Burns First Aid by Dr.Mohamed El-Abiad

1 Causes Of Burns
2 Classifications Of Burns
3
First Aid Of Burns4
Hospital Treatment5
Complications Of Burns
Dr. Mohamed El-Abiad

histology
The skin is divided into 3 layers, as follows:
 Epidermis : epithelial cells
 Dermis :capillaries,
nerve endings , hair follicle.
 Hypodermis :adipose
and connective tissue

Causes of burns
 Flames
 Hot fluids-------produce scalds
 Caustic burns
 Electrical burns
 Radiation burns
 Cold burn (frostbite)

Depth
Healthy
Of Person
Age
Location
Extent

Classification according Extend
It’s according the surface area rule of nine
 Head and neck-----9%
 Each upper limb---- 9%
 Each lower limb -----18%
 Front of the trunk -----18%
 Back of the trunk ------18%
 Perineum -------1%

Classification according Depth
 First degree: erythema of the skin
 Second degree: vesicles filled with serum
 Third degree: destruction of the epidermis
 Fourth degree: destruction of whole skin
thickness
 Fifth degree: the burn involve the muscle
 Sixth degree: the bone is burnt

First-degree burns
 the mildest of the three, are limited to the top
layer of skin
 Signs and symptoms: These burns produce
redness, pain, and minor swelling. The skin
is dry without blisters.
 Healing time: Healing time is about 3 to 6
days; the superficial skin layer over the burn
may peel off in 1 or 2 days.

Second-degree burns
 are more serious and involve the skin layers
beneath the top layer
 Signs and symptoms: These burns produce
blisters, severe pain, and redness. The
blisters sometimes break open and the area
is wet looking with a bright pink to cherry red
color.
 Healing time: Healing time varies depending
on the severity of the burn.

3rd
,4th
,5th
,6th
degree of burn
 are the most serious type of burn and involve all the
layers of the skin and underlying tissue:
 Signs and symptoms: The surface appears dry and
can look waxy white, leathery, brown, or charred.
There may be little or no pain or the area may feel
numb at first because of nerve damage.
 Healing time: Healing time depends on the severity
of the burn. Deep second- and third-degree burns
(called full-thickness burns) will likely need to be
treated with skin grafts, in which healthy skin is taken
from another part of the body and surgically placed
over the burn wound to help the area heal.

Complications of burns (general(
General
complications
of burns
shockshock Failure of
Acute
duodenal
ulcer
anemia
Neurogenic
Hypovolemic
septic
Neurogenic
Hypovolemic
septic
Supra renal, Renal
Heart failure
Respiratory
AsphyxiaAsphyxia
& weight loss
(burn cachexia)

Complications of burn (local(
Local
complications
of burns
sepsis
Secondary
hge
Scar
formation
Sq. cell
carcinoma
Destruction
of nerves

First Aid of Thermal Burns
1. Matafy …..distinguish & exit the fire.
2. Move patient from site of fire
3. Make the patient lie down and ensure A.B.C.D.
4. Mya …..wash the burn area under running water.
5. Malt…..remove all the cloth, jewelry and cover
with clean blanket.
6. Maintain injury clean by cover with dry, sterile
dressing (Vaseline Gauze)
7. Morphia… to decrease the pain.
8. Medical assistance request Dr. Mohamed El-Abiad

First Aid of Caustic Burns

Ingestion of caustic material
 Clinical Picture
 Complications:
1. Shock
2. Laryngeal edema
3. Chest infection
4. Malignant transformations
5. Malnutrition and dehydration
6. Perforation ----- mediastinitis

 at the site of accident
1. A+B+C
2. Airway through opening of the cricoithyroid
membrane
3. Ensure good breathing
4. Ask the patient to ingest milk to dilute
corrosive material

 At the hospital
1. Anti-shock (measures, sedation)
2. Antibiotic (penicillin, flagyl)
3. No oral treatment for 1-2 weeks
4. Steroids ( to decrease the stricture and
laryngeal edema)
5. Plain X ray abdomen, chest to detect
perforation

First Aid of Electrical Burns

Radiation Burns

First Aid Of Radiation Burns
 Cool water or cool shower
 Aspirin (pain, headache &
fever)
 Cool room
 comfortable position

Treatment of burn( in hospital(
 Treatment according to
1. Major burn ---- local + systemic treatment
2. Minor burn ---- local treatment

General treatment
1. Wide pore IV Canula (fluid, blood & drugs)
2. To relieve pain ----- Morphia
3. To prevent infection ----- antibiotics
4. To ttt shock ---- IV therapy (major burn)
plasma, dextran, crystalloid, ringer lactate & blood
5. Foleys urethral catheter (urine retention)

Local treatment
1. It’s done after the shock stage recovery
2. Wash burn with saline
3. Apply Antiseptic (Betadine)
4. Puncture Vesicles
5. Remove necrotic tissue
6. Betadine
7. Antibiotic spray & Analgesic
8. Covering by Vaseline gauze & light bandage
9. electric burn--- excision and skin graft is done

A localized cold injury of frostbite can occur when a part of the body is exposed to
extremely low temperature and partially or completely freezes. This typically occurs in
areas away from the core of the body, such as fingers, toes, nose, and ears. Frostbite
must be properly managed to minimize tissue damage

Symptoms:
Pale, cold, or solid skin tissue
Throbbing
Pins and needles sensation
Numbness

Cold temperatures can result in a generalized cooling of the body known as
hypothermia. Hypothermia is when the body temperature has decreased to 95° F or
less. Body processes become impaired and eventually fail. Cardiac arrest may occur.

Symptoms:
Pale and cold skin
Difficulty speaking
Uncontrollable shivering
Altered mental status
Loss of Coordination

Burns First Aid by Dr.Mohamed El-Abiad

Burns First Aid by Dr.Mohamed El-Abiad

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