India is vulnerable to both natural and human-induced disasters. Natural disasters that commonly occur in India include floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, and droughts. These disasters can be categorized as slow-onset like droughts or rapid-onset like earthquakes. They cause widespread damage and disruption. India has developed systems for disaster management but remains at risk given factors like its large population, urbanization, and effects of climate change. The economically weak face greater vulnerabilities during disasters. After disasters, rehabilitation and reconstruction aim to restore affected communities while encouraging necessary adjustments. Various agencies in India are responsible for managing different types of disasters.

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN
INDIA

2.  A disaster whether natural or human-induced , is an event which results in
widespread human loss . It accompanied by loss of livelihood , property
causing suffering and loss in a definite area , as shown in the picture.
 Some of the common features that are normally seen in areas affected by
disasters are:-
1. Disruption in the normal functioning of the society , thereby affecting a
large number of people.
2. Large scale loss to life , property , livelihood , thereby affecting the
community which requires external aid to coup up with the losses.
3. A big blow to the country’s economy.

3.  Disasters can be categorized into various types based on the speed and origin/cause.
1. Slow- onset disaster : A disaster that prevails for many days , months or even years like
drought , environment degradation , pest infestation , famine are some examples of a slow
onset disasters.
2. Rapid-onset disaster : A disaster that is triggered by an instantaneous shock . The impact of
this disaster be short-lived or long-term . Earthquake , cyclone , flash flood , volcanic
eruption are some examples of rapid onset disasters.
3. Natural disaster : A natural disaster is an event that is caused by a natural hazard and lead
to human , material , economics and environmental losses , which exceed the ability of
those affected to cope.
 Some examples of natural disasters are the 2004 indian ocean tsunami , the 2008
earthquake in china , the 2007 cyclone in Myanmar , the recurrent droughts Rajasthan
and the annual floods in both rural and urban areas of northern and western India.
4.Human-Induced disasters : A serious disruption of normal life triggered by a human-
induced hazard causing human , material , economic and environmental losses , which
exceed the ability of those affected to cope.

4.  India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of natural as well
as man-made disasters. 58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone to
earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity; over 40 million hectares (12
per cent of land) is prone to floods and river erosion; of the 7,516 km long
coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68 per cent
of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas are at risk from
landslides and avalanches. Vulnerability to disasters/ emergencies of
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) origin also exists.
Heightened vulnerabilities to disaster risks can be related to expanding
population, urbanization and industrialization, development within high-risk
zones, environmental degradation and climate change (Maps 1-4).
 In the context of human vulnerability to disasters, the economically and
socially weaker segments of the population are the ones that are most
seriously affected. Within the vulnerable groups, elderly persons, women,
children - especially women rendered destitute and children orphaned on
account of disasters and the differently abled persons are exposed to higher
risks.

5. floods
FLOODS ARE TEMPORARY INUNDATION OF
LARGE REGIONS AS A RESULT OF AN INCREASE IN
RESERVOIR, OR OF RIVERS FLOODING THEIR
BANKS BECAUSE OF HEAVY RAINS, HIGH WINDS,
CYCLONES, STORM SURGE ALONG COAST ,
TSUNAMI, MELTING OF SNOW OR DAM BURST.

6. cyclones
Cyclones are violent storms, often of vast extent, characterized by
high winds rotating about a calm center of low atmospheric
pressure. This center moves onward, often with a velocity of 50km
an hour.

7.  An earthquake is a sudden release of energy accumulated in
deformed rocks causing the ground to tremble or shake.

8. landslides
 Landslides are slippery masses of rock , earth or debris which
move by force of their own weight down mountain slope or river
banks.

9.  Drought is a climatic anomaly, characterized by
deficient supply of moisture resulting either from
sub-normal rainfall, erratic rainfall distribution,
higher water need or a combination of all the
factors.

10. DISASTER OCCURRENCE
BETWEEN 1995 and 2004
World distribution of disasaters triggered by natural disasters
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS AVALANCHES
WAVE SURGE LANDSLIDES DROUGHT AND RELATED DISASTERS
WIND STORM FLOODS INSECT INFESTATION
EPIDEMIC

11. LOCATION
OF
FLOOD
HAZARDS

13. LOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE
ZONES OF INDIA:-

14. LOCATION OF Seismic
Activity in India
180 AD - 2004

15.  57% land is vulnerable to
earthquakes. Of these, 12% is
vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
 Apart from natural disasters, some
cities in India are also vulnerable to
chemical and industrial disasters and
man-made disasters.
36%
5%
8%
43%
8%
quantity of land is vulnerable
earthquake Cyclone floods drought industrial disasters

16.  Moving away from the Great Bengal famine of 1769-
1770 in which a third of the population perished.
 The Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara or Skull
famine of 1790 to 1792, the North West Provinces
famine of 1838, the North West India Famine of 1861,
the Bengal and Orissa famine of 1866, the Rajputana
famine of 1869, the famine of 1899 to 1901, the Bengal
famine of 1943…
 The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979, 1987, 2002

17. Impacts of disaster
 At times, the impact of disasters occurring in one State may spread
over to the areas of other States. Similarly, preventive measures in
respect of certain disasters, such as floods, etc may be required to
be taken in one State, as the impact of their occurrence may affect
another. The administrative hierarchy of the country is organized
into the national, state and district level administrations. This presents
some difficulties in respect of disasters impacting more than one
State. Management of such situations calls for a coordinated
approach, which can respond to a range of issues quite different
from those that normally present themselves – before, during and
after the event. NDMA will encourage identification of such
situations and promote the establishment of mechanisms on the
lines of Mutual Aid Agreement for coordinated strategies for dealing
with them by the states and central ministries, departments and
other agencies concerned

18.  Flood have been a recurrent phenomenon I n
india With more than 12 percent of the total land
area prone to floods , it is necessary to take
adequate structural and non-structural mitigation
measures.
Floods can happen both gradually , taking hours,
or suddenly due to breach of the water control
structures, spill over or heavy downpour caused in
the region.
IMPACT OF DISASTER
CAUSED DUE TO FLOOD

19. WHAT IS VULNERABILITY?
 Vulnerability is the condition determined by physical , social , economics and
environmental factors or processes , which increases the susceptibility of a
community to the Impact of hazards.
 During the Gujarat earthquake {2001} , for example , people living in the old city of
Bhuj with narrow roads , newly-constructed unsafe high-rise buildings and a high
density of population faced more injuries And lose of life during the earthquake ,
than those living In the suburbs . The people in subrubs had broader roads and
single buildings and a lower density of population, which helped quick exit from
falling buildings during the earthquake. Thus, we can say that people living in the
old city of Bhuj were more vulnerable than those living in suburbs.
 Among those who are more vulnerable to disasters are people who are socially
and economically under-privileged. [for example, people living in low lying areas
are prone to floods which thereby damage their houses and affect their livelihood.]
Lack resources also limits their ability to respond and cope with the disaster. In the
terms of vulnerability , young children , elderly , physically challenged are the ones
who are likely to be affected more.

20. REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
The operations and decisions taken after a disaster with a view to restore an affected
community to its former living conditions, while encouraging and facilitating the
necessary adjustments to the changes caused by the disasater.

21. Nodal Agencies for Disaster
Management
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
 Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry
 Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
 Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
 Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
 Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
 Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
 Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
 Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

22. Made by – vivek bhatt
 Subject – S.S.t.
 ROLL NO. – B/27