbine change. Runner and Runner Blades: The driving force on the runner is both due to impulse and reaction effect. The number of runner blades usually varies between 16 to 24. Draft Tube: It is gradually expanding tube which discharges water, passing through the runner to the tail race.
- 13. Francis Turbine Power Plant : A Continuous Hydraulic System
- 14. Parts of A Francis Turbine
- 15. R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes R a d i a l v i e w runner guide vanes and stay vanes Water from spiral casing Water particle
- 16. Guide vanes Guide vanes Guide vanes Guide vanes Guide vanes Guide vanes Runner inlet (Φ 0.870m) Guide vane outlet for designα) (Φ 0.913m) Closed Position Max. Opening Position
- 17. Operation of Guide Vanes Guide vane at Design Position = 12.21° Guide vane at closed position Guide vane at Max. open Position = 18° .
- 18. Hydraulic efficiency of Francis Hydraulic System g V h g V h Losses hydraulic g V h g V h hydraulic 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1
- 19. Advantages It is a most widely used turbine in world (about 70- 80%). Effective use of water pressure as well as velocity. It is American standard turbine. Very good efficiency(80-94%).
- 20. Disadvantages Cost is High. Due to its complex design and large number of moving parts, maintenance and repair is difficult and costly. It is applicable to flow of medium head only.
- 21. Recent Advancements: New types of designs are developed to reduce cost and complexity of mechanism. Modified turbine include Inline Linkless Francis Turbine, Cross-flow Turbine,etc. These new turbine require less space, simplified designs, less moving parts, etc.