This document summarizes key concepts about measuring geological time and dating rocks and fossils. It explains that Earth's history is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs on the geologic time scale (GTS). It describes the major eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - and the distribution of life over time. The document also discusses relative dating methods based on principles like superposition and cross-cutting relationships, and absolute dating using radioactive isotopes to determine the precise ages of rocks and fossils.