The document discusses climate change impacts in Sudan. It notes that Sudan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to factors like poverty, weak resource management, and environmental fragility. Key impacts include rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns exacerbating droughts and floods, threats to food security and water resources, and health impacts. The document outlines Sudan's climate zones and variability in rainfall. It recommends various adaptation strategies and projects focused on sectors like agriculture, forestry, rangelands, and health to build resilience to climate change.

1. SUDAN Climate Change IMPACTS
Ammar H. Bashir
Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation
Mohammed H. Kabbashi
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal
Resources & Irrigation
SUDAN
3/26/2015 1SUDAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

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3. 3/26/2015 3SUDAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

4.  Climate change is a phenomenon trapping
greenhouse gases which:
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
In the atmosphere and not to leakage leading to a rise
in Earth's surface temperature is known as global
warming or the greenhouse gases.

5. Ministry of Environment &
Urbanization Development (EUD)
– Federal Level
High Council for Environmental &
Natural Resources (HCENR) –
Federal Level
18 (HCENR) – States Level
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6.  Depth of poverty.
 lack of different sources of income.
 lack of agricultural inputs.
 Weak Resource Management.
 Impoverish the soil agriculture repeated.
 Fragility of the land for water resources.
 Poor soil fertility.
 Desertification.
 Conflict over natural resources.
 Lack of extension services.
 Displacement of communities.
 Poor health services.

7. 1- High temperature of the atmosphere and
Earth's temperature.
2- Sea level rise.
3-An increase in the incidence and severity,
abnormal weather phenomena such as
droughts and floods reflected negatively on
food security, and an abundance of fresh water,
loss of biodiversity, health and human
settlements.

8. Developing countries, the poor overall
dependence on natural resources and the
limited ability to adapt according to the
World Resources Institute 2005 - The
Wealth of the Poor.

9. Africa is one of the continent most vulnerable to
climate change because:
Lack of ability to adapt to the end of the 21st century
will affect sea rise in the island states, coastal and
low-lying areas will see the coral reefs and mangrove
decrease. Also will see the belt from Senegal to
Sudan severe drought cycles and decrease in river
water.

10. Sudan is one of the main areas affected by climate
change ratio environmental regime fragile, weak
environmental infrastructure and economic, the vast
majority of the territory of Sudan sensitive to changes
in temperature and precipitation as food security
determines the rate of rainfall and more than 70% of
Sudan's population depends directly on the resources
sensitive to the climate of livelihood.

11.  Arid and semi Arid-: located in north and center of the
country and represent more than 50% of the total. area
 Savannah system (clay): characteristics of this system
and the lack of rain, we find that the clay soil is a tyrant
and represent 5% .
 Savannah system (sand): rain in this system are also a
few dominate the sandy soil and represents only 3%.
The scope of malaria in Sudan
 Southern system threatened by floods: These areas
3% of the total area.

12. Sudan climate zones
ABH
ABN
AQQ
ARB
ARM
ATB
BAR
BNS
DMZ
DNG
DUM
NSR
FSH
GDF
GEN
HAL
HAS
HDB
HLG
JUB
KDG
KHA
KHW
KRM
KSL
KST
KUR
MLK
NHD
NYL
OBD
PSD
RAG
RNKRSH
SNR
SHW
SHM
SHN
TKR
TOR
UMB
WAU
WHF
WMD
NAG
MAR
PIB
8.00
YAM
KAP
22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
DESERT
SEMI-DESERT
DRY
SEMI-DRY
SUB-HUMID
HUMID
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13. Sudan Rain fall
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14.  Stockholm Conference on June 5, 1972
 Earth's environment
 The natural and the social and economic.
 Concept of sustainable development (Sustainable
development).

15. The aim of this agreement to reduce
green houses gases in range that
increase its harmful impact at global
climate, Sudan was Signature

16. Developed a private environment, such as the
Framework Convention on Climate Change and
the Convention on Biological Diversity
Convention to Combat Desertification in
addition to the adoption of the first century
agenda and twenty agreements (Agenda 21),
which aims to achieve sustainable development
and improve the lives of people without the
depletion of the resource base.

17. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of
industrialized nations rates and help developing
countries in the areas of sustainable
development has entered into force on
February 16, 2005 has ended Firth first
commitment at 31-12=2012, the second period
beginning in 01-January -2013

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19. Natural Resources
(1) Forest
1976 584 362 Km 2 (23%) area of Sudan,
1980 559 326 km2,
Now 300 697 km2 (12% ) area of Sudan).

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21. o Lack of integrated management of natural
resources.
o Agricultural expansion.
o Fluctuating climatic conditions and the lack of rain
and the recurrence of drought.
o Cutting of trees for the purpose of coal production
and furniture.

22. Sudan environment characterized by the
diversity of rich and vital, but is under some
pressures, such as:
 Shortages in some plant and animal species
some species are threatened with extinction.
 Decreased endemic species such as medical
and aromatic plants.
 Competition exotic species of crops and
trees.
 Genetically modified organisms (impending)
threat.

23.  Representing 46% of exports (Cotton, Sesame,
peanut, livestock, and Gum Arabic), which is
distributed over the traditional and modern sectors.
 From the traditional rain-fed sector is characterized
by low production rates associated with fluctuating
rainfall and distribution.
 Irrigated sector intensify the use of production
inputs of pesticides and other chemicals to fertilize
the failure of multiple environmental problems.

24.  Horizontal expansion of agriculture to compensate
for the weakness of the production was on forests
and pastures account due to lack of land-use plan.
 Increasing the amount of mechanized farming in
the east, west and center of the country reduced the
shepherds paths.
 Observed in Gum Arabic belt Palace land fallow
periods reflected negatively on the stability of Acacia
trees.

25. Estimated area of ​​rangelands in the
country close to 100 million hectares,
which graze livestock estimated 140 million
head, and this sector represents 22% of
national income.

26.  Land degradation as a result of the increase in
population due to displacement.
 The impact of the lack of vegetation on the ability of
pasture to accommodate the number of animals.
 Fire and high temperature levels (Water and
pasture).
 The movement of nomadic herders and under the
lack of grazing areas (the tensions and frictions
between the tribes).

27. Available annually in Sudan Km3,
 Sudan's share of the Nile waters 20.5
Km3,
 sewage is Nilotic 5.5 Km3.
 Renewable groundwater 4 Km3.
 Total : 30.5 Billion M3.

28. • Associated with multiple environmental situation diseases
such as malaria.
• Is expected to increase the incidence of the sun strikes as a
result of high temperature.
• Exchange rate low on the health sector does not exceed
3.5% of national income.
• The proportion of the probability of life of a person 55
years.
Impacts of Health:
• Displacement and the expansion of slums that lack the basic
necessities of life in which the disease spreads.
• High rate of pollution and health problems associated with
• The low level of life in the slums and the accumulation of
waste and waste.
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29. o Drought in Sudan risks
o Traditional subsistence agriculture about 80% of the
citizens on grain production and livestock breeding as
the most important sources of living.

30. SectorsFragile areasRepetitionEvent
Agriculture, water
resources, animal
and health
North and west of Sudan (North
Kordofan and Darfur), Kassala State
and some parts of rain-fed agriculture
in central Sudan
FrequentDrought
Agriculture, water
resources, animal
and health
Nile Basin and low land areas of the
south to the north and the mountains
of the Red Sea
FrequentFloods
Transportation
(Air and ground)
Mid and northern Sudan
Farming areas in each country
FrequentDust storms
AviationNorthern areas of central Sudan and
Red Sea State
Central and north-central Sudan
Non - FrequentWind Storm

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33.  Identify attributes system and quick to adapt to the
necessary initiatives.
 Recommendations specify a broader scope adaptation
activities such as capacity building, policy reform and
coordination between institutions.
 Contraindications to the application of the results of
the National Action Plan to adapt to climate change.
 The political will and commitment is an essential
requirement if we are to implement the national plan of
action to adapt to climate change. That necessarily means
raising environmental awareness among policymakers
and introduce them to the risks associated with climate
change size.

34.  The capacity for organizations and individuals alike are very
weak at both provincial and national levels it must be supported
and strengthened if we are to achieve the desired benefits from
the application of the National Action Plan to adapt to climate
change.
 A lack of funding and lack of fit with the local and global
levels, the proposed project threatens the failure of
implementation of the proposed major themes in the national
plan of action to adapt to climate size.
 The rules are complaining of acute and persistent poverty
with the deterioration in the health conditions of deepening
vulnerability to climate change.
 The weak and poor roads and long distances may cause
deportation outweigh the cost of activities in the majority of
regions that suffer from fragility expenses.

35. The activities and adaptation needs have been identified as follow:
 Eligibility forest and rangeland management and rehabilitation.
 Replace the herds of goats herds of sheep to rationalize the exploitation of
marginal pastures.
 Reduce pressure on forests using Mud in construction with finding
alternative energy.
 Change the use of the land to be used for livestock rather than crop
production.
 Strengthening the agricultural extension services and veterinary with the
necessary training.
 The introduction of varieties of drought-resistant seeds, poultry and fish
production.
 Forest farming in areas that have been undressing of the trees that have
been used in the construction or firewood fire.
 Develop an early warning system for droughts even take appropriate
preparations.
 Providing extension services to strengthen the capacity of small-scale
farmers.
 The protection and maintenance of grassland farming protective belts to
reduce the negative impact of the storms.

36. Adaptation Projects
27 projects:
 Four project in desert area.
 Seven in semi desert area.
 Eight in clay savanna.
 Eight in sand savanna.

37.  Cultivation map according crop water requirement,
available water and sawing date. 3/26/2015
 Cultivate early maturity varieties.
 Cultivate tolerance and hybrid varieties.
 By low farmers must planting 10% of area as forest.
 Applying water harvest techniques.
 Free Malaria medicine distribution.
 Distribute sleeping net to protect against
anopheles attack.

38. To facilitate adaptation of agriculture to climate
change, policymakers should:
1. Promote the development and testing of new
agricultural technologies (such as drought- and
heat stress-resistant high-yield varieties and
hybrids) and improved water harvesting and
management techniques to enhance productivity;
2. Promote an active agricultural extension service
that is integrated with agricultural research
institutions to transfer these technologies to
farmers;

39. 3.Establish early warning systems to
collect and analysis weather data in a
timely manner;
4. Improve institutional partnerships,
coordination, and collaboration for
effective long-term adaptation strategies;
and
5. Work with vulnerable communities at
the local level, applying a bottom-up
approach to project planning.
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40. 40
GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIÓN
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