Foot and mouth disease is caused by a picornavirus with 7 serotypes that can cause similar symptoms. It is highly contagious and affects cloven-hoofed animals. Clinical signs include fever, vesicles in the mouth and feet, and decreased milk production. Diagnosis can be made via history, ELISA, PCR or complement fixation tests. Treatment involves isolation of sick animals, topical treatments, antibiotics, and vitamins. Vaccination twice yearly can help control the spread.

1. FOOT AND MOUTH
DISEASE
Dr Ashish Tanwer
Teaching Associate
V. C.C, C.V.A.S Bikaner

2. Picornaviridae
Aphthovirus
/Rhinovirus
7 serotypes (A, O,
C, Asia-I, SAT-1,
SAT-2, SAT-3), 60+
subtypes
Similar symptoms and
lesions produced by
different types
Immunity lost for 6
months
No cross immunity
In Pakistan:Asia-1
and O type (A,O,
Asia-I: 2012)
Most contagious agent
known in veterinary or
human medicine
OIE list Adisease

3. cattle
buffaloes
yaks
sheep
goat
swine
camels
llamas
vicunas

4. Direct contact faeces, urine, saliva,
artificial insemination
Indirect contact utensils, water etc.
Occurs in winter season

5. Fever
Heavy stringy or drooling salivation
Vesicles and ulcers in mouth tongue
mostly affected
Vesicles on feet, interdigital spaces
Vesicles on teat and udder
Sequela :panting
Abortion

15. History (Vaccination)
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay
(best)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Complement Fixation Test

16. Milk production decreased
Mastitis
Lamenes
Weight loss: meat production
decreased Estrous cycle affected
Abortion

17. Isolation of sick animal
Soft leafy diet
Wash mouth with 1% potassium
permanganate solution
Ointment for mouth vesicles: boric acid and
glycerin or somo gel, Abbott or bonjela, Macter
International,apply thrice a day.
Wash feet with 2% copper sulphate solution
Smear povidine or tincture iodine

18. Antibiotic Tribex, Vetcon @1ml/30kg, I/M
Melonac ICI @ 1ml/35kg, I/M
Megapyrine, Star @5-10ml/ large animal 0.5-2ml/small
animal, I/M
Vitamin B complex, Zakfas @ 15-20ml large 5-12ml
small I/V
Lugol’s iodine solution, Lugosol ,Life 1-5
drops in water, t.i.d for panting
Teragen spray, Star 200g as required on hoof and udder
lesions

19. Vaccinate animals twice a year
Large : Feb and Sep
Small : April and Oct
Dosage: large 5ml small 2m S/C

20. Aftebin, Ghazi Bros, against A an O strains
only
Aftovaxpur , Saadat and Merial, against
A,O and Asia 1
Decivac, Leads ,against A, O and Asia1