This document discusses foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals. It notes there are 7 main serotypes of the virus with many subtypes that can cause similar symptoms. The disease spreads easily through direct or indirect contact with infected animals. Clinical signs include fever, vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. It can have serious production and economic impacts. The document provides details on diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention including isolation, vaccination, and hygiene measures.

1. Sakina Rubab
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
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3. Picornaviridae
Aphthovirus
/Rhinovirus
7 serotypes (A, O,
C, Asia-I, SAT-1,
SAT-2, SAT-3), 60+
subtypes
Similar symptoms and
lesions produced by
different types
Immunity lost for 6
months
No cross immunity
In Pakistan: Asia-1
and O type (A,O,
Asia-I: 2012)
Most contagious agent
known in veterinary or
human medicine
OIE list A disease

4. cattle
buffaloes
yaks
sheep
goat
swine
camels
llamas
vicunas

5. Direct contact faeces, urine, saliva,
artificial insemination
Indirect contact utensils, water etc.
Occurs in winter season

6. Birds, Man, other animals
by shoes, by bedding of the
animals, skins, hides and even
different birds
Replication of virus in
i. Pharynx
ii. Epi. of Mouth
iii. Epi. of feet
iv. Teats
Through
Ingestion,
inhalation air
borne,
mechanical
Virus Animal Respiratory tract
Viremia
Blood
saliva semen faeces
milk
urine nasal discharge

7. Fever
Heavy stringy or drooling salivation
Vesicles and ulcers in mouth tongue
mostly affected
Vesicles on feet, interdigital spaces
Vesicles on teat and udder
Sequela :panting
Abortion

17. Erosion of epithelium of rumen pillars
Tiger heart

18. History (Vaccination)
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay
(best)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Complement Fixation Test

19. Milk production decreased
Mastitis
Lameness
Weight loss: meat production decreased
Estrous cycle affected
Abortion

20. Isolation of sick animal
Soft leafy diet

21. Wash mouth with 1% potassium
permanganate solution
Ointment for mouth vesicles: boric acid
and glycerin or somo gel, Abbott or
bonjela, Macter International,apply thrice a
day

22. Wash feet with 2% copper sulphate
solution
Smear pyodine or tincture iodine

23. Antibiotic Tribex, Vetcon @1ml/30kg, I/M
Melonac ICI @ 1ml/35kg, I/M
Megapyrine, Star @5-10ml/ large animal
0.5-2ml/small animal,
I/M
Vitamin B complex, Zakfas @ 15-20ml
large
5-12ml small I/V

24. Lugol’s iodine solution, Lugosol ,Life 1-5
drops in water, t.i.d for panting
Teragen spray, Star 200g as required on
hoof and udder lesions

25. Hot bread with butter : ruptures vesicles
Water from tanneries on vesicles :dries
them

26. Vaccinate animals twice a year
Large : Feb and Sep
Small : April and Oct
Dosage: large 5ml
small 2m S/C

27. Aftebin, Ghazi Bros, against A an O strains
only
Aftovaxpur , Saadat and Merial, against
A,O and Asia 1
Decivac, Leads ,against A, O and Asia 1

29.  http://www.pakdairyinfo.com/FMD.htm
 http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/09/23/
business/foot-and-mouth-disease-a-threat-to-
dairy-industry/
 http://www.agrovoice.com.pk/dr-afzal-
presents-strategic-management-for-the-
control-of-fmd-in-pakistan/
 D.C Blood, J.A Henderson,1974,Veterinary
Medicine ,page 475-482.
 http://vetcon.net/about.html