Hydraulic Ram project
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A hydraulic ram is a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower that takes in water at one pressure and flow rate and outputs it at a higher pressure but lower flow rate. It has no external energy input and can operate continuously. The components of one hydraulic ram project included a drive pipe, two check valves, an air chamber bottle, a delivery pipe, a source tank, and connectors. It was able to lift water 14 feet using a source height of only 2.75 feet, with an estimated cost of 1000-1200 taka. Hydraulic rams have benefits of using renewable energy at low cost but are limited to hilly areas and have low volumetric efficiency.
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Hydraulic ram
The document discusses the hydraulic ram pump, which uses the energy of flowing water to pump a small amount of water to a higher elevation without external power. It provides a brief history of the technology and its inventors. The key parts and types of ram pumps are identified. Common operational problems and solutions are outlined. Advantages include being powered solely by water flow, having few moving parts, and providing continual operation. Disadvantages include only pumping a small portion of water and potential sediment issues.
Hydraulic Ram Pump
A hydraulic ram, or hydram, is a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. It takes in water at one "hydraulic head" (pressure) and flow rate, and outputs water at a higher hydraulic head and lower flow rate. The device uses the water hammer effect to develop pressure that allows a portion of the input water that powers the pump to be lifted to a point higher than where the water originally started. The hydraulic ram is sometimes used in remote areas, where there is both a source of low-head hydropower and a need for pumping water to a destination higher in elevation than the source. In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it requires no outside source of power other than the kinetic energy of flowing water.
Hydraulic ram pumps
- Hydraulic ram pumps use a small fall of water to lift a fraction of the supply flow to a greater height, transferring energy from a larger flow falling through a small head to a smaller flow lifted through a higher head.
- They work through a phenomenon called water hammer, where a sudden decrease in flow pressure causes rapid pressure increases that force open delivery valves.
- An air chamber improves efficiency by allowing delivery to continue after valves close and cushions pressure shocks that could damage pump components.
Hydraulic Ram
A hydraulic ram is a simple water pump powered by hydropower that takes water at one pressure and flow rate and outputs it at a higher pressure and lower flow rate. It has two moving parts - a waste valve and delivery check valve. Water flows through an inlet drive pipe until it closes the waste valve, creating pressure to open the delivery check valve and pump some water to the outlet delivery pipe at a higher elevation than the source. The pressure vessel cushions pressure fluctuations and improves efficiency. Properly designed, a hydraulic ram can pump water with 60-80% efficiency using only the force of flowing water.
Theory and Application of Hydraulic Ram Pumps (Hydrams) - S Hazarika
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps (hydrams), which use the potential energy of falling water to lift a small portion of water to a greater height. Hydrams are simple, reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them suitable for rural water supply and irrigation where other power sources are not available. The document describes the components and design of hydram systems, including intake, drive pipe, ram, supply line, and storage tank. It provides equations and tables to design hydram systems based on water supply, fall height, lift height, and desired water delivery. The document also discusses applications and limitations of hydrams.
Full report of hydraulic ramp pump
This document discusses the design of a hydraulic ram pump to transfer water from a river into a water tank 20 meters high. It begins with an abstract and objectives stating the goal is to design a hydraulic ram pump that can fill a 1200 cubic meter water tank from a river with a flow rate of 120 cubic meters per second. It then reviews the literature on hydraulic ram pumps, discussing their history, working principles, and advantages for developing areas without access to electricity. The document explains that a hydraulic ram pump uses the kinetic energy of flowing water to pump a smaller volume of water to a higher elevation, with only two moving parts. It aims to design a suitable ram pump for the given conditions and river water source.
Hydraulic Ram Pump Mini-Project Report - Agriculture and Rural Development, A...
This document summarizes a student project report on a hydraulic ram pump. It includes sections on the acknowledgements, introduction, working principle, applications and limitations, design considerations, and conclusions. The project was guided by lecturers from the mechanical engineering department and aimed to study how hydraulic ram pumps can be used to pump water from streams or springs to higher elevations in a simple and reliable way using renewable energy. The summary highlights the key components and working cycle of ram pumps in lifting a small amount of water a great height using the energy of a larger falling water flow.
Hydraulic Ram Pumping in Rural Community Development - Rijswijk University
The document summarizes research on using hydraulic ram pumps for rural community development in South Africa. It begins by describing a project initiated in 2004 to set up a vegetable garden in Inchanga, KwaZulu Natal, which was supplied with an irrigation system based on a ram pump design. The research focused on improving the pump's performance and tuning it to changing site conditions. It then provides details on the components and operating cycle of ram pumps, presents a numerical model of pump operation, and discusses experimental testing and an implementation project in Inchanga to evaluate pump performance under various conditions.
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Hydraulic ram
The document discusses the hydraulic ram pump, which uses the energy of flowing water to pump a small amount of water to a higher elevation without external power. It provides a brief history of the technology and its inventors. The key parts and types of ram pumps are identified. Common operational problems and solutions are outlined. Advantages include being powered solely by water flow, having few moving parts, and providing continual operation. Disadvantages include only pumping a small portion of water and potential sediment issues.
Hydraulic Ram Pump
A hydraulic ram, or hydram, is a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. It takes in water at one "hydraulic head" (pressure) and flow rate, and outputs water at a higher hydraulic head and lower flow rate. The device uses the water hammer effect to develop pressure that allows a portion of the input water that powers the pump to be lifted to a point higher than where the water originally started. The hydraulic ram is sometimes used in remote areas, where there is both a source of low-head hydropower and a need for pumping water to a destination higher in elevation than the source. In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it requires no outside source of power other than the kinetic energy of flowing water.
Hydraulic ram pumps
- Hydraulic ram pumps use a small fall of water to lift a fraction of the supply flow to a greater height, transferring energy from a larger flow falling through a small head to a smaller flow lifted through a higher head.
- They work through a phenomenon called water hammer, where a sudden decrease in flow pressure causes rapid pressure increases that force open delivery valves.
- An air chamber improves efficiency by allowing delivery to continue after valves close and cushions pressure shocks that could damage pump components.
Hydraulic Ram
A hydraulic ram is a simple water pump powered by hydropower that takes water at one pressure and flow rate and outputs it at a higher pressure and lower flow rate. It has two moving parts - a waste valve and delivery check valve. Water flows through an inlet drive pipe until it closes the waste valve, creating pressure to open the delivery check valve and pump some water to the outlet delivery pipe at a higher elevation than the source. The pressure vessel cushions pressure fluctuations and improves efficiency. Properly designed, a hydraulic ram can pump water with 60-80% efficiency using only the force of flowing water.
Theory and Application of Hydraulic Ram Pumps (Hydrams) - S Hazarika
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps (hydrams), which use the potential energy of falling water to lift a small portion of water to a greater height. Hydrams are simple, reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them suitable for rural water supply and irrigation where other power sources are not available. The document describes the components and design of hydram systems, including intake, drive pipe, ram, supply line, and storage tank. It provides equations and tables to design hydram systems based on water supply, fall height, lift height, and desired water delivery. The document also discusses applications and limitations of hydrams.
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This document discusses the design of a hydraulic ram pump to transfer water from a river into a water tank 20 meters high. It begins with an abstract and objectives stating the goal is to design a hydraulic ram pump that can fill a 1200 cubic meter water tank from a river with a flow rate of 120 cubic meters per second. It then reviews the literature on hydraulic ram pumps, discussing their history, working principles, and advantages for developing areas without access to electricity. The document explains that a hydraulic ram pump uses the kinetic energy of flowing water to pump a smaller volume of water to a higher elevation, with only two moving parts. It aims to design a suitable ram pump for the given conditions and river water source.
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This document summarizes a student project report on a hydraulic ram pump. It includes sections on the acknowledgements, introduction, working principle, applications and limitations, design considerations, and conclusions. The project was guided by lecturers from the mechanical engineering department and aimed to study how hydraulic ram pumps can be used to pump water from streams or springs to higher elevations in a simple and reliable way using renewable energy. The summary highlights the key components and working cycle of ram pumps in lifting a small amount of water a great height using the energy of a larger falling water flow.
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The document summarizes research on using hydraulic ram pumps for rural community development in South Africa. It begins by describing a project initiated in 2004 to set up a vegetable garden in Inchanga, KwaZulu Natal, which was supplied with an irrigation system based on a ram pump design. The research focused on improving the pump's performance and tuning it to changing site conditions. It then provides details on the components and operating cycle of ram pumps, presents a numerical model of pump operation, and discusses experimental testing and an implementation project in Inchanga to evaluate pump performance under various conditions.
Hydraullic ram pump mini project
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on hydraulic ram pumps. It begins by defining a hydraulic ram pump as a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower that takes in water at one pressure and flow rate and outputs it at a higher pressure and lower flow rate, requiring no external power source other than flowing water. It then describes the basic components of a hydraulic ram pump as an inlet drive pipe, waste valve, outlet delivery pipe, and two check valves. The working principle is explained as water flowing through the drive pipe and forcing the waste valve closed, creating pressure to open the delivery valve and force some water up the delivery pipe to a higher elevation.
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The Basic’s of Hydraulic Ram Pumps - Rain Tree Foundation
The document provides information about hydraulic ram pumps, including their history, parts, operation, and site installation considerations. It discusses how Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first self-acting ram pump in 1796. Over time, hundreds of ram pump designs were manufactured worldwide. The document outlines the basic parts of a ram pump and how they operate using diagrams. It stresses the importance of properly surveying a site to choose the right ram pump model and configuration based on factors like available water source and needed delivery height.
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The document discusses the hydraulic ram, a self-acting water pump powered by hydropower that uses flowing water as its power source. It consists of a supply pipe, drive tank, drive pipe, ram pump, and delivery pipe. Water enters the drive pipe and forces the waste valve open, pressurizing the tank and closing the waste valve. This forces water through the delivery valve and pipe, lifting it to a higher elevation. While requiring little maintenance and using renewable energy, hydraulic rams have limitations in hilly areas and low volumetric efficiency.
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This document provides guidance on designing a hydraulic ram pump, including key factors to consider, components of the system, and examples of sizing a ram pump for a given situation. Hydraulic ram pumps use the energy of falling water to lift a portion of the water to a higher elevation, requiring only a gravity-fed water source and differences in elevation. The document explains how to calculate the expected output of a ram pump based on the water supply, elevation changes, and other specifications. It also provides tables to help select appropriate pipe sizes and determine ram pump sizing. An example design problem at the end demonstrates how to apply the guidance to size a ram pump system for a small community.
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This document discusses new developments in hydraulic ram pump technology, including trends toward simpler pump designs that are easier to install and maintain. Specifically, it describes efforts to simplify pumps by removing tuning mechanisms, replacing free air pressure vessels with contained air packets, and designing pumps that can be easily attached and removed from drive pipes. The document also discusses using new materials like plastics to lower costs, especially for small pumps with modest lift requirements, while higher lift pumps still require materials with greater stiffness like steel. Overall the trends are aimed at making ram pump systems cheaper and more accessible for applications like small-scale irrigation.
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This document provides instructions for building two types of homemade hydraulic ram pumps (HRP1-1 and HRP2-2) that can pump water without electricity. It explains how hydraulic ram pumps work by using the kinetic energy of flowing water to lift a portion of the water to a higher storage tank. The document gives details on selecting a water source, installing intake and drive pipes, constructing valves and pressure chambers, and provides illustrations of the pump's operating sequence. Proper setup and maintenance are emphasized to maximize the pump's efficiency and longevity.
How a Hydraulic Ram Pump Works - Clemson University
This document provides instructions for building a home-made hydraulic ram pump. It includes a list of required parts and fittings, assembly notes, operational details, and performance estimates. The typical cost for fittings is $120 and pumps can deliver around 1/8 of the input water flow, varying based on installation specifics like fall height and lift elevation. Tables provide suggested minimum pressure chamber sizes and typical ram pump specifications.
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Week 2 3_hydraulic_pump
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pumps, including their basic operating principles and comparisons. It provides equations to calculate pump parameters such as theoretical flow rate, volumetric displacement, efficiency, and torque. For example, it defines that positive displacement pumps capture and transfer fixed amounts of fluid, while centrifugal pumps impart velocity to fluid to create pressure. Gear pump displacement can be calculated based on gear dimensions. Pump efficiency is affected by factors like leakage and viscosity.
A Manual on the Hydraulic Ram for Pumping VVater; by S. B. Watt
The document provides instructions for building a simple hydraulic ram pump from water pipe fittings. It can pump water to heights over 100 meters using only the power of falling water. The ram works by pumping a small fraction of the water flowing through it from a supply source to a level much higher than the source. It requires a minimum 1 meter fall from the source and a flow over 5 liters per minute. The document describes how to measure water flows, supply and delivery heads, design the ram, construct it, install it, tune it, and maintain it. It aims to enable field workers to build reliable rams and understand their operation.
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Consumers guide - Delft University of Technology
This document provides a guide for consumers on hydraulic rams for water supply. It discusses appropriate water supply options and explains that hydraulic rams can provide water supply in areas with sufficient water flow and elevation change. The document describes the components and basic requirements of a hydraulic ram system, including adequate water source flow, supply head, and delivery head. It also covers site selection factors and installation/maintenance considerations. Appendices provide additional details on hydraulic ram operation, testing results, examples, manufacturer addresses.
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This document discusses the design and construction of a hydraulic ram pump. It begins with an introduction to hydraulic ram pumps and their history. It then describes the design process, providing equations to calculate key parameters like pipe diameter, flow rate, head losses, and efficiency. The results of running these calculations for a sample pump are presented. Finally, the document explains the pump's operating cycle and installation process, and includes diagrams of the fabricated pump system.
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Compendium In Hydraulic Ram-Pumps
The document provides instructions for how to construct a hydraulic ram pump without welding. It begins with an overview of what a hydraulic ram pump is and how it works. It then details how the author was able to modify plans from a VITA book to create a ram pump that does not require welding. The main body of the document provides diagrams and explanations of the various components of the ram pump and how they function together. It explains the cycle of how water powers the pump, as well as considerations for installation and typical flows. The document concludes by listing specifics for how to construct the ram pump based on the diagrams and instructions provided.
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Ram Pump - Installation Manual
Ram Pump - Installation Manual
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
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http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Pump pipeline
Pumps are used to move liquids through piping systems and raise their pressure by applying energy transformations. There are three main reasons for raising liquid pressure: overcoming static elevation changes, friction losses, and meeting process pressure requirements. Pumps are classified as either kinetic (centrifugal) or positive displacement depending on how energy is added to the liquid. Proper pump selection depends on factors like flow rate and viscosity. Cavitation can occur if the net positive suction head (NPSH) available falls below what is required by the pump.
Jet pump
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Proceedings of a Workshop on Hydraulic Ram Pump Technology - International De...
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Hydraulic Ram Pump ~ Centre for Rural Technology
Hydraulic Ram Pump ~ Centre for Rural Technology
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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The document summarizes a seminar presentation on hydraulic ram pumps. It begins by defining a hydraulic ram pump as a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower that takes in water at one pressure and flow rate and outputs it at a higher pressure and lower flow rate, requiring no external power source other than flowing water. It then describes the basic components of a hydraulic ram pump as an inlet drive pipe, waste valve, outlet delivery pipe, and two check valves. The working principle is explained as water flowing through the drive pipe and forcing the waste valve closed, creating pressure to open the delivery valve and force some water up the delivery pipe to a higher elevation.
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This document provides information and diagrams about locally fabricated hydraulic ram pumps. It discusses the basic parts and principles of how ram pumps work, including the drive head, delivery head, impulse valve, delivery valve, and air vessel. It also provides tips on construction, such as using galvanized pipe for the drive pipe, making flapper-style delivery valves, and drilling snifter holes to replenish air in the system. Maintenance considerations like cleaning out sediment buildup over time are also covered.
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The document provides information about hydraulic ram pumps, including their history, parts, operation, and site installation considerations. It discusses how Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first self-acting ram pump in 1796. Over time, hundreds of ram pump designs were manufactured worldwide. The document outlines the basic parts of a ram pump and how they operate using diagrams. It stresses the importance of properly surveying a site to choose the right ram pump model and configuration based on factors like available water source and needed delivery height.
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The document discusses the hydraulic ram, a self-acting water pump powered by hydropower that uses flowing water as its power source. It consists of a supply pipe, drive tank, drive pipe, ram pump, and delivery pipe. Water enters the drive pipe and forces the waste valve open, pressurizing the tank and closing the waste valve. This forces water through the delivery valve and pipe, lifting it to a higher elevation. While requiring little maintenance and using renewable energy, hydraulic rams have limitations in hilly areas and low volumetric efficiency.
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This document provides guidance on designing a hydraulic ram pump, including key factors to consider, components of the system, and examples of sizing a ram pump for a given situation. Hydraulic ram pumps use the energy of falling water to lift a portion of the water to a higher elevation, requiring only a gravity-fed water source and differences in elevation. The document explains how to calculate the expected output of a ram pump based on the water supply, elevation changes, and other specifications. It also provides tables to help select appropriate pipe sizes and determine ram pump sizing. An example design problem at the end demonstrates how to apply the guidance to size a ram pump system for a small community.
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This document discusses different types of hydraulic pumps, including their basic operating principles and comparisons. It provides equations to calculate pump parameters such as theoretical flow rate, volumetric displacement, efficiency, and torque. For example, it defines that positive displacement pumps capture and transfer fixed amounts of fluid, while centrifugal pumps impart velocity to fluid to create pressure. Gear pump displacement can be calculated based on gear dimensions. Pump efficiency is affected by factors like leakage and viscosity.
A Manual on the Hydraulic Ram for Pumping VVater; by S. B. Watt
The document provides instructions for building a simple hydraulic ram pump from water pipe fittings. It can pump water to heights over 100 meters using only the power of falling water. The ram works by pumping a small fraction of the water flowing through it from a supply source to a level much higher than the source. It requires a minimum 1 meter fall from the source and a flow over 5 liters per minute. The document describes how to measure water flows, supply and delivery heads, design the ram, construct it, install it, tune it, and maintain it. It aims to enable field workers to build reliable rams and understand their operation.
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Consumers guide - Delft University of Technology
This document provides a guide for consumers on hydraulic rams for water supply. It discusses appropriate water supply options and explains that hydraulic rams can provide water supply in areas with sufficient water flow and elevation change. The document describes the components and basic requirements of a hydraulic ram system, including adequate water source flow, supply head, and delivery head. It also covers site selection factors and installation/maintenance considerations. Appendices provide additional details on hydraulic ram operation, testing results, examples, manufacturer addresses.
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Centrifugal pump
The document discusses centrifugal pumps. It describes how centrifugal pumps work by converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy using centrifugal force. They work on the principle of forced vortex flow. Key components include an impeller that rotates and accelerates the fluid outward, and a casing that captures the fluid and converts its kinetic energy to pressure. Centrifugal pumps are used to pump liquids like water, sewage, petroleum and more. Performance curves are used to predict pump behavior under different operating conditions.
Compendium In Hydraulic Ram-Pumps
The document provides instructions for how to construct a hydraulic ram pump without welding. It begins with an overview of what a hydraulic ram pump is and how it works. It then details how the author was able to modify plans from a VITA book to create a ram pump that does not require welding. The main body of the document provides diagrams and explanations of the various components of the ram pump and how they function together. It explains the cycle of how water powers the pump, as well as considerations for installation and typical flows. The document concludes by listing specifics for how to construct the ram pump based on the diagrams and instructions provided.
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The document discusses the design and components of hydraulic ram pumps. It provides formulas and tables to help calculate the appropriate size and specifications of a ram pump based on factors like the water supply available, the lift height required, and amount of water needed. An example calculation is also included to demonstrate how to size a ram pump to provide water to a village using the given design considerations and constraints.
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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How a Hydraulic Ram Pump Works - Clemson University
A Manual on the Hydraulic Ram for Pumping VVater; by S. B. Watt
A Manual on the Hydraulic Ram for Pumping VVater; by S. B. Watt
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Consumers guide - Delft University of Technology
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Consumers guide - Delft University of Technology
Design and Construction of a Hydraulic Ram Pump; by Shuaibu Ndache MOHAMMED
Design and Construction of a Hydraulic Ram Pump; by Shuaibu Ndache MOHAMMED
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This document provides an overview of hydraulic ram pump (hydram) technology. It begins with a brief introduction of hydrams as a renewable energy technology for rural water supply. The operating principles of hydrams are then outlined, noting that they use the sudden stoppage of flowing water in a pipe to create a high pressure surge. A short history of hydram development and current usage is presented. The main operating characteristics of hydrams are described. The document concludes by mentioning present and future research on hydram technology.
Hydraulic Ram Pump ~ Centre for Rural Technology
Hydraulic Ram Pump ~ Centre for Rural Technology
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For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
HYDRAULIC RAM
The document discusses the hydraulic ram, which uses the energy of falling water to pump a small volume of water to a higher elevation. It defines the hydraulic ram as a self-acting device that uses the energy of a large volume of water falling from a higher location to lift a small volume significantly higher. It then describes the key characteristics of a hydraulic ram system and provides a brief history of its invention and use. Finally, it outlines the typical modern components of a hydraulic ram water-lifting system and discusses renewed interest in its use.
1408285
This document discusses ultrasonic machining. It begins by defining ultrasonic machining as a process that uses a vibrating tool at ultrasonic frequencies along with an abrasive slurry to machine materials. It then describes the main parts of an ultrasonic machining system and provides an overview of how the process works. The document outlines some key advantages of ultrasonic machining, such as its ability to machine hard, brittle materials without generating significant heat, and lists some disadvantages like low material removal rates. Finally, it provides several examples of applications for ultrasonic machining in industries like dentistry, electronics, and aerospace.
Fluid power Engineering (Fluid coupling)
1) The document discusses hydraulic couplings, which transmit power between two shafts without a direct mechanical connection using an oil-based fluid. It describes the construction of a hydraulic coupling using a pump impeller on the driving shaft and turbine runner on the driven shaft within a housing filled with fluid.
2) The document outlines the working principle of how rotation of the pump impeller by the driving shaft moves fluid to rotate the turbine runner and driven shaft. Key characteristics are also summarized, such as centrifugal loading, slippage between input and output speeds, soft starting and clutching, and rising torque capability.
3) A variety of industrial applications are listed where hydraulic couplings are useful due to requirements for variable speed, soft starts
Gas insulated sub station 2
This document provides an overview of the typical components found in a gas insulated substation (GIS), including: enclosures made of aluminum alloy; conductors made of aluminum alloy; SF6 gas used for insulation and sealing; insulators that act as gas barriers; SF6 accessories like density sensors, valves, and pressure relief; circuit breakers; disconnectors; earthing switches; current and voltage transformers; and surge arresters. It also mentions gas insulated lines/bus and references further topics like GIS construction, maintenance, and its role in electric grid applications.
basic of Hydraulic crane
Hydraulic cranes use hydraulic power to lift and lower heavy loads. They consist of a vertical post with a jib and tie attached. A hydraulic jigger contains a movable ram inside a fixed cylinder. Pressurized water forces the ram to move, increasing the distance between pulley blocks and lifting the load via a wire rope. To lower loads, water is released from the cylinder, allowing the ram to move in the opposite direction and decreasing the distance between pulley blocks. Hydraulic cranes are widely used for loading and unloading ships, warehouses, workshops, and heavy industries.
Hydraulics actuation system
The document provides an overview of hydraulics actuation systems used in heavy machinery. It discusses how fluid power works through Pascal's law and hydraulic leverage to amplify force. Key components of hydraulic systems are described, including reservoirs, filters, pumps, motors, accumulators, cylinders, and control valves. Common applications like earthmoving equipment, presses, and rollercoasters are highlighted. Diagrams illustrate the configuration and flow of components in hydraulic circuits.
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This document provides an overview of various hydraulic machines, including accumulators, intensifiers, presses, cranes, lifts, rams, couplings, torque converters, air lift pumps, and jet pumps. It describes the basic construction and working principles of each machine. For examples like accumulators, presses, cranes, and lifts, it provides illustrations and explanations of how they work to lift or move heavy loads using fluid power. The document aims to introduce these common hydraulic devices and their functions.
Hydropowerplantppt 161122123345
This document presents information about hydroelectric power plants in India. It discusses the key components of hydroelectric plants including dams, reservoirs, turbines, generators, and penstocks. It explains how the potential energy of stored water is converted to kinetic energy and then electrical energy. The document notes that hydroelectric power provides 30% of the world's energy and discusses the first hydroelectric plants constructed in India in the early 1900s. It outlines the advantages of hydroelectric power in being renewable with low operating costs but also notes disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
Hydro power plant
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
Miscellaneous Hydraulic Machines
The document discusses several hydraulic machines:
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2. A hydraulic press uses hydraulics to multiply a small input force and lift or compress large loads. It works by transmitting pressure through an incompressible fluid according to Pascal's law.
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Water Lifts and Pumps
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps and solar photovoltaic technology. It provides details on:
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2) An overview of solar photovoltaic cell technology, explaining how solar cells convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials like silicon.
3) Key components of solar photovoltaic systems and considerations for commercialization and applications, including the environmental impacts and payback times of solar systems.
water supply
The document discusses various types of pumps used in water supply systems including centrifugal pumps. It describes the key components of centrifugal pumps such as the casing, impeller, suction and delivery pipes. It explains how centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to increase water pressure. The document also discusses other topics like selecting an appropriate pump based on factors like capacity and head, priming pumps, and appurtenances used in water distribution systems including valves, fire hydrants and water meters.
Description about working with sketches of: Reciprocating pump, Centrifugal...
Hydraulic turbines and pumps are used to convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy of rotation. There are two main types of hydraulic turbines - impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines only convert water's kinetic energy while reaction turbines convert both kinetic and pressure energy. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines include Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines. Hydraulic pumps are used to move fluids and increase their pressure. The two main types are positive displacement pumps like reciprocating pumps, and rotodynamic or centrifugal pumps. Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers while centrifugal pumps use an impeller to impart centrifugal force on water.
Hydraulics and Pneumatic Systems HPS.pptx
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses various pumps and turbines used in hydraulics like centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, and turbines like Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the basic components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems like reservoirs, pumps, valves, filters, seals, pipes, and actuators. Additionally, it compares hydraulic and pneumatic systems, discusses properties of hydraulic oil and different types of seals used. The document is a study material for a 4th semester mechanical engineering student covering important concepts in hydraulics and pneumatics.
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A module was developed on “Application of Fluid Mechanics in Agriculture” for undergraduate students to get a practical knowledge of Fluid Mechanics. The work was guided by Dr Sachin Mandavgane. The presentation talks about the various aspects of agriculture where fluid mechanics is applicable like types of the pump and the various types of fittings used. It also differentiates between the fluid flow in a pipe with that of an open channel. In the end, it describes the application of fluid mechanics in drip irrigation and with a short numerical which calculates the head loss.
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This document discusses the components and working principle of a hydro power plant. It describes the key parts of a hydro plant including the reservoir, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailrace. The document also covers the advantages of hydro power in being renewable and having low operating costs, and the disadvantages which include high initial costs and requiring suitable land. It provides details on selecting appropriate sites for hydro plants based on water availability, storage, head, geology, and access.
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This document outlines various hydraulic devices: hydraulic couplings transfer power between shafts using oil; torque converters multiply torque using guide vanes; hydraulic rams use water hammer to pump water to higher elevations; accumulators store hydraulic fluid under pressure to smooth demand; and jacks lift heavy objects using hydraulic force.
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2. President Kalam's message emphasizes achieving energy independence for India by 2030 through increasing renewable energy sources like solar power from 5% to 25% of total power generation.
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Small Hydro Power System_Tidal_Ocean Energy.pptx
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Water distribution system
This document discusses the design of a water distribution system for a small village located 200 meters above a nearby river. It describes using a centrifugal pump to pump water from the river to an elevated storage tank, and then a second pump to distribute the water from the tank to the 6 houses in the village. Calculations are shown using a water distribution software to size the pipes and pumps based on the village layout and daily water demand of 18,000 liters.
Hydel lecture-2
This document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used in hydroelectric power plants. It describes how impulse turbines like Pelton wheels use jet water to drive the turbine, while reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan turbines use both pressure and velocity of water filling the runner casing. It provides details on Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbine designs and applications based on specific speed. For a case study river with 80m head and 400L/s flow, the document recommends using a Francis turbine instead of a single Pelton wheel, since the specific speed calculated is outside the typical Pelton wheel range.
An Experimental Prototype for Low Head Small Hydro Power Generation Using Hydram
An Experimental Prototype for Low Head Small Hydro Power Generation Using HydramSchool Vegetable Gardening - Victory Gardens
An Experimental Prototype for Low Head Small Hydro Power Generation Using Hydram - University of Nairobi
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~Resiprocating pump
Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps suitable for high heads and low flows. They deliver a pulsed flow that can be smoothed out with accumulators. A reciprocating pump consists of a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth, driven by a crankshaft, to draw fluid in through a suction valve and push it out a discharge valve. They are more suitable than centrifugal pumps for high heads, small discharges, and viscous liquids, but require more maintenance due to moving parts. Common applications include oil and gas production, pipelines, refineries, and chemical processing where high pressures are needed.
Pumps, a prime mover, pumping system layout.ppt
This document discusses various types of pumps used to lift liquids from lower levels to higher levels. It begins with an overview of pumps in general, then discusses positive displacement pumps like reciprocating pumps. It describes the basic components and operating principles of centrifugal pumps like single-stage, multi-stage, and their casings. It also briefly covers other pumps like axial flow pumps, jet pumps, and valves used in pumping systems. The document provides detailed information on the classification and working of different types of pumps.
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Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
一比一原版美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
一比一原版（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Republic of Ethiopia EPA (2003) Ambient Environment Standards for Ethiopia.pdf
Republic of Ethiopia EPA (2003) Ambient Environment Standards for Ethiopia.pdf
原版制作(UPSaclay毕业证书)巴黎萨克雷大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(UPSaclay毕业证书)巴黎萨克雷大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
挂科购买【(UAL毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证】【176555708微信号】留学假毕业证成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Hydraulic Ram project
- 1. A Project on Hydraulic Ram
- 2. What is Hydraulic Ram ? •A hydraulic ram is a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. • It takes in water at one "hydraulic head" (pressure) and flow rate, and outputs water at a higher hydraulic head and lower flow rate. •it functions as a hydraulic transformer that takes in water at one.
- 3. Characteristics of Hydraulic Ram • No other external energy input . • Its operation will continue 24 hours a day. • Only a small portion of water will pump up.
- 4. Components used in this Ram Parts of Hydraulic Ram
- 5. Components used in this Ram What we used in this Hydraulic ram • a ¾” diameter and 10’ long pipe as a Drive pipe or inlet . • Two check valve, one is used as a delivery check valve and other is used as a waste valve. • A bottle used as a air chamber . • A ¼” diameter and 20’ long pipe as a delivery pipe or outlet. • A tank of 2.75’ height as a Source. • Some reducers, nipples, Teflon tapes etc. used to connect the valves, pipes etc.
- 6. A Sample of our Hydraulic Ram
- 9. E= mgh
- 10. Waste !!!!! At source, Es= mgh =10* 10*10 ( if Q = 10 lps then we can say flow will be m= 10 kg per second ) = 1000 j We can write this equation by , Er = 1000 j. =1* 10*100 =mgh. So , 10-1 = 9 litre will be waste by waste valve in one second.
- 11. L/F ratio & Efficiency
- 12. Result For 2.75 feet water elevation from source ,the elevation on reservoir is about 14 feet.
- 13. Estimated Cost Approx. 1000-1200 tk.
- 14. Application & Limitations of hydraulic Ram Pump • Use of a renewable energy source ensuring low running cost. • Little environmental impact. • Low maintenance environment. Limitations • Limited in hilly areas • Volumatric efficiency is very low.
- 15. Submitted By • 2014333001 • 2014333002 • 2014333004 • 2014333006 • 2014333007 • 2014333008 • 2014333010 • 2014333012 • 2014333015 • 2014333018 • 2014333024 • 2014333026 • 2011333014 • 2011333029
- 16. Thank You