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SC 6 5.7 simple machines-powerpoint

This document provides an overview of simple machines, including inclined planes, screws, levers, pulleys, wedges, and wheel and axle systems, explaining their functions and how they reduce the force needed to perform work. It includes definitions, examples, and activities related to each type of machine, along with illustrations and questions for comprehension. The document serves as a guide for learning about these machines and applying the concepts in practical scenarios.

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Just Do It • What is the purpose of a ramp? • You’re nailing a nail into a big board, but the nail bends. How will you remove it from the board? • What do an axe, a knife, and a fork all have in common?
Just Do It: Copy This Table Simple Purpose and Notes Examples Machine Inclined Plane Lever Pulley Wedge Wheel and Axle Screw
Standard 6-5.7 Explain how the design of simple machines (including levers, pulleys, and inclined planes) helps reduce the amount of force required to do work.
A simple machine is a machine that helps you do work by changing the amount or direction of the force you apply.
At the end of this activity: You will write a paragraph that describes and gives examples of the 6 simple machines.
Let‟s Learn Together: Gallery Walk  Rules  Stay with your group.  Do NOT leave before time is called  Do not linger at a site after time is called  Use your “secret voices”  Copy down notes until time is called.  If you finish early, do not leave your area or speak louder than a whisper!
The 6 Simple Machines Inclined plane Wedge Lever screw pulley Wheel & Axle
Make Notes! Print a copy of the data sheet for notes on this presentation by clicking the pencil below.
The Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place. Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane.
The Inclined Plane Examples of Inclined Planes: Ramp Slanted Road Path up a Hill Slide
The Screw A screw is a simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself. A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used to hold objects together.
The Screw Examples of the screw: Jar Lids Light Bulbs Stools Clamps Jacks Wrenches Key Rings Spiral Staircase
Lever A lever is a board or bar that rests on a turning point. This turning point is called the fulcrum. An object that a lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move.
Lever Examples of the lever: A hammer is a lever when it is used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood. Bottle openers Crow bars
Pulley This simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of the wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the wheel turns and the load will move. Pulleys let you move loads up, down, or sideways. Pulleys are good for moving objects to hard to reach places. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot easier.
Pulley Examples of where pulleys can be used:  Flag Poles  Clothes Lines  Sailboat  Blinds  Crane
Wheel and Axle You have probably seen a wheel and axle on a car. The axle turns when you put force on the wheel. The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. It is easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.
Wheel and Axle Examples of Wheels and Axles: Cars Roller Skates Wagons Door Knobs Gears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycles
Wedge A wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects apart. A wedge is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.
Wedge Examples of wedges: Knives Axes Forks Nails
Resources Simple Machine Quiz InventorsToolbox: The Elements of Machines Simple Machine Learning Site Simple Machines
Exit Slip: Writing Assignment Choose one of the simple machines. Write a paragraph describing it and giving examples.
Just Do It Ms. Moye tells you that she would like a 3 page reading report in her class, and it is due in 3 weeks. Mr. Hilton tells you he also wants a 3 page reading report for his class, but it is due tomorrow. Which assignment is easier to complete? Why?  Bonus: What is the definition of a simple machine?
Review What are the 6 types of simple machines? Can you name at least one example of each?
Simple machines make work easier by spreading it out!
The Pulley Copy the following words and leave several lines in your binder to take notes on these words. Fixed Pulley: Moveable Pulley: Block and Tackle:
Three Types of Pulleys  Fixed pulley: a pulley that is attached to a load. It only changes the direction of the effort  Moveable pulley: a pulley that moves with the object being moved. The effort required to lift the load is cut in half.  Block and Tackle: a combination of pulleys
What kind of Pulley?
What kind of Pulley?
What kind of Pulley?
The Lever  Draw the following image:  As the video plays, label your picture with these words: fulcrum, effort force, load, resistance arm, effort arm
Where is the Fulcrum?
Where is the Effort?
Where is the Fulcrum?
Where is the Resistance Arm?
The Inclined Plane  Inclined planes make it easier to _______________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ___________________.  The best way to get a bicycle up a steep hill is to _____________________________.
The Inclined Plane  Inclined planes make it easier to…  Get up a mountain  Clear housetops of snow and rain  The best way to get a bicycle up a steep hill is to ______________________________.
Where are the Inclined Planes?
Where are the Inclined Planes?
What did you LEARN? Number your paper 1-8
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
What Is It?
Just DO It Choose a simple machines. Write a paragraph describing it and giving examples. BONUS: Illustrate your paragraph!
Vocabulary  A _________ is a grooved -----_______ with a rope running along the groove.  ___________ _____________ is the force required to lift an object  A ______________ ____________ is used to measure the force of gravity on an object.
Key Ideas  Pulleys can change the __________ and ________ of the force required to lift an object.  What kind of pulley(s) changes only the direction of the force required? _____________________________________  What kind of pulley(s) changes the direction and amount of force required? _____________________________________
 Moveable pulleys are used to reduce __________ force.  When the distance the effort force covers is ________________ relative to the distance the weight moves, effort force required to lift an object can be _______________.
Hypothesis Which pulley system(s) do you think will reduce the force required to do work?
Data and Analysis Pulley System Weight of Object Force Required Force Lifted (g) to Lift Object (N) Required to Lift Object with the PULLEY Fixed Pulley Moveable Pulley Block and Tackle
 Answer Questions…
Pulley Distance Traveled Distance Traveled System by Effort Force by Object Lifted Fixed Pulley Moveable Pulley Block and Tackle
 Answer Questions…
Exit Slip  If you were told to make a flagpole using a pulley system to raise the flag, what type of pulley would you install? Why?  Explain in four sentences or more how force, distance, and pulleys are related.
Inclined Planes
Just DO It!  List the 6 simple machines. Give one example of each.
 An ____________________ _______________ is a sloping surface, like a ramp, that reduces the amount of force required to lift an object.
 A ___________________ ___________________ is used to measure the force of gravity on an object.
 An inclined plane can reduce the force needed to lift an object in two ways:  Increase the ___________ of the ______________  OR…  Decrease the ____________ of the _____________
Object Force Distance Force Distance Required to object required to object Lift straight traveled lift with an traveled up with lift inclined with straight up plane inclined plane a. b. c.
Questions…
Just Do It In at least three sentences, explain why this mountain road might not go straight up the mountain. Include key words: work, force, distance, inclined plane BONUS: Draw a lever and label all its parts!
Agenda  Just Do It: 5  Key Ideas about Levers: 5  Lever Demonstration and Questions: 11  Practice with Lever Questions: 5  Science Fair Work: 25  Conclusion: 4
Standard 6-5.7 Explain how the design of simple machines (including levers, pulleys, and inclined planes) helps reduce the amount of force required to do work
Levers A ___________________ is a rigid bar or board that is free to move around a fixed point called a ________________.
A lever can be designed to reduce force required to lift an object in two ways:  By ______________________ the distance from the ____________ to the point where the effort force is applied  By _____________________ the distance the ____________ is from the fulcrum
 Is it easier to lift the box of books when the fulcrum is in the center of the board, or when the fulcrum is at the end of the board closest to the box?  Is it easier to lift the box of books when you apply a force on the effort arm near the fulcrum, or far away from the fulcrum?  Name one way you could change this lever to reduce the effort force required to lift the load.
Final Key Point By increasing the distance the effort force moves relative to the distance the weight moves, a lever can reduce the effort force needed to lift an object.
How are we doing?  Name two ways this young lady could reduce the force required to lift this heavy box. Illustrate one way in your notes!
It‟s Science Fair Time!  Overview of Project– Question: 2 minutes  Review of Vocabulary: 5 minutes  Hypothesis: 4 minutes  Materials: 4 minutes  Procedure: 10 minutes
Question How does the mass of an object affect the force required to lift that object up an inclined plane? How can we test this question???
Hypothesis What do you think the answer to our question is? Make an educated guess! How does the mass of an object affect the force required to lift that object up an inclined plane?
Materials  What will we need to conduct this experiment?  Take note of materials Ms. Brown provides to you
Procedure  Write every step!  Think about our peanut butter and jelly demonstration from the beginning of the year  Use complete sentences.  Use your best grammar and spelling  Staple an additional sheet onto this sheet if necessary.
Results  How will you organize your data? Make one table or chart that we could use to organize all of the data.
Conclusion: Was our hypothesis correct? What did we learn? Why does this matter in real life?
Just Do It  Use complete sentences to tell me about your Christmas break! Include and underline at least 10 key vocabulary words we‟ve studied this year.  Example: Over break, I observed 12 inches of precipitation (snow) in my backyard! The snow came from low-hanging stratus clouds.
Agenda  Just Do It: 9 minutes  Review of Simple Machines: 12 minutes  Science Fair Projects: Review and Conclusion 25 minutes  Wrap Up:
Review: Simple Machines  Speed Review: 1 minute per machine  Write the name of the simple machine  Write one key point about that machine  Time-Permitting, draw an example
The Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place. Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane.
The Inclined Plane Examples of Inclined Planes: Ramp Slanted Road Path up a Hill Slide
The Screw A screw is a simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself. A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used to hold objects together.
The Screw Examples of the screw: Jar Lids Light Bulbs Stools Clamps Jacks Wrenches Key Rings Spiral Staircase
Lever A lever is a board or bar that rests on a turning point. This turning point is called the fulcrum. An object that a lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move.
Lever Examples of the lever: A hammer is a lever when it is used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood. Bottle openers Crow bars
Pulley This simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of the wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the wheel turns and the load will move. Pulleys let you move loads up, down, or sideways. Pulleys are good for moving objects to hard to reach places. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot easier.
Pulley Examples of where pulleys can be used:  Flag Poles  Clothes Lines  Sailboat  Blinds  Crane
Wheel and Axle You have probably seen a wheel and axle on a car. The axle turns when you put force on the wheel. The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. It is easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.
Wheel and Axle Examples of Wheels and Axles: Cars Roller Skates Wagons Door Knobs Gears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycles
Wedge A wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects apart. A wedge is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.