Fragile Ecosystem
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It tells about the causes and Impacts of fragile ecosystem, and what should be done to evade the problem.
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Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city K...
This document summarizes a study on seismic vulnerability and risk assessment in Kathmandu, Nepal. It provides background on Nepal's geography, history of earthquakes, and seismic hazard. It then describes the procedure used for seismic risk assessment, which involves modeling seismic hazard, vulnerability of building types, and potential damage and losses. Maps are shown of seismic hazard zones, building inventory, and expected economic losses. The study finds the highest seismic hazard in western and eastern Nepal, and estimates rates of building collapse for different construction types in a recurrence of a 1934 earthquake scenario.
Flood management
Flooding is caused by high rainfall that overwhelms the land's ability to drain water effectively, especially when the ground is saturated. Flooding often leads to water pollution and health issues. Flood control aims to prevent or reduce flood damage through various structural measures like dams, embankments, channel improvements and river diversions, as well as non-structural measures like forecasting, zoning, fighting, proofing and insurance. Recent major floods in India have displaced over 2 million people in Bihar in 2008 and affected 28 million across India, Bangladesh and Nepal in 2007.
Disaster vulnerability, risk and capacity
Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.
Coping Capacity is the ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
Flood Management
This document discusses various methods of flood management and alleviation. It begins by defining floods and describing the major causes of flooding such as heavy rainfall, topography of the catchment area, sedimentation, and obstructions in the river flow. It then categorizes the rivers of India into four regions - Brahmaputra, Ganga, North-West, and Central India Deccan - based on their flood characteristics. The document outlines both structural measures like storage reservoirs, embankments, channel improvement works, and diversion works as well as non-structural measures to control and reduce flood damage.
Landslide disaster management
The document discusses landslide disaster management. It defines landslides and their causes such as changes in slope, load, water content, etc. It identifies landslide hazard areas as those with slopes over 15%, a history of landslides, or erosion. The document outlines the disaster management cycle and approaches to both pre-disaster studies like hazard mapping and post-disaster studies such as damage assessments and stabilization efforts. It recommends various risk reduction measures for land use planning, infrastructure development, and stabilization.
Flood management m4
1. Flooding in India is primarily caused by heavy rainfall during the monsoon season from June to October, which exceeds the capacity of rivers to contain the flows.
2. Structural flood mitigation measures include embankments, levees, flood walls, channel improvements, and diversion works to contain flood waters. Non-structural measures include flood plain zoning, forecasting, and proofing.
3. Flood damage analysis considers both tangible losses that can be estimated monetarily, such as property and crops, as well as intangible losses which are more difficult to value, like loss of life, health impacts, and social effects.
Frequency of natural disaster globally
The document discusses trends in natural disasters globally. It notes that the frequency of natural disasters, especially climate-related events like floods and storms, has been increasing worldwide over the past few decades. Asia experiences the highest number of disasters, with over 2,700 events from 1994-2013 affecting over 3.8 billion people and causing over 800,000 deaths. Within Asia, Southern, Eastern, and Southeastern regions are most commonly impacted. The top five countries with the most frequent disasters are China, the United States, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Most disaster deaths in 2016 occurred in low or lower-middle income countries.
NATURAL, MAN DISASTER
Man-made disasters can result from technological or human-caused hazards such as industrial accidents, fires, transport accidents, terrorism, and more. Examples of man-made disasters discussed in the document include the AMRI Hospital fire in Kolkata, a building collapse in Delhi, train derailments in Madhya Pradesh, and riots in Bangalore. Natural disasters arise from natural earth processes and can cause damage and economic losses. Types described are avalanches, earthquakes, sinkholes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis along with examples of each.
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Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city K...
This document summarizes a study on seismic vulnerability and risk assessment in Kathmandu, Nepal. It provides background on Nepal's geography, history of earthquakes, and seismic hazard. It then describes the procedure used for seismic risk assessment, which involves modeling seismic hazard, vulnerability of building types, and potential damage and losses. Maps are shown of seismic hazard zones, building inventory, and expected economic losses. The study finds the highest seismic hazard in western and eastern Nepal, and estimates rates of building collapse for different construction types in a recurrence of a 1934 earthquake scenario.
Flood management
Flooding is caused by high rainfall that overwhelms the land's ability to drain water effectively, especially when the ground is saturated. Flooding often leads to water pollution and health issues. Flood control aims to prevent or reduce flood damage through various structural measures like dams, embankments, channel improvements and river diversions, as well as non-structural measures like forecasting, zoning, fighting, proofing and insurance. Recent major floods in India have displaced over 2 million people in Bihar in 2008 and affected 28 million across India, Bangladesh and Nepal in 2007.
Disaster vulnerability, risk and capacity
Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.
Coping Capacity is the ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
Flood Management
This document discusses various methods of flood management and alleviation. It begins by defining floods and describing the major causes of flooding such as heavy rainfall, topography of the catchment area, sedimentation, and obstructions in the river flow. It then categorizes the rivers of India into four regions - Brahmaputra, Ganga, North-West, and Central India Deccan - based on their flood characteristics. The document outlines both structural measures like storage reservoirs, embankments, channel improvement works, and diversion works as well as non-structural measures to control and reduce flood damage.
Landslide disaster management
The document discusses landslide disaster management. It defines landslides and their causes such as changes in slope, load, water content, etc. It identifies landslide hazard areas as those with slopes over 15%, a history of landslides, or erosion. The document outlines the disaster management cycle and approaches to both pre-disaster studies like hazard mapping and post-disaster studies such as damage assessments and stabilization efforts. It recommends various risk reduction measures for land use planning, infrastructure development, and stabilization.
Flood management m4
1. Flooding in India is primarily caused by heavy rainfall during the monsoon season from June to October, which exceeds the capacity of rivers to contain the flows.
2. Structural flood mitigation measures include embankments, levees, flood walls, channel improvements, and diversion works to contain flood waters. Non-structural measures include flood plain zoning, forecasting, and proofing.
3. Flood damage analysis considers both tangible losses that can be estimated monetarily, such as property and crops, as well as intangible losses which are more difficult to value, like loss of life, health impacts, and social effects.
Frequency of natural disaster globally
The document discusses trends in natural disasters globally. It notes that the frequency of natural disasters, especially climate-related events like floods and storms, has been increasing worldwide over the past few decades. Asia experiences the highest number of disasters, with over 2,700 events from 1994-2013 affecting over 3.8 billion people and causing over 800,000 deaths. Within Asia, Southern, Eastern, and Southeastern regions are most commonly impacted. The top five countries with the most frequent disasters are China, the United States, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Most disaster deaths in 2016 occurred in low or lower-middle income countries.
NATURAL, MAN DISASTER
Man-made disasters can result from technological or human-caused hazards such as industrial accidents, fires, transport accidents, terrorism, and more. Examples of man-made disasters discussed in the document include the AMRI Hospital fire in Kolkata, a building collapse in Delhi, train derailments in Madhya Pradesh, and riots in Bangalore. Natural disasters arise from natural earth processes and can cause damage and economic losses. Types described are avalanches, earthquakes, sinkholes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis along with examples of each.
types of flood & flood mitigation/management techniques - damages
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources Projects
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources ProjectsNational Institute of Technology Hamirpur
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case studyFloods causes & impacts
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
Man made disasters
Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
floods
Floods can occur when heavy rainfall or snowmelt causes river channels or low-lying areas to become submerged. They are the most common natural disaster worldwide and can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization. Major river basins in India that experience frequent flooding include the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and rivers in peninsular and northwestern regions. Floods can damage property, infrastructure, and agriculture, while also increasing health risks. Mitigation strategies aim to reduce vulnerability through mapping of flood-prone areas, land use controls, engineered structures, and flood management programs.
Landslide
This document discusses landslides, including their causes, types, effects, indicators, prevention, and safety measures. It defines landslides as the downward movement of soil, rock, and vegetation under gravity. Key points include that landslides occur when resisting forces are less than driving forces, and can be triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, erosion, deforestation, and human activities like excavation. The document outlines common landslide types and describes their impacts, such as damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and secondary hazards like flooding. It provides guidance on landslide hazard mapping, mitigation strategies, and safety precautions during landslide events.
Landslides
A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope, which can be caused by geological, morphological, physical, or anthropogenic factors. Major types of landslides include debris flows, earth flows, debris avalanches, rock falls, and topples. Landslides frequently occur in Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and northeastern Sylhet in Bangladesh due to the unstable soil structure. Mitigation approaches include restricting development in prone areas, monitoring systems, and engineering investigations to define hazard levels.
Floods
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Disaster, types, classification, Disaster management
This dissertation submitted by Ashish Rawat for his M.Sc. 4th semester in 2015-16 at Govt. P.G. College Rishikesh focuses on disaster management. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking those who guided the work. The introduction defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, risk. It discusses India's susceptibility to different natural hazards. The document then covers classification of disasters, characteristics of disasters, phases of disaster management and focuses on earthquake hazards with details on measurement, zones, management, and India's disaster profile.
Disaster management ppt
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Causes of flooding
This document discusses river basin management and flooding. It provides reasons for managing river basins, including for irrigation, water supply, navigation, tourism, hydroelectricity, and flood prevention. It then focuses on flooding, discussing both physical and human causes. It also discusses strategies for flood management, including hard engineering approaches like dams and levees, as well as softer approaches like land use regulation, warning systems, and insurance. Specific examples from the Tees Valley, Bangladesh, and Vaiont Dam disaster in Italy are also summarized.
Role & Importance of Finance in Disaster Management
This document discusses the role and importance of finance in disaster management. It begins with definitions of key terms like disaster, disaster management, and the disaster management cycle. It then outlines the importance of disaster risk finance, highlighting challenges such as a lack of data and political will. Mechanisms for financing disaster risk are described, including the Hyogo Framework for Action. Finally, stakeholders in disaster risk reduction and sources of financing are presented.
The role of land use planning in the disaster risk reduction
Mehdi NOJAVAN1, Alireza SADEGHIAN1, Mahsa MOHAJERAN2, Abdollah SOBANI3
1university of Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2university of Birjand, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 3Department of Hydraulic Engineering, K.N. University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran
Hazards & Types Of Disasters
The document defines different types of hazards and disasters. It discusses natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, storms, mudslides, avalanches, droughts, and wildfires. It also covers technological disasters, environmental disasters, and complex disasters involving terrorism, civil unrest, and refugee problems. The document provides descriptions and examples of each type of hazard and disaster.
Methods of flood control
The document discusses methods for flood control, including controlling water levels through dams and check dams, building barriers like levees and flood walls, altering river channels by straightening or widening them, controlling land use around rivers, and using floodways. It provides details on reservoirs, levees, and floodways as specific flood control techniques. Levees are described as earthen embankments built between rivers and protected areas to restrict flood water flow, with considerations for their height and freeboard. The Mississippi River levee system is highlighted as one of the largest in the world.
Disaster management By vivek bhatt
India is vulnerable to both natural and human-induced disasters. Natural disasters that commonly occur in India include floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, and droughts. These disasters can be categorized as slow-onset like droughts or rapid-onset like earthquakes. They cause widespread damage and disruption. India has developed systems for disaster management but remains at risk given factors like its large population, urbanization, and effects of climate change. The economically weak face greater vulnerabilities during disasters. After disasters, rehabilitation and reconstruction aim to restore affected communities while encouraging necessary adjustments. Various agencies in India are responsible for managing different types of disasters.
Flood risk assessment and management
This document discusses flood risk assessment and management. It begins by providing statistics on flood risk globally and in Europe and Italy to demonstrate the significant impacts of flooding. It then defines flooding and different types of floods. The key concepts of risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are introduced. Methods for assessing flood risk are described, including quantifying direct, indirect, and intangible damages through approaches like depth-damage curves, percentages of direct damages, and field surveys. Challenges in assessing indirect and intangible damages are also outlined. The document provides an example of applying these concepts to assess risk in the Valmalenco region of Italy.
Socio economic impacts of natural disasters
Natural disasters have significant socio-economic impacts that vary depending on whether they occur in a less economically developed country (LEDC) or more economically developed country (MEDC). In LEDCs, disasters can have more severe consequences due to factors like lower GDP, weaker infrastructure, lack of resources, and unstable governments. This hinders recovery efforts. Major international aid organizations like the UN and Red Cross provide relief in disasters worldwide, but their assistance is also more crucial in LEDCs with limited response capacities. The wealth and development level of a nation therefore influences the scale of damage and recovery from natural hazards.
MICRO-ZONING AND RISK MAPPING FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
This document discusses disaster risk assessment and micro-zoning for preparedness. It defines key terms like risk, vulnerability, mitigation and preparedness. It describes how mitigation includes long-term measures to reduce risk, while preparedness consists of short-term activities. The document outlines the process of risk mapping, which involves combining hazard, exposure and vulnerability maps. It discusses approaches for mapping event intensity, exposure, and risk, as well as challenges in seismic hazard evaluation.
Reconstruction and development
The document outlines concepts related to reconstruction and development after disasters. It defines key terms like recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Recovery aims to resume basic services while rehabilitation provides temporary housing and infrastructure. Reconstruction rebuilds communities to be more resilient. The document discusses principles of prioritizing vulnerable groups and integrating reconstruction into long-term development plans. It also outlines the roles of different sectors in reconstruction and the government's role in relief efforts, rebuilding homes and infrastructure, and preventing disease outbreaks.
Fragile environments ecosystems starter
Fragile environments are places that are easily damaged or destroyed. They include polar regions, rainforests, deserts, and coral reefs. These areas have unique ecosystems that are sensitive to human impacts like pollution, climate change, and development. Protecting fragile environments requires understanding how they function and limiting disruption to prevent harm to plants and animals.
Remote sensing ppt
Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects through analysis of sensor data without physical contact. It uses electromagnetic radiation as an information carrier. Key elements include an energy source, sensors to record energy interactions with objects, and transmission/processing of sensor data. Platforms can be ground, airborne, or space-based. Remote sensing provides regional views over broad portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and geo-referenced digital data. Applications include weather forecasting, mapping, monitoring vegetation/soils in agriculture, assessing water resources, and disaster control.
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types of flood & flood mitigation/management techniques - damages
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources Projects
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources ProjectsNational Institute of Technology Hamirpur
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case studyFloods causes & impacts
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
Man made disasters
Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
floods
Floods can occur when heavy rainfall or snowmelt causes river channels or low-lying areas to become submerged. They are the most common natural disaster worldwide and can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization. Major river basins in India that experience frequent flooding include the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and rivers in peninsular and northwestern regions. Floods can damage property, infrastructure, and agriculture, while also increasing health risks. Mitigation strategies aim to reduce vulnerability through mapping of flood-prone areas, land use controls, engineered structures, and flood management programs.
Landslide
This document discusses landslides, including their causes, types, effects, indicators, prevention, and safety measures. It defines landslides as the downward movement of soil, rock, and vegetation under gravity. Key points include that landslides occur when resisting forces are less than driving forces, and can be triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, erosion, deforestation, and human activities like excavation. The document outlines common landslide types and describes their impacts, such as damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and secondary hazards like flooding. It provides guidance on landslide hazard mapping, mitigation strategies, and safety precautions during landslide events.
Landslides
A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope, which can be caused by geological, morphological, physical, or anthropogenic factors. Major types of landslides include debris flows, earth flows, debris avalanches, rock falls, and topples. Landslides frequently occur in Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and northeastern Sylhet in Bangladesh due to the unstable soil structure. Mitigation approaches include restricting development in prone areas, monitoring systems, and engineering investigations to define hazard levels.
Floods
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Disaster, types, classification, Disaster management
This dissertation submitted by Ashish Rawat for his M.Sc. 4th semester in 2015-16 at Govt. P.G. College Rishikesh focuses on disaster management. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking those who guided the work. The introduction defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, risk. It discusses India's susceptibility to different natural hazards. The document then covers classification of disasters, characteristics of disasters, phases of disaster management and focuses on earthquake hazards with details on measurement, zones, management, and India's disaster profile.
Disaster management ppt
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Causes of flooding
This document discusses river basin management and flooding. It provides reasons for managing river basins, including for irrigation, water supply, navigation, tourism, hydroelectricity, and flood prevention. It then focuses on flooding, discussing both physical and human causes. It also discusses strategies for flood management, including hard engineering approaches like dams and levees, as well as softer approaches like land use regulation, warning systems, and insurance. Specific examples from the Tees Valley, Bangladesh, and Vaiont Dam disaster in Italy are also summarized.
Role & Importance of Finance in Disaster Management
This document discusses the role and importance of finance in disaster management. It begins with definitions of key terms like disaster, disaster management, and the disaster management cycle. It then outlines the importance of disaster risk finance, highlighting challenges such as a lack of data and political will. Mechanisms for financing disaster risk are described, including the Hyogo Framework for Action. Finally, stakeholders in disaster risk reduction and sources of financing are presented.
The role of land use planning in the disaster risk reduction
Mehdi NOJAVAN1, Alireza SADEGHIAN1, Mahsa MOHAJERAN2, Abdollah SOBANI3
1university of Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2university of Birjand, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 3Department of Hydraulic Engineering, K.N. University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran
Hazards & Types Of Disasters
The document defines different types of hazards and disasters. It discusses natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, storms, mudslides, avalanches, droughts, and wildfires. It also covers technological disasters, environmental disasters, and complex disasters involving terrorism, civil unrest, and refugee problems. The document provides descriptions and examples of each type of hazard and disaster.
Methods of flood control
The document discusses methods for flood control, including controlling water levels through dams and check dams, building barriers like levees and flood walls, altering river channels by straightening or widening them, controlling land use around rivers, and using floodways. It provides details on reservoirs, levees, and floodways as specific flood control techniques. Levees are described as earthen embankments built between rivers and protected areas to restrict flood water flow, with considerations for their height and freeboard. The Mississippi River levee system is highlighted as one of the largest in the world.
Disaster management By vivek bhatt
India is vulnerable to both natural and human-induced disasters. Natural disasters that commonly occur in India include floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, and droughts. These disasters can be categorized as slow-onset like droughts or rapid-onset like earthquakes. They cause widespread damage and disruption. India has developed systems for disaster management but remains at risk given factors like its large population, urbanization, and effects of climate change. The economically weak face greater vulnerabilities during disasters. After disasters, rehabilitation and reconstruction aim to restore affected communities while encouraging necessary adjustments. Various agencies in India are responsible for managing different types of disasters.
Flood risk assessment and management
This document discusses flood risk assessment and management. It begins by providing statistics on flood risk globally and in Europe and Italy to demonstrate the significant impacts of flooding. It then defines flooding and different types of floods. The key concepts of risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are introduced. Methods for assessing flood risk are described, including quantifying direct, indirect, and intangible damages through approaches like depth-damage curves, percentages of direct damages, and field surveys. Challenges in assessing indirect and intangible damages are also outlined. The document provides an example of applying these concepts to assess risk in the Valmalenco region of Italy.
Socio economic impacts of natural disasters
Natural disasters have significant socio-economic impacts that vary depending on whether they occur in a less economically developed country (LEDC) or more economically developed country (MEDC). In LEDCs, disasters can have more severe consequences due to factors like lower GDP, weaker infrastructure, lack of resources, and unstable governments. This hinders recovery efforts. Major international aid organizations like the UN and Red Cross provide relief in disasters worldwide, but their assistance is also more crucial in LEDCs with limited response capacities. The wealth and development level of a nation therefore influences the scale of damage and recovery from natural hazards.
MICRO-ZONING AND RISK MAPPING FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
This document discusses disaster risk assessment and micro-zoning for preparedness. It defines key terms like risk, vulnerability, mitigation and preparedness. It describes how mitigation includes long-term measures to reduce risk, while preparedness consists of short-term activities. The document outlines the process of risk mapping, which involves combining hazard, exposure and vulnerability maps. It discusses approaches for mapping event intensity, exposure, and risk, as well as challenges in seismic hazard evaluation.
Reconstruction and development
The document outlines concepts related to reconstruction and development after disasters. It defines key terms like recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Recovery aims to resume basic services while rehabilitation provides temporary housing and infrastructure. Reconstruction rebuilds communities to be more resilient. The document discusses principles of prioritizing vulnerable groups and integrating reconstruction into long-term development plans. It also outlines the roles of different sectors in reconstruction and the government's role in relief efforts, rebuilding homes and infrastructure, and preventing disease outbreaks.
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types of flood & flood mitigation/management techniques - damages
types of flood & flood mitigation/management techniques - damages
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources Projects
Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources Projects
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Disaster, types, classification, Disaster management
Role & Importance of Finance in Disaster Management
Role & Importance of Finance in Disaster Management
The role of land use planning in the disaster risk reduction
The role of land use planning in the disaster risk reduction
MICRO-ZONING AND RISK MAPPING FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
MICRO-ZONING AND RISK MAPPING FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
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Fragile environments ecosystems starter
Fragile environments are places that are easily damaged or destroyed. They include polar regions, rainforests, deserts, and coral reefs. These areas have unique ecosystems that are sensitive to human impacts like pollution, climate change, and development. Protecting fragile environments requires understanding how they function and limiting disruption to prevent harm to plants and animals.
Remote sensing ppt
Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects through analysis of sensor data without physical contact. It uses electromagnetic radiation as an information carrier. Key elements include an energy source, sensors to record energy interactions with objects, and transmission/processing of sensor data. Platforms can be ground, airborne, or space-based. Remote sensing provides regional views over broad portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and geo-referenced digital data. Applications include weather forecasting, mapping, monitoring vegetation/soils in agriculture, assessing water resources, and disaster control.
Achievements of the Heart of Borneo in Indonesia
The document discusses Indonesia's efforts to achieve the goals of the Heart of Borneo initiative, which aims to conserve the unique ecosystem shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It outlines Indonesia's designation of the Heart of Borneo area as a national strategic area and describes governance structures and a strategic plan to guide conservation and sustainable development activities. Key points include delineating conservation, utilization, and mining zones; establishing working groups at national and local levels; and progress made to date in designating protected areas and implementing programs.
"GPS" Global Positioning System [PDF]
This presentation is about GPS... what is it?why GPS? , how it works? and the applications of GPS. By Mostafa Hussien
facebook profile: http://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
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Global positioning System
The document provides an introduction to GPS (Global Positioning System). It discusses how early humans navigated using methods like piles of stones or stars, and the development of modern navigation ideas like radar and sonar. It describes the history of GPS, which was developed by the US Department of Defense, launched its first satellites in 1978, and became fully operational in 1995. The document explains that GPS uses triangulation based on distance measurements to satellites to determine precise locations on Earth. It provides examples of GPS applications for military and civilian uses such as navigation, mapping, and tracking fishing fleets.
Remote Sensing PPT
This document provides an overview of remote sensing through a seminar presented by Ashwathy Babu Paul. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about an object without physical contact through electromagnetic radiation. It describes the basic components and process of remote sensing systems including energy sources, sensor recording, transmission and processing. Various sensors and platforms are discussed along with advantages and applications in fields like agriculture, natural resource management, national security, geology, meteorology, and more. Challenges are addressed but advantages of remote sensing are said to far outweigh these.
Gps ppt
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites operated by the US Department of Defense. It provides positioning anywhere in the world without subscription fees. GPS determines location by measuring the time it takes signals from satellites to reach a receiver and using that to calculate the distance to the satellites, whose locations are known. Combining distance measurements to multiple satellites triangulates the receiver's position.
Bioremediation
Environmental biotechnology uses biological processes to protect and restore the environment. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in air, water, and soil into less harmful substances. It can be used to treat wastewater, industrial effluents, drinking water, land, soil, air, and solid waste. Genetic engineering creates environmentally friendly alternatives by modifying microorganisms using recombinant DNA technology. Biotechnology shows potential to contribute to environmental remediation and protection.
GPS ppt.
The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, core components, working principles, accuracy limitations, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 3 segments - space, control, and user. It works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver and triangulating its position based on distances to 4 or more satellites. Various methods can improve its accuracy to within a few centimeters.
Bioremediation
This document provides an overview of bioremediation. Some key points:
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to remove or break down pollutants in the environment. It can be used to treat contamination in soil, water, and solid waste.
- There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Genetically engineered microbes are also used.
- The microbes degrade pollutants through redox reactions and metabolic pathways. Bioremediation can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material to another location (ex situ).
Global Warming Ppt
Global warming occurs naturally but is now exacerbated by human activities like industrialization. The greenhouse effect involves gases in the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun, warming the planet. Increased greenhouse gases from human activities have raised the Earth's surface temperature to new highs and caused severe weather events. If emissions are not reduced, scientists warn of even greater temperature rises, more extreme storms, floods and droughts, and small island nations being submerged due to sea level rise from melting ice sheets and thermal expansion of oceans. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol have aimed to reduce emissions but more action is still needed to prevent destructive climate change impacts.
Pollution.Ppt
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, land, and radioactive pollution. It provides definitions and overviews of each type of pollution, describes their causes and effects, and gives recommendations for prevention. The types of pollution covered are air pollution from industries and vehicles, water pollution from industrial and sewage waste, noise pollution from traffic, construction and airports, land pollution from mining, garbage and industrial waste, and radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants and waste. The document aims to educate about various forms of pollution and their impacts.
Global Warming
Global warming is caused by increasing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Global warming has led to increased global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. If it continues unchecked, global warming will have severe environmental and economic consequences, including risks to food production, increased disease, and population displacement due to flooding. Both government policies and individual actions are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.
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dryland farming problems and solutions
Dryland Agriculture In India: Problems and Solution
characteristics of dryland agriculture, problems and their and solution
SEEDS
The document discusses Project Green, an initiative aimed at addressing declining agricultural productivity in India. It notes that agricultural land and growth have been decreasing, reducing rural incomes. Project Green proposes utilizing unused and barren lands for organic farming to boost output, maintain soil fertility, and enhance livelihoods. It would select an area, assess land and resource availability, establish a research center, train farmers, and implement scientific organic techniques. The project aims to stabilize India's economic growth and improve technology for local farmers, though challenges include converting barren land and gaining financial support.
5. devendra singh and g.s. chauhan
This document summarizes a study on water resource scarcity and its impact in the Mahoba district of India. It finds that the region faces acute water scarcity due to factors like unpredictable monsoons, overexploitation of water resources, degradation of forests, poor infrastructure, and mismanagement. This scarcity negatively impacts populations, agriculture, livestock, and causes migration. Women and children are most affected as they must spend more time and travel farther to collect water. The document analyzes data on the causes and impacts of water depletion in the region.
Approaches for water sustainability
This document discusses approaches for water sustainability in India. It notes that while India has a large population, it only has 4% of the world's renewable water resources. The document outlines challenges around uneven rainfall distribution and frequent floods and droughts. It recommends adopting integrated water resource management and a holistic approach that focuses on water conservation techniques like watershed development, rainwater harvesting, and conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The goal is to balance water supply and demand in a sustainable manner that supports ecosystems and human needs over the long term.
Effectiveness of Watershed Management- Means Of Economical Development- A Cas...
Abstract: Water is the life-blood of the environment, without water no living beings can survive. Water plays
unique role in development of all sectors in any economy of every country. Water is used for agricultural,
domestic, industrial, power generation and other various purposes. But misuses of water resources cause
widespread degradation of soil and disrupt the supply of potable water, generate massive economical loss.
Hence it becomes necessary to harness the water resources available on Earth through the application of
science and technology. This paper presents one such case study where large amount of rainwater is possible to
direct to recharge ground water resources. Kaneri is a small village located at distance of 10 Kms. from
Kolhapur city. It is planned to take such engineering and biological measures which will direct this extra runoff
to ground water storage. The most significant feature of the work is that if such technologies are developed and
adopted at larger scale in rural areas, it will prevent thousands of villages of the country from water supply by
tankers. Moreover this will also help us for economical development of village people which mainly occurs due
to water scarcity.
Study on Impact of Land Fragmentation in Agriculture-A Case of Rajshahi Distr...
Abstract:The study was conducted in Rajshahi district to get clear picture on the status of land fragmentation. Total 30 respondents were interviewed to know about the status of land fragmentation in Rajshai, impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, environment, economics and sustainable development. This study was conducted with the view to assess the impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, land uses as well as on society, and in particular, challenges for the agricultural land. Several factors were recognized and it is happening due to alterations in physiographic and social-economic conditions and population growth. The land use pattern of Bangladesh is changing very rapidly due to unplanned human settlement and industrialization. Bangladesh is a small country but it supports a huge population, resulting in a very high density of population and very high intensity of land and resource use The following factors are driving country’s overall scenario of economic development and environment imbalance include: i) unexpected population growth; ii) human settlement; iii) increased number of nuclear family; and iv) scarcity of land for ever increasing demand of food. As a result, agricultural land is decreasing remarkably. Results showed that the land fragmentation of Rajshahi district is changing, especially the agricultural land is decreasing in an alarming rate and now it is becoming more and more vulnerable. The agricultural land of the study area is losing each and every year. The agricultural production also is decreasing due to lack of agricultural land, industrialization, decreasing soil fertility and making soils toxics by using chemicals. If this rate continues, the agricultural land will be totally exhausted within the next couple of years. Moreover the fragmentation of land is impacting sustainable development of the study area frequently. If the perceived problems could be solved by raising awareness among the people, go for vertical uses of land, motivate family to live in the extend family, adopting appropriate policy for human settlements and land use planning.
Keywords:Extend family; land fragmentation; nuclear family; vertical scope; sustainable development.
Water problems and solutions in Pakistan
This document discusses solutions to water pollution problems in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for human, animal and plant life. It then outlines some of Pakistan's major water problems, including decreasing availability of water per capita. Some key causes of water crisis are natural factors like drought, as well as mismanagement of water resources through an inefficient irrigation system and loss of over 50% of diverted water. The impacts of water pollution are also reviewed. Some proposed solutions to water pollution problems include improving sewage systems, reducing development in traditional water recharging areas, preventing wastewater from entering water bodies, reusing water where possible, and protecting surface and groundwater sources from pollution.
19 sustainability of wrm mym
This document summarizes a study on the sustainability of groundwater resources in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh. The study examines long-term water table fluctuations in the region using data from 1985 to 2004 from observation wells. The results show that the depth to the water table is declining slowly over time in almost all wells. If current trends continue, many wells will see their depth double by 2040 and almost all will double by 2060. Declining water tables pose a threat to agriculture and food security in the region. Strategies are needed to sustain water resources, such as demand-side management and developing alternative surface water sources to reduce pressure on groundwater.
IRJET - Analysis of Land Degraded in Maitha Block of Kanpur Dehat District us...
This document analyzes land degradation in Maitha Block of Kanpur Dehat district in Uttar Pradesh, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Satellite images from 2013 and 2016 were classified to map sodic (saline) land and waterlogged areas. The analysis found that sodic land decreased from 20.96 km2 to 16.32 km2 from 2013 to 2016, while waterlogged areas decreased from 2.9 km2 to 1.2 km2 over the same period. Overall, the total degraded land in the block increased from 25.96 km2 (8.6% of the area) in 2013 to 28.02 km2 (9.52% of the area) in 2016,
Shebin sheraf
Desertification is land degradation in dry areas caused by climate variations and human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and agriculture. It impacts over 35% of the global land area and costs $300-600 billion annually. India has 32.7% of its land affected by desertification processes like soil erosion and loss of vegetation cover. Integrated land and water management, protecting vegetation cover, sustainable grazing/farming, and alternative livelihoods can help prevent further desertification.
Sudan climate change impacts
The document discusses climate change impacts in Sudan. It notes that Sudan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to factors like poverty, weak resource management, and environmental fragility. Key impacts include rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns exacerbating droughts and floods, threats to food security and water resources, and health impacts. The document outlines Sudan's climate zones and variability in rainfall. It recommends various adaptation strategies and projects focused on sectors like agriculture, forestry, rangelands, and health to build resilience to climate change.
Watershed and Agriculture Management in Rajasthan
Scarcity of water, poor natural resources and desertification are the most critical issues of Rajasthan. The state has the highest probability of drought occurrence in the country. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the major sources of livelihood. However, scanty rainfall and low availability of underground water make the occupations uncertain and generate low returns. Poor income has led to several other challenges in the region, including malnutrition, women’s drudgery, distress migration and exploitation of natural resources. A large number of farmers in Rajasthan still practice traditional farming which impacts yield due to the limited availability of irrigation water and extreme weather conditions. The majority of the population are poor and marginalized farmers who depend primarily on agriculture and livestock for livelihoods. Traditional rainwater harvesting systems such as johads, paals, and bandhs are in a neglected state, so the water from monsoon rains is not collected and is lost through runoff. And there are no perennial rivers that can meet the needs of the people. COVID 19 has caused widespread uncertainty throughout the population. A drought scenario with lack of water would increase the anguish among the population. Communities need adequate access to water for livelihood and for domestic use, especially during harsh summers. Traditional community water conservation practices will be considered when planning solutions for watershed management. Dr. Panmal Pahariya "Watershed and Agriculture Management in Rajasthan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52339.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/52339/watershed-and-agriculture-management-in-rajasthan/dr-panmal-pahariya
Role of watershed management in reducing soil erosion zewde a
Soil is one of the most important and essential natural resources. Soils offer plants physical support, air, water, temperature moderation, nutrients, and protection from toxins. Soils provide readily available nutrients to plants and animals by converting dead organic matter into various nutrient forms.
Resources and development
This document discusses different types of resources and land resources. It classifies resources based on origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and development status. It describes individual, community-owned, national, international, potential, developed, stock, and reserve resources. The document also discusses problems related to resources, sustainable development, and the need for resource planning and conservation. Specifically regarding land resources, it provides details on India's land area distribution and major uses. It further explains land degradation causes and methods to stop degradation, as well as soil erosion and conservation techniques.
Soil Erosion Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Theshirvan Plain o...
Soil Erosion Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Theshirvan Plain o...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes a research study on quantifying soil erosion in the Shirvan plain of Azerbaijan using remote sensing techniques. The study area is described as located between the Kura River and the Caspian Sea, with grey desert soil and halophytic vegetation. Thirty soil samples were collected and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to calculate soil erosion risk. Results found that 25.3% of the Shirvan plain is under severe risk of soil erosion, totaling 190,740 hectares. Remote sensing and GIS tools were effective for mapping soil erosion risk at different data availability levels and provide decision support for managing soil degradation issues in the region.Resource Management Assignment.pdf
This document analyzes the social changes affecting the agroecosystem of Shivasatakshi municipality, Nepal using the DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses) framework. The key driving forces identified are population growth, urbanization, and increased fertilizer use. These forces put pressure on the environment through land degradation and pollution. As a result, the state of the natural environment has deteriorated, as seen in increased temperatures and crop failures. This has led to impacts like declining soil fertility and ecological imbalances. Responses to address these problems include better management of urbanization, use of alternative energy sources, and raising public awareness of environmental issues.
Asian Soil Partnership
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership
This presentation was made during the third GSP Planery Assembly that took place in Rome; FAO HQ from 22-24 June 2015. The presentation was made by Khandker Moyeenuddin and it presents the Asian soil partnership.
©FAO: http://www.fao.org
What is watershed
This document provides an overview of watershed development. It defines a watershed as an area of land that drains water to a common point. It describes the characteristics of watersheds including size, shape, physiography, slope, climate, drainage, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology, and socioeconomics. It outlines the objectives, advantages, management measures, types, and aims of watershed development programs. It also discusses rainwater harvesting, development work carried out in watersheds, economic assessment, and the role of cooperative societies in watershed management.
Environmental issues A Presentation By Mr. Allah dad Khan Visiting Professor...
Environmental issues A Presentation By Mr. Allah dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Micro Irrigation Systems
This document discusses micro irrigation systems and their benefits. It provides information on different micro irrigation techniques including drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, microjet irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation. It highlights that micro irrigation systems allow for precise water and fertilizer application which improves irrigation efficiency and crop yields while reducing water and fertilizer usage. The document also discusses fertigation which involves applying water-soluble fertilizers through micro irrigation systems. Fertigation provides uniform fertilizer application and placement in the root zone, allowing for increased fertilizer use efficiency and more frequent nutrient application tailored to crop needs.
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More from Milita Haldar
Global Warming
The PPT speaks about the ensuing problem of Global Warming. It elaborates on the problems and its solutions.
Deforestation
Deforestation is a problem waiting to be tackled. Herein are some reasons and solutions to combat the problem.
Role of NGO in Environment Conservation
The PPT describes the role of NGO in environment conservation, it specifies the same with an example of CSE.
Fluoride problem in drinking water
Fluoride occurs naturally in drinking water and is also added to promote dental health, though high levels can cause health issues. A study found fluoride in 23 of 25 water samples tested, all below EPA and WHO standards. Excess fluoride intake, especially during tooth development, can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Dental fluorosis causes tooth discoloration and pitting, while skeletal fluorosis damages bones and joints. Methods for removing fluoride include distillation, reverse osmosis, activated alumina filtration, and bone char carbon filtration, which can remove 90-98% of fluoride but require maintenance.
Transportation and its effect on environment
Transportation has significant environmental impacts through its emissions and infrastructure requirements. The direct impacts of transportation emissions include air pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and lead released from vehicle exhaust. The infrastructure needs of transportation, such as roads, parking lots, and airports, also have indirect and cumulative environmental impacts such as habitat loss, fragmentation of ecosystems, and consumption of agricultural lands. Transportation activities can also contribute to issues like climate change, resource depletion, water and soil pollution, and increased biosecurity risks. Addressing these various environmental effects of transportation will be important for achieving sustainable development.
Arsenic in water[1]
The PPT Tries to identify the problems and effect of arsenic in water with some of its control measures.
Ecosystem
This document discusses ecosystems and homeostasis mechanisms. It defines an ecosystem as including all organic life, soil, water, and inorganic components that interact in a habitat. Ecosystems have abiotic components like geography and climate, and biotic components like plants, animals, and microbes. Ecological pyramids graphically represent the trophic structure of an ecosystem in terms of number, biomass, and energy. Homeostasis mechanisms include negative feedback that stabilizes deficiencies and disequilibriums, and positive feedback that can occur from human interference removing population controls. Concluding, the document states that increasing human activities are making ecosystems more fragile, which could impact humans.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Fragile Ecosystem
- 1. FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM: The Concern of the Present World . Presented By: Ms. Milita Haldar Lecturer Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engg. & Mgmt. Lucknow Email id : haldar.milita@gmail.com
- 2. Index Abiotic Component. Biotic Component FUNCTIONING OF THE ECOSYSTEM PRODUCER CONSUMER DECOMPOSER HUMAN ACTIVITIES WATER FLOW NATURAL CALAMITY FIRE CLIMATE SUNLIGHT
- 3. FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM A fragile ecosystem is an ecosystem or community which lacks resilience or which is so heavily impacted by an 'un-natural' (human?) event that it changes in unexpected and undesirable ways leading into the conditions that are often termed as natural catastrophe . The fragile ecosystem, as can be claimed is the price paid by the humans for incessant development done at the cost of natural destruction
- 4. THE CAUSES AFFECTING FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM GROWING POPULATION INTENSIVE INDUSTRIALIZATION
- 7. IMPACT OF UNDUE INTERFERNCE ARE- LOWERING OF WATER TABLE Decreasing water table level of some of the prominent areas of Lucknow reflects the aftermaths of growing Population. POLLUTION 29.01 26.98 24.95 Lucknow Univ. 27.48 24.77 22.06 Vikas Nagar 21.70 20.77 19.21 New Hyderabad 29.01 26.53 24.05 Mahanagar 25.45 20.45 15.45 Gomti Nagar 20.00 18.02 16.06 Aliganj 30.60 28.45 26.30 Nirala Nagar 27.75 24.62 21.49 Indira Nagar MAY 2009 (EXPECTED TABLE IN METRE) MAY 2006 (IN METRE) MAY 2003 (IN METRE) AREA
- 9. FREQUENT OCCURENCE OF DISASTER POVERTY
- 10. STUDY AREA BUNDELKHAND Occupies 70,000 square kilometers of the central plains in India, and stretches over twelve districts of northern Madhya Pradesh (MP) and five districts of southern Uttar Pradesh.
- 11. DROUGHT LIKE CONDITION EXCESSIVE EXPLOITATION OF GROUND WATER RISING POPULATION EXPANDING RAVINES DROUGHT LIKE CONDITION
- 13. EVEN AFTER BUNDELKHAND RECEIVED UNPRECEDENTED HEAVY RAINFALL THIS YEAR . Bundelkhand once again reported of land cracks that is 13 in Hamirpur and 5 in Jalaun district this was basically due to the fact as quoted by P N Razdan, Senior Deputy Director General, GSI, northern region. “Since Bundelkhand received deficient rainfall for the last four to five years, excessive exploitation of groundwater over this period has created a tension in the aquifer. Now with the sudden recharge of water due to incessant rains, fissures have opened up.”
- 16. Practicing Sustainable Development- (6) Maximize the output and rate of growth. (5) Improve quality of life. (4) Promote equity in income distribution. (3) Reduce unemployment; Contribute to development (2) Solve or avoid environmental problems. (1) Optimally utilize natural and human resources Some Features of appropriate technology