This document discusses solutions to water pollution problems in Pakistan. It notes that water is essential for human, animal and plant life. It then outlines some of Pakistan's major water problems, including decreasing availability of water per capita. Some key causes of water crisis are natural factors like drought, as well as mismanagement of water resources through an inefficient irrigation system and loss of over 50% of diverted water. The impacts of water pollution are also reviewed. Some proposed solutions to water pollution problems include improving sewage systems, reducing development in traditional water recharging areas, preventing wastewater from entering water bodies, reusing water where possible, and protecting surface and groundwater sources from pollution.

1. Submitted By: Asra Hafeez F2017214008
Abdul Wahab Baig F2017214017
Muhammad Ali Babar F2017214021
Wahaj Mehmood F2017214004
Zaigham Ali Mehdi F2017214035
Submitted To: Capt. Zaira Tahir
Presentation No: 01
Submission Date: 10-22-2019
Topic: Solutions to Water Pollution Problems
Department of City and Regional Planning
School of Architecture and Planning
University of Management and Technology, Lahore
Spring, 2019

2. WATER IMPORTANCE
• Water sustains human, animal and plant life. ...
Managing water as an economic good is
an important way of achieving efficient and equitable
economic growth of economy. Better access to
clean water, sanitation services and water management
creates tremendous strategy for economic growth
of country.
Water Map of Pakistan
which indicates the
importance of water of
every area and
indicating the water
road in Pakistan.

3. MAJOR STUDY OF PAKISTAN ON
WATER PROBLEMS
Over the last
century human
population has
increased 3x.
Global water
withdrawal has
increased 7x. The
per capita water
withdrawal has
increased 4x.

4.  Agriculture
 Industry
 Domestic
 About one-sixth of the world’s people don’t have easy access to
safe water.
 Most water resources are owned by Government and are
managed as publicly owned resources.

5. • Most of the rural areas and many major cities rely on it,
although some cities such as Islamabad, Karachi,
Hyderabad etc. get water from a number of other
resources.
GROUND WATER IN PAKISTAN
The different
cities of
Pakistan with
different
percentages.

6. GROUND WATER CYCLE

7. • Water Table Lowering
• Depletion
• Saltwater Intrusion
• Reduced Stream Flow
• Drying of wells
• Water Storage
• Rapid increase in population
• Industrial development
• Non development of water resources
WATER PROBLEMS

9. PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABILITY

10. • Indus River Basin
• Makran Coastal Basin
• Ground Water
• Terbela Dam
• Mangla Dam
• Chashma Dam
SOURCES OF WATER

11. • Irrigation
• Power generation
• Drinking
• Industry
UTILIZATION OF WATER

12. Natural
Reason
Miss-
management
Water Crisis
REASON OF WATER CRISIS

13. NATURAL REASON
 This is due to the prolong drought which is beyond the
control of man.
 In the years when the rainfall is not normal or below from
the normal state the country generally faces water shortage.
 For example, the government reduces the 5% quota of water
in Sindh and Punjab due to the bad rainfall which decreases
the level of Mangla Dam.
MISMANAGEMENT
 The average annual inflow of the Indus and its tributaries is
141.67 maf (million acre foot), of which 97% is used in
agriculture and the remaining 3% for domestic and
industrial process. Out of 141.67 maf around 106 maf is
annually diverted in to one of the largest but in-efficient
irrigation system. The remaining 36 maf goes into the sea
unused- a total loss. Out of 106 maf, diverted into an
extensive irrigation network, more than 50% is loss during
the changing and the field application before it reaches the
crop root zone.

14. IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION

15. Improve Sewage Systems
Reduction in traditional water recharging areas
Sewage and wastewater drainage into traditional water bodies
Release of chemicals and effluents into rivers, streams and ponds.
reusing water
Save water
Protect surface inland waters and coastal waters from pollution
By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertilizer, pesticides and
contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources.
Groundwater directive aims to protect groundwater from dangerous pollutants by
controlling the direct and indirect discharges of certain substances into the groundwater.
SOLUTIONS OF WATER
POLLUTION