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Discovering Earth’s History     Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past.    We have learned that Earth is much older than anyone had previously imagined and that its surface and interior have been changed by the same geological processes that continue today. Rocks Record Earth History
Discovering Earth’s History     Uniformitarianism  means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time. A Brief History of Geology
How old is it?? ,[object Object],[object Object],There are two main ways to determine how old a rock or fossil is:
Relative Dating ,[object Object],[object Object],Relative Dating—Key Principles
Principle 1: Law of Superposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ordering the Grand Canyon’s History
Principle 2: Original Horizontality The  principle of original horizontality  means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position.
Principle 2: Original Horizontality
Disturbed Rock Layers
What causes rocks to be disturbed?    Unconformities •  An  unconformity  represents a long period during which deposition stopped, erosion removed previously formed rocks, and then deposition resumed. ,[object Object],[object Object]
A Record of Uplift, Erosion,  and Deposition
Unconformities
Absolute Dating with Radioactivity  ,[object Object],[object Object],Radioactivity
Dating with Radioactivity     A  half-life  is the amount of time necessary for one-half of the nuclei in a sample (parent) to decay to a stable isotope (daughter). Half-Life
Dating with Radioactivity  ,[object Object],[object Object],Dating with Carbon-14

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Geologic dating

  • 1. Discovering Earth’s History  Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past.  We have learned that Earth is much older than anyone had previously imagined and that its surface and interior have been changed by the same geological processes that continue today. Rocks Record Earth History
  • 2. Discovering Earth’s History  Uniformitarianism means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time. A Brief History of Geology
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Ordering the Grand Canyon’s History
  • 7. Principle 2: Original Horizontality The principle of original horizontality means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position.
  • 8. Principle 2: Original Horizontality
  • 10.
  • 11. A Record of Uplift, Erosion, and Deposition
  • 13.
  • 14. Dating with Radioactivity  A half-life is the amount of time necessary for one-half of the nuclei in a sample (parent) to decay to a stable isotope (daughter). Half-Life
  • 15.

Editor's Notes

  1. Makes no sense without caption in book
  2. Makes no sense without caption in book
  3. Makes no sense without caption in book
  4. Makes no sense without caption in book