Index fossils

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mrslarmour

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Core Subject: Earth and Life Science II. Earth Materials and Processes A. Minerals and Rocks The learners demonstrate an understanding of: 1. the three main categories of rocks 2. the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks The learners: 1. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties 2. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

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22. Where are the youngest rocks exposed in this area? What is their age (geologic period)? 23. Where are the oldest rocks exposed in this area? What is their age (geologic period)? 24. Study the pattern made by the rock units in Michigans Lower Peninsula (between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron). What major structural feature is shown? Provide reason(s) to support your answer. Hint: note the spatial outcrop pattern and the age relationship between different units (as shown by the map legend). Remember from the lecture that domes and basins are circular features, and we tell the two apart by the age relationship of the rock units. In a dome, the oldest rocks are in themiddle, with younger rocks around the edges. In a basin, the youngest rocks are in the middle, while the oldest rocks are around the edges. This is where the legend that accompanies the map comesin. The different rock units, shown in different colors, are arranged in order in the legend from youngest at the top to oldest at the bottom. So the legend allows you to determine the relative agesof the rock units on the map (which are older, which are younger) and hence whether this circular feature is a dome or a basin. 25. Note the outcrop pattern of Silurian and Devonian rocks in northwest Indiana. What major structural feature is present in this area? How can you tell? Hint: Notice that in this area the rock units are repeated like stripes. This indicates the presence of a fold. You would then have to look at the relative ages of the rocks, using the legend, to tell whether the fold is an anticline or a syncline. Synclines have the youngest rocks in the middle of the fold; anticlines have the oldest rocks in the middle of the fold. 26. What is the oldest possible age of the folding event in NW Indiana? How can you tell? Hint: remember the principle of original horizontality: the rock units were horizontal when they were deposited, and only folded some time after they were deposited. Hence, the fold can be no older than the youngest rock unit involved in the fold. 27. What is the linear feature shown on the map between Lansing and Detroit? Hint: note that this feature is shown with a thicker line than the contacts between units shown everywhere else on the map. If you dont know the significance of a contact drawn with a thicker line, then you need to re-read the preceding introduction to geologic maps. Geologic maps show the distribution of rock units at the surface as well as structural features, such as faults and folds. A geologic map is usually printed on top of a regular topographic map (the base map) to help you locate yourself on the map. The base map is printed with light colors, so it doesn't interfere with seeing the geologic features on the map. The geology is represented by colors, lines, and symbols unique to geologic maps. Each color used on a geologic map represents a different geologic unit. A unit is a specific type of rock of a specific age range (for example, a Perm.

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What are sediments? How are sediments formed? What are sources of sediments? Make a list and give a brief description in your own words. Examine the diagram above. Where do terrigenous sediments accumulate? Why do they accumulate here? What happens to the size of sediment as you get farther away from the shoreline? Explain what is happening. What are turbidites? What is grading bedding? How do turbidites produce grading bedding? You are to collect a handful of the oldest biogenous sediment in the Atlantic Ocean. Where would you get it from? Explain why you selected these locations. (Hint: The mid-ocean ridge is a divergent boundary, which of which direction the plates would be moving.) How might cores be obtained from below the seafloor? What types of technology might be necessary to accomplish this scientific task? How would you go about finding and identifying cosmogenous sediment? [Optional: Extra Credit] What was the name and latitude and longitude of the island you were stranded on at the beginning of the course? Would you expect there to be more biogenous sediment or abyssal clays on the ocean floor? Why? Quiz Questions What is the most abundant sediment by volume in oceans? A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous What is the most abundant sediment by surface area in oceans? (Hint: Consider how big the oceans are) A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous Which of the following choices is least abundant in oceans? A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous Which of the following choices includes calcareous and siliceous oozes? A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous Which of the following choices includes manganese nodules? A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous What are the most abundant sediment size deposits at Fort Lauderdale, FL Beach? A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud What are the most abundant sediment size deposits on the continental shelf? A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud What are the most abundant sediment size deposits in the great abyssal plains? A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud **Answer the Task Questions on a word processing document. Don't forget to cite your references!** **Answer the Quiz Questions in a separate word processing document.** .

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